环氧化烯土异戊橡胶的性能

研究了４种不同环氧化度的稀土异戊橡胶（ＥＩＲ）的生胶，混炼胶及硫化胶性能。结果表明，随着环氧化度（摩尔）从１０％增至５０％，ＥＩＲ的Ｔｇ由－５４℃升至－３０℃，但它们（除ＥＩＲ－５０外）的混炼行为与稀土异戊橡胶（Ｌｎ－ＩＲ）相当，混炼胶表面平整光滑，随着环氧化度增加，混炼胶硫化速度加快，硫化平坦区较窄，且具有明显的硫经返原现象，硫化胶的３００％定伸应力，拉伸强度，硬度，磨耗等增加，而２０＾＃机油和     

环氧化稀土异戊橡胶的合成

以有机酸为催化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２为氧化剂，己烷或甲苯为溶剂，用稀土异戊橡胶合成了环氧化度为１０％，３０％，５０％的环氧化稀土异戊橡胶ＥＩＲ－１０，ＥＩＲ－３０，ＥＩＲ－５０。结果表明，Ｈ２Ｏ２用量，反应时间和温度对环氧化度均有影响。     

炭黑诸因素对稀土丁—异戊橡胶性能的影响

通过调整和改善催化体系,对稀土丁－异戊橡胶（Ｌｎ－ＢＩＲ）及其与天然橡胶的共混胶的性能进行研究。结果发现,中超耐磨炉黑（ＩＳＡＦ）对Ｌｎ－ＢＩＲ的补强效果优于高耐磨炉黑（ＨＡＦ）,Ｌｎ－ＢＩＲ的低温性能优异,Ｌｎ－ＢＩＲ与天然橡胶按５－／５０质量共比混不仅可以改善加工行为,而且可使其硫化胶强伸性能等获得提高。     

评价影响丁苯橡胶硫化胶性能的因素

为理解和正确执行丁苯橡胶（ＳＢＲ）１５００系列硫化胶性能评价的国家标准及为修订标准做必要准备，在现有实验室条件下，做了４个方面的工作：一是混炼温度对硫化胶性能的影响。试验表明：混炼温度在５０℃±５℃对硫化速度无明显影响，但随着混炼温度的升高，硫化２５ｍｉｎ的３００％定伸应力有升高趋势；二是硫化室温对硫化胶性能的影响。试验表明，室温对硫化胶影响不明显，但恢复时间Ｔ＿Ｒ的长短会直接影响硫化胶的物性，尤其对硫化２５ｍｉｎ的３００％定伸应力的影响是敏锐的，应引起足够重视；三是硫化时间对硫化胶性能的影响。试验推断Ｔ＿Ｂ的长短对硫化２５ｍｉｎ的３００％定伸应力的影响是举足轻重的，硫化时间（３５±２）ｍｉｎ对硫化胶性能影响不大；四是硫化温度对硫化胶性能的影响。试验指出，在１４５℃±１℃下，硫化２５ｍｉｎ的３００℃定伸应力相差３．３ＭＰａ，在１４５℃±０．５℃下，相差１．７ＭＰａ，由于差异会直接影响产品等级的判定，因此，国际标准规定硫化温度控制在１４５℃±０．５℃是十分必要的。     

炭黑混炼胶和白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶及Payne效应研究

研究天然橡胶(NR)/炭黑、NR/白炭黑、异戊橡胶(IR)/白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量和Payne效应。结果表明:随着二段混炼胶停放时间延长,炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量增大,Payne效应增强,硫化胶应力应变性能和动态性能等变化不明显;白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量增大,Payne效应基本不变,硫化胶定伸应力明显提高,动态性能有一定程度改善;白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量明显大于炭黑混炼胶。     

平衡硫化体系硫化天然橡胶的性能研究

对平衡硫化（ＥＣ）体系硫化天然橡胶（ＮＲ）的性能进行了研究，并与半有效硫化（ＳＥＶ）体系和传统硫化（ＣＶ）体系硫化ＮＲ进行了对比。结果表明，ＥＣ体系返原作用略高于ＳＥＶ体系，明显低于ＣＶ体系，硫化６ｈ时的返原率依次为７．７％，０．４％和３４．０％；与ＳＥＶ和ＣＶ体系相比，ＥＣ体系ＮＲ硫化胶拉伸强度、撕裂强度和３００％定伸应力高，生热低，耐磨性和耐屈挠性好。ＥＣ体系ＮＲ硫化胶的耐热氧老化性能优于ＳＥＶ体系，更优于ＣＶ体系。     

应用复合钴盐的胎圈钢丝胶配方的研制

应用复合钴盐粘合剂对各配合体系进行优选，研制出性能良好的胎圈钢丝胶配方。采用ＲＣ－Ｓ９．５的配方提高了硫化胶与钢丝的粘合力，粘合强度由５９９Ｎ·（５０ｍｍ）￣（－１）提高到９７１Ｎ·（５０ｍｍ）￣（－１）；硫化胶老化前压缩永久变形由４５％降至１２％；压缩疲劳生热由４４℃降至２８．２℃；混炼胶和硫化胶的喷霜现象也得以减少。     

硫化活性剂Z-311在轮胎胶料中的应用

研究了硫化活性剂Ｚ－３１１在轮胎胶料中的应用效果。试验结果表明,加入２份硫化活性剂Ｚ－３１１可以降低胶料的门尼粘主菜利一专科有效加料的加工性能,可提高硫化胶的３００％定伸应力和硬度,降低因特里奇生热,改善耐热老化性能,明显提高轮胎的成品性能,延长轮胎的使用寿命。     

俄罗斯异戊橡胶性能试验

以天然橡胶和我国稀土异戊橡胶为对比样，检测进口俄罗斯异戊橡胶的标准物性、基本性能和实用性能。结果表明，混炼行为和硫化胶耐热老化性较我国稀土异戊橡胶好，其它物性与之基本一致；混炼工艺性、硫化平坦性、耐热老化性、动态疲劳生热性比天然橡胶好，但混炼胶强度很低，硫化速度较慢，其它物性与天然橡胶基本相近；部分替代天然橡胶用于现轮胎生产用胶中，对胶料综合性能无不利影响。     

低相对分子质量反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯蜡在NR/SBR并用胶中的应用

该文将低相对分子质量反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯蜡（LMTPIW）代替芳烃油用于天然橡胶（NR）和丁苯橡胶（SBR）并用胶中,研究其对并用胶性能的影响。结果表明,用LMTPIW代替芳烃油用于NR／SBR并用胶中,操作方便,可改善混炼胶的加工性能,混炼胶的焦烧时间、正硫化时间有降低的趋势,硫化速率有增大的趋势,硫化交联程度随之下降。随着LMTPIW用量的增加,硫化胶的拉伸强度、邵A硬度有降低的趋势,300％定伸应力减少;拉断伸长率、压缩生热温升、压缩永久变形增大;撕裂强度和常温下回弹先增大后减少,硫化胶的屈挠疲劳性能明显提高,老化性能略有下降。加入LMTPIW后炭黑在混炼胶中的分散均匀程度得到改善。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。