碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺在海水润滑下的摩擦学性能

利用MCF-10耐海水腐蚀摩擦磨损试验机考察不同含量碳纤维(CF)增强的聚酰亚胺(PI)聚合物在海水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察磨损表面形貌,分析材料磨损机制。结果显示,CF填料能够有效地提高PI在海水中的耐磨性,其耐磨性能随着CF添加量的增加先上升后下降,当CF体积分数为20%时,PI复合材料的抗磨性能最好,这是因为耐磨性好的CF承担了摩擦过程中的大部分载荷,抑制了PI的磨损;CF的加入增强了PI复合材料对对偶面的刮擦和犁耕作用,导致摩擦因数升高并出现较大幅度的振荡,不同CF添加量的PI复合材料的摩擦因数差不大;纯PI的磨损主要表现为黏着磨损和机械犁耕,CF增强PI的磨损主要是基体的磨粒磨损和填料的磨平和折断。     

碳纤维增强PI聚合物在海水润滑下的摩擦学性能研究

利用MCF 10耐海水腐蚀摩擦磨损试验机考察不同含量碳纤维（CF）增强的聚酰亚胺（PI）聚合物在海水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察磨损表面形貌,分析材料磨损机制。结果显示,CF填料能够有效地提高PI在海水中的耐磨性,其耐磨性能随着CF添加量的增加先上升后下降,当CF体积分数为20%时,PI复合材料的抗磨性能最好,这是因为耐磨性好的CF承担了摩擦过程中的大部分载荷,抑制了PI的磨损;CF的加入增强了PI复合材料对对偶面的刮擦和犁耕作用,导致摩擦因数升高并出现较大幅度的振荡,不同CF添加量的PI复合材料的摩擦因数差不大;纯PI的磨损主要表现为黏着磨损和机械犁耕,CF增强PI的磨损主要是基体的磨粒磨损和填料的磨平和折断。     

碳纤维增强杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

利用MRH-03型环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究不同碳纤维含量的聚醚砜酮(PPESK)基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,讨论载荷、速度及润滑介质对质量分数10%碳纤维增强复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用SEM观察材料的断面形貌和磨损表面形貌。结果表明:适量碳纤维的加入可以明显提高材料的摩擦磨损性能,并使得复合材料干摩擦条件下的磨损机制由严重的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损转变为黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。以质量分数10%碳纤维增强的复合材料为例,随着载荷的增加复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数降低,而磨损率先降低后增加,在高滑动速度下复合材料的摩擦因数降低而磨损率增加;而海水润滑介质的加入大大降低了材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,并使得复合材料的磨损机制由干摩擦条件下的黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损。     

碳纤维增强杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用MRH-03型环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究不同碳纤维含量的聚醚砜酮(PPESK)基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,讨论载荷、速度及润滑介质对质量分数10%碳纤维增强复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用SEM观察材料的断面形貌和磨损表面形貌。结果表明：适量碳纤维的加入可以明显提高材料的摩擦磨损性能,并使得复合材料干摩擦条件下的磨损机制由严重的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损转变为黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。以质量分数10%碳纤维增强的复合材料为例,随着载荷的增加复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数降低,而磨损率先降低后增加,在高滑动速度下复合材料的摩擦因数降低而磨损率增加;而海水润滑介质的加入大大降低了材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,并使得复合材料的磨损机制由干摩擦条件下的黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损。     

碳纤维/聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料摩擦磨损性能及抗摩擦静电特性研究

利用真空热压烧结技术制备了不同碳纤含量的碳纤维/聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料,采用热导率分析仪和热重测试仪对材料的热学性能进行表征,并利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机、三维形貌轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜和摩擦静电计对材料的摩擦磨损性能和抗摩擦静电性能进行分析。分析结果表明：随着CF添加量的增加,复合材料摩擦因数、磨损率和摩擦静电电压先降低后升高,当CF添加量(质量分数)为20%时,摩擦因数、磨损率和摩擦静电电压达到最低,分别为0.247、5.6×10^-6 mm/(N·m)和3.3 V,证明此种方法制备的20%CF/PEEK材料具有优异的摩擦磨损性能和抗静电性能。CF/PEEK复合材料磨损机理以黏着磨损为主,并且伴随着轻微的磨粒磨损。     

聚四氟乙烯碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

研究了不同含量PTFE碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能,并分析了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的磨损表面形貌和磨损机制。结果表明:添加质量分数10%~15%PTFE的复合材料体系机械性能最佳,随PTFE含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数下降,而磨损率呈上升趋势。水润滑下,摩擦因数和磨损率比干摩擦下都有相应的降低。干摩擦下,材料的磨损主要以塑性变形、微观破裂及破碎为主;水润滑下,这一机制明显减弱,主要表现为微切削形态。     

纳米锌填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料微动摩擦磨损性能

利用热压烧结法制备不同含量纳米锌填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料,采用微动摩擦磨损试验机研究干摩擦条件下纳米锌含量对复合材料微动摩擦磨损性能的影响。利用场发射扫描电子显微对复合材料断面进行分析,采用扫描电子显微镜对材料磨损表面及钢球进行表征,探讨复合材料的磨损机制。研究结果表明:随着纳米Zn含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率均表现为先降低后升高;当纳米Zn质量分数为1%时复合材料具有最低的摩擦因数和磨损率,且对偶钢球表面形成连续的转移膜;复合材料的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。添加锌纳米颗粒,可以提高UHMWPE复合材料的微动摩擦磨损性能,当纳米锌质量分数为1%时,复合材料具有最低的摩擦因数和最优的耐磨损性能。     

纳米ZrO2改性热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用热模压工艺制备了纳米ZrO2改性热塑性聚酰亚胺(PI)纳米复合材料,考察了复合材料的力学性能、在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了冲击断面和磨损表面形貌.结果表明:纳米ZrO2在低含量下对PI复合材料的力学性能影响不大,随着其含量的增大,材料的弯曲性能下降,刚性增大.在干摩擦条件下,较低的纳米颗粒含量有助于转移膜的形成,从而降低材料的摩擦因数及磨损率.纳米ZrO2体积分数为1%时,材料的摩擦磨损性能较纯PI分别下降了50%和15%;在油润滑条件下,润滑油的流动性有助于纳米颗粒分布到整个摩擦界面,PI复合材料的摩擦因数及磨损率有明显降低,此时磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主.     

废弃XLPE增强HDPE的力学和摩擦性能研究*

采用机械粉碎法制备出废弃交联聚乙烯(XLPE)原料,并用转矩流变仪混炼出XLPE增强的XLPE/HDPE复合材料,再用微型注塑机将复合材料加工成型。使用电子万能试验机、摆锤冲击试验机与摩擦磨损试验机测试复合材料的拉伸性能、缺口冲击强度与摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察表面形貌并分析摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:随着XLPE填充量的增加,复合材料的拉伸性能呈现轻微下降的趋势,缺口冲击强度先增加后减小,比磨损率呈现先增加后减少再增加的趋势,而摩擦因数变化不大;当复合材料的XLPE质量分数为6%时,缺口冲击强度比HDPE材料提高了25.6%,比磨损率下降了10%。可见添加少量废弃的XLPE,可以提高复合材料的缺口冲击性能,且对复合材料的摩擦性能影响不大。XLPE/HDPE复合材料的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,若废弃XLPE添加量过多时,表现为疲劳磨损。     

石墨填充聚醚酰亚胺摩擦学性能分析

在M-200摩擦试验机上进行不同含量石墨填充PEI基复合材料的摩擦磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了断口和磨损表面的显微结构,并分析了磨损机制。考察了表面硬度随含量填充量的变化规律。试验结果表明:石墨在复合材料基体中呈片状结构,磨损过程中易形成转移膜,从而改善了摩擦磨损情况,其中填充质量分数10%石墨的PEI基复合材料摩擦因数最低,填充30%石墨的复合材料磨损率最低,材料表面硬度随着填充石墨含量的增加而降低,石墨填充量在5%～30%之间表面硬度下降平缓,当填充量超过30%时,材料表面硬度下降剧烈。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.