AMPS单体与油田用聚合物

本文综述了由新型磺酸盐单体 AMPS 合成的各种共聚物在石油钻采工程中作为钻井液处理剂、油井水泥外加剂和完井液、酸化液、压裂液的添加剂以及在 EOR 中的应用。     

重要的食品杂环香料——吡嗪类化合物

介绍了一些重要的吡嗪类杂环香料及各自的特征香气,并综述了此类化合物的一般合成法。     

烯烃聚合用金属茂催化剂的结构与催化机理及应用

综述了金属茂催化剂的组成、结构包括中心原子、配体、桥链、桥取代基等对性能的影响 ,及其不同催化体系在制备聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯中的应用     

虚拟现实技术在石油工业中的应用展望

虚拟现实技术是近年来发展最快的信息技术之一,它是人工智能、计算机图形学、人机接口技术、多媒体技术、网络技术、并行计算技术等多种技术的集成。本文介绍了虚拟现实技术的特点、分类以及在石油工业中的应用前景,并重点介绍了在储运工程中应用前景。     

GEOLOGIC TIME AS A PARAMETER IN ORGANIC METAMORPHISM AND VITRINITE REFLECTANCE AS AN ABSOLUTE PALEOGEOTHERMOMETER

Substantial published and unpublished data contradict accepted laws of organic metamorphism. Significant amounts of C₁₅₊ hydrocarbons and kerogen with significant generation potential exist in sediments which have been buried at high temperatures for long periods of geologic time. Graphite formation and greenschist metamorphism do not occur at model-predicted burial times and temperatures. Maturation levels for sediments with long (up to 240 million years) burial times are much lower than expected, and conversely, higher than expected for sediments with short (2 million years) burial times. The threshold of intense petroleum generation is not detectable in Plio-Miocene sediments at minimum temperatures of 160° C. Literature examination reveals that the only solid documentation of time as a controlling parameter in organic metamorphism is in the works of Karweil (1955), Lopatin (1971) and Connan (1974). Scrutiny of these authors' study areas reveals that all have had moderate to extreme paleogeothermal gradients from incipient and aborted rifting, extrusive and intrusive igneous activity, hydrothermal activity, orogenesis and/or uplift and erosion. Levels of organic metamorphism attributed to geologic time by the above authors are better explained by high paleogeothermal gradients resulting from major geologic activity. Mean vitrinite reflectance (R_O) data have been compiled from different sedimentary basins currently at or near maximum geothermal gradients with sediment burial times ranging from 2–240 million years. The R_O data from these basins show a strong correlation (r = 0.97) of increase in R, with increase in temperature. These same data show no correlation of increasing Ro with increasing burial times for any temperature interval. R, data from sedimentary basins affected by high-temperature geothermal systems with heating times of only 1,000–10,000 years overlie R, data from these petroleum-bearing sedimentary basins with burial (heating) times of 2–240 million years. Contrary to accepted thought, there is no evidence from the natural system that petroleum generation-maturation reactions have first-order reaction kinetics. By contrast, a substantial body of evidence from petroleum generation-maturation laboratory studies carried out in closed water- wet systems show that these reactions are characterized by multiple-order reaction kinetics. Geologically older sediments clearly tend to be more organically mature than younger sediments at the same burial temperatures. However, this correlation ismorea reflection that older sediments have had a greater chance of being affected by a major geologic event with an accompanying high heat flow. The major conclusions of this paper are that: (1) geologic time has no observable effect on organic metamorphism; (2) vitrinite reflectance can be used as an absolute paleogeothermorneter; and (3) the accepted models of organic metamorphism at the very least need substantial revision.     

天然气燃料利用

世界消费的天然气中 90 %～ 95 %用作燃料。本文从天然气燃料应用的技术、环境、效率的角度综述了天然气在住宅、商业、工业、发电和交通运输等领域的利用状况和特征。     

新型钻井液添加剂铁锡栲胶-木质素磺酸盐的研制

以落叶松树皮为原料,通过磺化、络合、氧化等反应,合成了一种新型抗盐抗高温的钻井液添加剂——铁锡栲胶-木质素磺酸盐(FSLS)。对FSLS的性能进行了室内评定。结果表明,FSLS的综合性能优于铁铬木质素磺酸盐,在淡水泥浆中抗温不低于180℃、抗NaCl达8％,同时兼有降失水作用,对环境无污染。     

原油破乳剂AP221的cmc和分子量及脱水率的研究

为研究AP型原油破乳剂的性能,合成了原料含水量不同及亲油夹子比例不同的两个系列共16个样品,测定了临界胶束浓度(cmc)、数均分子量和原油脱水率,并讨论了它们之间的关系。     

新型驱油用表面活性剂天然混合羧酸盐

本文是一篇专论,介绍了天然混合羧酸盐的原料（油脂下脚料）界面活性及抗二价离子的能力,简述了ＡＳＰ三元复合驱油体系配方筛选方法,介绍了针对我国不同酸值原油研制的含天然混合羧酸盐的３个ＡＳＰ曲型配方。     

羧酸镧作为车用汽油抗爆剂的研究

探讨了稀土化合物用作环保汽油抗爆剂的可能性。合成的羧酸镧抗爆剂试验研究显示 :此类化合物具有较好的油溶性和一定的抗爆性 ,加入量为 ( 1～ 4)× 10 - 3mol/L ,MON可提高一个单位左右。不增加汽油的腐蚀性 ,能够作为汽油抗爆剂使用 ,其中环烷酸镧具有开发和应用前景     

制氢原料的气体化

介绍了炼厂气代替轻油作制氢原料的实践过程。通过实施炼厂气制氢方案，取得了很好的经济效益。     

AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES AS NOVEL FUEL STABILIZERS

This paper summarizes the synthesis of some amino acid esters and their derivatives. The structural characteristics of these derivatives have been studied by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Evaluation of their efficacy with respect to gum and sediment inhibition and dispersant characteristics in highly unstable distillate fuel blends has been carried out. The results of accelerated stability test have been discussed and it is inferred that while most of these derivatives are quite effective for stabilization of fuel, phenyl alanine dodecanoate and N-tert-dodecyl lysine dodecanoate are highly efficient in imparting stability and dispersant characteristics to the fuel employed for study. It has been concluded that structural parameters such as nature of substituents on the amino acid backbone and the type and length of alkyl chains profoundly influence the dispersant as well as stabilizing characteristics.     

POLLEN TRANSLUCENCY AS A THERMAL MATURATION INDICATOR

Using an inversion technique, we show that pollen translucency with depth can be used as a quantitative tool to estimate the thermal history of sedimentary sequences. The overall trend of translucency is a decrease with increasing depth. In this study, three wells in southern Louisiana were examined, each having Carya (a pollen genus including present-day Pecans and Hickories) translucency measurements with depth, and one of the wells containing measurements of vitrinite reflectance with depth. High sedimentation rates (>250 ft/MM yrs of shale) require the use of a fluid flow/compaction burial history program linked with the Carya inversion algorithm. Thermal history is estimated by the interaction of a heat flux taken to be linear in time, and a time-temperature integral for the inversion of Carya translucency. The former involves β, a linear heat-flux coefficient to be determined, while the latter involves two previously unknown constants: T_C, a critical temperature, below which the translucency is stable (no carbonization), and T_D, a scaling constant, roughly analogous to a doubling temperature. T_D and T_c are chemical constants, and should be consistent in the three wells, while β should be consistent when determined independently by vitrinite reflectance and Carya translucency inversions. Grid searches for an acceptable solution in T_C vs. T_D vs. βspace were carried out for each of the three wells to determine the best T_D T_C and β for each well. A goodness-of-fit criterion, contoured in T_D vs. T_C vs. βspace, defines a volume of solutions within fixed error limits. Estimates of T_D= 75 ± 30°K and T_C= 290 + 20°K, for the genus Carya, are consistent for all of the wells. Acceptable β ranges, determined by the Carya inversion, overlap for the neighbouring wells. and the ranges are also consistent with β determined by the independent inversion of vitrinite reflectance in one of the wells. We conclude that Carya translucency can be used as a quantitative thermal indicator. Application of the inverse method to translucency measurements on other palynomorphs having longer. or different, age ranges than the Eocene-Recent lifetime for Carya is recommended.     

EVAPORITES AS OIL AND GAS SOURCE ROCKS

Shale- and micritic limestone-bound organics have long been considered as hydrocarbon source rocks. However, a conceptual model of hydrocarbon generation in salt basins does not require the entrapment of hydrocarbons in impervious strata, shales or micritic limestones as source rocks.
In evaporite basins, organic matter derived from surface waters is preserved beneath the pycnocline of a density-stratification in anaerobic hypersaline bottom brines. Not being recycled, it is decomposed by bacteria, goes into solution or settles on the bottom. Montmorillonites, calcites, gypsum and potash deposits can alter organic matter catalytically. Impervious clays and micritic limestones trap large hydrocarbon molecules permanently; smaller molecules are flushed through a permeable substrate into aquifers and delivered to reservoirs. After burial, maturation equal to other hydrocarbons is achieved at a lower vitrinite index.     

PSM AS POUR POINT DEPRESSANT FOR DIESEL

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of polymer of Maleic anhydride with Pentaerythritol stearic diacetate (PSM) was reported. Its effects as pour point depressant were studied on diesels from different sources. The experimental results show that its effects are satisfactory.     

脯氨酸衍生物有机小分子催化剂的研究进展

综述了脯氨酸衍生物在不对称催化反应中的应用。脯氨酸衍生物新型手性有机小分子催化剂具有独特优势,对映选择性好,在不对称合成中发挥着越来越重要的作用,应用前景广阔。     

ALKYLOXY ALKYLAMINO PROPANOLS AS MULTIFUNCTIONAL FUEL STABILIZERS

Nine different derivatives of alkyloxy alkylamino propanols were synthesised from epichlorohydrin, straight or branched chain primary and secondary alcohols and tertiary alkyl primary amines as well as straight chain primary amine. Their sedimentation inhibition characteristics in distillate fuels of various compositions were studied in comparison to tertiary alkyl primary amines as well as some known commercial additives of similar nature. It is inferred that the replacement of hydrogen in tertiary alkyl primary amines with a long chain hydroxy ether greatly improves the sediment inhibiting properties of tertiary alkyl primary amines, which were otherwise not found very effective in the fuels employed for present studies. Moreover it has been concluded that among these derivatives tertiary-dodecyl appears to be most optimum chain length for the amine moeity and eight C-atoms in the alkyl chain backbone of alcohol moiety is the most optimum for effective inhibition. Sedimentation values have been reduced from 10 mg/100 ml to 2.89 mg/100 ml for 3(3,7 dimethyl octyloxy)-1(t-dodecylamino)-Propan-2-ol employed as inhibitor.     

沟鞭藻:24-降胆甾烷的重要生源

24-降胆甾烷是出现在原油和沉积有机质中的一类重要分子化石,其在地层中的分布与地质时代、古气候和沉积相等有关。国内外研究表明,硅藻是24-降胆甾烷的重要生源。通过研究发现,在缺少硅藻化石的渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组湖相沉积中,发育丰富的24-降胆甾烷,且与地层中的沟鞭藻分子化石(三芳甲藻甾烷)和生物化石(囊孢)存在明显相关性。因此可以推测,沟鞭藻是24-降胆甾烷的另一重要生源。由于沟鞭藻和硅藻分布的差异,不同盆地中24-降胆甾烷的来源存在区别。济阳坳陷古近纪气候温暖湿润,沟鞭藻极度繁盛,是24-降胆甾烷的主要贡献者。