尼龙12/炭黑高转变温度PTC材料的研究

研究了以尼龙12(PA12)为基体树脂,炭黑(CB)为导电填料的高转变温度正温度系数(PTC)材料.采用熔融共混方法制备了尼龙12/炭黑聚合物PTC复合材料,考查了炭黑含量,热循环等因素对材料PTC性能的影响.并采用示差扫描量热分析(DSC)、热机械曲线分析(TMA)研究了材料PTC效应与材料结构的关系.实验结果表明尼龙12/炭黑复合材料具有高转变温度的PTC特性,将复合材料进行多次热循环实验,此复合材料仍具有较强的PTC效应.     

接枝炭黑/聚乙烯导电复合材料正电阻温度系数(PTC)效应研究

用接枝炭黑作导电粒子研究了在聚乙烯基材中的正 (电阻 )温度系数 (PTC)效应。结果发现 ,甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝的炭黑在高密度聚乙烯中能表现出较好的 PTC效应。从实验现象分析 ,接枝炭黑的 PTC效应是结晶熔融和体积膨胀双重变化共同作用的结果。     

炭黑/聚烯烃导电复合材料PTC效应的研究

对炭黑/聚烯烃导电复合材料PTC效应做了较全面的论述,介绍了此类材料的导电机理和一些新的理论观点,总结了影响其PTC效应的主要因素及目前国内外研究这种新型功能材料的典型方法。文中详细讨论了工艺条件、基体与导电填料的性质、频率等方面对材料性能、PTC效应的影响,对研究、开发和应用高性能的PTC复合材料有重要的参考价值。     

线性低密度聚乙烯—炭黑复合物的正温度效应

本文研究了炭黑填充线性低密度聚乙烯复合物的导电性与炭黑含量的关系，PTC强度与CB含量的关系，探讨了未交联与交联复合的PTC效应的热重复性和NTC效应。     

低密度聚乙烯/炭黑/季戊四醇复合材料PTC特性的研究

采用流变仪制备了低密度聚乙烯/炭黑(LDPE/CB)复合材料和LDPE/CB/PE(季戊四醇)复合材料,研究了PE对LDPE/CB体系正温度系数(PTC)效应及负温度系数(NTC)效应的影响;并对复合材料进行了热循环测试,研究季戊四醇对PTC材料重演性的影响。结果表明,PE对LDPE/CB体系的PTC强度没有影响,对NTC效应有一定的抑制作用,对重演性有一定的改善作用。     

PA1 01 O/CB、PE/CB体系的PTC效应研究

研究了炭黑(CB)含量对LDPE、HDPE、PA1010电阻率的影响,以及LDPE/CB、HDPE/CB、PA101/CB复合体系的电阻-温度特性,发现PA101/CB体系的正温度系数(PTC)转变温度较高,但与HDP/CB体系相比,其PTC强度却很低,不适于制备PTC材料.HDPE/CB体系在160℃附近具有较高的PTC效应,且辐射交联可消除其负温度系数(NTC)效应,容易加工成型,是制备低温区PTC材料的较好体系.     

炭黑粒子偶联处理的HDPE复合材料PTC性能研究

研究了以HDPE为基体,工业炭黑（CB）为导电粒子的高分子复合材料的PTC（正温度系数）导电行为。考察了炭黑及偶联剂种类、用量对高分子PTC导电材料性能的影响,并探讨了偶联接枝机理,从理论上对改性效果进行了分析。结果表明,对炭黑,尤其是槽法炭黑 表面处理可显著提高复合材料的电导率及减小NTC（负温度系数）效应;钛酸酯偶联剂具有最佳改性效果,可明显改善炭黑粒子分散状态,增强材料的PTC效应,其最佳用量为1％质量份。     

二氧化硅对EP/CB复合材料电性能的影响

以二氧化硅( SiO2)为添加剂,低结构炭黑(CB)为导电填料,环氧树脂(EP)为基体树脂,甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐( MeTHPA)为固化剂,采用超声分散溶液混合法制备EP/CB/SiO2复合材料.通过电阻-温度特性测试和扫描电镜等分别对其电性能和微观形貌进行了表征与分析.结果表明,随SiO2含量增加,复合材料的室温体积电阻率先下降后上升,当SiO2质量分数为0.5％时,电阻率达到最小值;含SiO2的EP/CB/SiO2导电复合材料仍具有正温度系数( PTC)和负温度系数(NTC)效应,但其PTC强度小于EP/CB复合材料,NTC效应也弱于EP/CB体系.     

炭黑/高聚物导电复合材料PTC效应的研究

正温系数 (Positive Temperature Coefficient)导电高分子材料 (PTC材料 )在工业中得到了广泛的应用。本文探讨了炭黑 高聚物导电复合材料 PTC效应产生与衰退的机理 ,综述了其 PTC效应的影响因素。     

PTC型PA12/炭黑导电复合材料的结构与性能

通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同含量炭黑的聚酰胺(PA)12复合材料,并研究了复合材料的熔体流动速率(MFR)、热性能、导电性和正温度系数(PTC)性能.结果表明:随炭黑含量增加,复合材料的熔体流动速率显著降低.炭黑改善了复合材料的热稳定性.复合材料的体积电阻率随炭黑含量的增加而显著降低,复合材料导电的炭黑逾渗浓度在14％～15％之间.导电复合材料表现出明显的PTC效应,炭黑质量分数为20％的复合材料PTC强度最高.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。