管型对波动管热分层现象的影响分析

为分析评价压水堆核电厂稳压器波动管管型对热分层现象的影响,提出采用螺纹管来减弱热分层的措施。利用计算流体力学（CFD）分析方法,对升温、升压阶段波动管原型和改进模型的热分层现象进行数值模拟,得到两种模型不同波动流速下沿波动管轴线方向的截面最大温差分布以及流场分布。对比分析结果表明：波动管结构由光管改为螺纹管后流场紊动加强并出现涡流,冷热流体间的混合增强,与原型相比可使波动管的截面温差减小约1/3,从而有效地减弱热分层的影响。     

布置方式对波动管热分层现象的影响分析

为分析评价压水堆核电厂稳压器波动管的布置方式对热分层现象的影响,提出增加准水平段的倾角和在与主管道相连处增加一段竖直管段2种方案共6种布置方式.利用计算流体力学( CFD)分析方法,对采取不同布置方式的波动管的热分层现象进行数值模拟,得到每种布置方式的波动管在不同波动流速下的准水平段管道截面最大温差分布.对比分析结果表...     

压水堆稳压器波动管热分层的分析研究

热分层是管道水平管段中相对滞止或缓慢流动的冷、热流体因缺少混合而产生的不均匀温度分布现象.通过稳压器波动管热分层现象产生的原因和机理分析,并对稳压器波动管热分层现象进行数值模拟,建立了不同稳压器内部不同截面的热分层瞬态.     

稳压器波动管热分层应力及疲劳分析

稳压器波动管内流体的温度分层引起管壁温度分层,从而在管道截面产生整体弯曲应力、局部热应力以及管道系统超过预期的位移和支撑载荷.将稳压器波动管的热分层这种复杂的三维应力分析问题简化为一维和二维组合问题,利用SYSTUS程序和ROCOCO程序对秦山核电二期扩建工程稳压器波动管热分层的应力及疲劳进行了分析研究,计算了考虑热分...     

瞬态工况下压水堆稳压器波动管热分层现象数值模拟

利用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS/CFX,对秦山核电二期扩建工程2×650 MW压水堆核电站四号机组核岛厂房的稳压器波动管进行了三维全尺寸非稳态计算。建立了波动管整体和不同截面的热分层瞬态,对管内热分层流动与换热进行了研究。研究结果表明:同一截面内高温层流体和低温层流体的升温方式不同;不同截面位置的管内流动温度分布特性差别较大,但均呈现分层流体温差先增大后减小的趋势。计算结果可为后续波动管热应力分析及寿命评价提供一定基础。     

升功率工况下波动管热分层数值分析

以CPR1000稳压器波动管为研究对象,采用CFD方法,使用FLUENT软件,对反应堆功率增加瞬态工况下波动管热分层现象进行数值模拟研究,得到了波动管内热分层流体的流场和温度场分布,探讨了涡流效应对热分层分布的影响。结果表明：瞬态工况下波动管热分层与传统观念下的稳态热分层相比有很大不同,最显著的是T型三通区域,由于受到涡流效应的影响,流体热分层呈环形左右分布,而不再是稳态热分层的上下分布。本研究得到的瞬态工况下的温度分布结果可作为瞬态热应力分析的温度载荷,为后续的力学分析和疲劳分析奠定了基础。     

ADS铅铋自然循环热分层现象研究

为保障加速器驱动的次临界系统（ADS）的安全,采用计算流体力学分析方法,对ADS铅铋自然循环热分层现象进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：铅铋自然循环中,热分层最严重的区域存在于变温段,且在回路中热分层状态不同。回路温差较大时,流速提高,热分层现象较明显。回路管径较大时,流速降低,热分层现象不明显。流速较低时,局部区域热分层现象趋于消失;流速较大时,最大温差截面温差加大。     

稳压器波动管考虑热分层影响的疲劳分析

在核电厂中,稳压器波动管及波动管热段三通是保证核电厂反应堆冷却剂压力边界完整性的重要设备.其属于核安全1级设备,承受内压、自重、热胀、地震及各种正常加异常工况下的温度和压力瞬态,特别对于压水堆核电厂的波动管,还会承受热分层导致的总体和局部载荷.热分层现象的反复出现增加了管道及接管嘴处出现疲劳失效(贯穿管壁裂纹)的可能性.本文阐述了对波动管热分层实施温度测量的方案,及对测量结果的分析处理;建立分析热分层整体应力和局部应力,以及波动管疲劳分析的计算模型;确立合理且切实可行的波动管疲劳分析所需的分析瞬态.上述方法已在"300 MWe PWR NPP稳压器波动管热分层"课题研究得到鉴定,并在实际的寿命管理等工程项目中发挥了重要作用.     

稳压器波动管热分层应力强度可靠性分析

稳压器波动管热分层现象可能影响核电厂的安全运行。为了充分研究稳压器波动管几何、材料和热分层现象的随机性,准确地对波动管进行可靠性评估,将ANSYS程序和蒙特卡罗程序相结合的方法引入波动管热分层模型的计算中。以概率论为基础,利用ANSYS程序中的可靠性模块对波动管模型进行随机抽样分析,求出在一定置信度下的可靠度曲线,幵对输出随机变量的灵敏度和抽样过程进行了分析,求得对结果影响最大的因素。结果表明,计算模型可以有效地反映波动管热分层的实际情况,为波动管结构可靠性分析提供参考。     

基于运行数据的船用堆波动管热分层现象研究

基于运行数据将船用堆波动管热分层划分为升功率、降功率、变工况、小喷淋流量4类典型瞬态,对4类典型瞬态分别进行无量纲里查德森数（Ri）分析、瞬态工况数值模拟计算,得到波动管在4类典型瞬态下水平管段的热分层区间长度、持续时间和最大温差。结果表明,升功率和降功率瞬态热分层仅单次贯穿波动管,升功率瞬态的接头部位循环的热波动以及小喷淋流量瞬态水平段的长区间、长时间、大温差的热分层现象和变工况导致的热应力波动可能影响到波动管的安全。本文提出的基于运行数据的波动管热分层现象研究方法为后续热应力和热疲劳分析奠定了基础,同时可以为其他容积设备热分层研究提供参考。      

稳压器波动管热分层分析

为评价热分层对稳压器波动管结构完整性的影响,从理论上分析了稳压器波动管热分层发生的条件.以百万千瓦级三环路压水堆核电厂核反应堆启堆为例,建立了热分层瞬态,研究了热分层应力计算方法,从理论上将一个复杂的三维应力分析问题简化为一维和二维组合问题.结合ANSYS程序功能,提出了波动管热分层应力计算的工程方法.     

Fluid-structure interaction analysis for pressurizer surge line subjected to thermal stratification

Serious mechanical damages such as cracks and plastic deformations due to excessive thermal stress caused by thermal stratification have been experienced in several nuclear power plants. In particular, the thermal stratification in the pressurizer surge line has been addressed as one of the significant safety and technical issues. In this study, a detailed unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis involving conjugate heat transfer analysis is performed to obtain the transient temperature distributions in the wall of the pressurizer surge line subjected to stratified internal flows either during out-surge or in-surge operation. The thermal loads from CFD calculations are transferred to the structural analysis code which is employed for the thermal stress analysis to investigate the response characteristics, and the fatigue analysis is ultimately performed. In addition, the thermal stress and fatigue analysis results obtained by applying the realistic temperature distributions from CFD calculations are compared with those by assuming the simplified temperature distributions to identify some requirements for a realistic and conservative thermal stress analysis from a safety point of view.     

Stress analysis of a 900 MW pressurizer surge line including stratification effects

Following temperature monitoring programmes performed on 900 MW pressurized water reactor pressurizer surge lines, it has been reported that those lines are stratified in steady state, owing to their geometry. The highest temperature difference occurs during reactor heat-up and cool-down, reaching 110°C. Obviously, this phenomenon was not considered in nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) design transients and stress reports.Based on Electricité de France and FRAMATOME experiences, such as temperature measurements on site and mock-up, and thermal hydraulic computations, NSSS transients are updated. Stratification conditions are defined in different cross-sections of the line, using pressurizer temperature, hot leg temperature and flow rate, through the Froude number. A complete stress analysis of surge lines is performed including the updated transients and bending moment increase due to stratification. First of all different sensibility studies are carried out in order to simplify assumptions.Using a two-dimensional-one-dimensional method developed by FRAMATOME, the usage factor is then computed in different cross-sections, distinguishing upper and lower parts. In the presence of stratification, the surge line is subjected to thermal stresses following thermal shocks and to bending moment variation. These two load types are studied vs. time in order to reduce conservatism present in usual analyses.     

Numerical prediction of stratified pipe flows in PWRs

The phenomenon of thermal stratification has been analysed on the l'EXPRESS experimental facility representing the pressurizer surge line of a Framatome PWR. This experimental approach has allowed to characterize flow regimes for different operating conditions. A numerical simulation approach has been performed by the TRIO code. The measured fluid temperatures have been compared to calculated values. A first validation of the numerical simulation was realized by comparing steady state results to experimental values, the second one by comparing transient conditions. Also the stratification onset has been estimated and compared to the experiment. The numerical simulation has allowed to obtain a good prediction of the quantities representative of the thermal loading.     

Analysis of thermal stratification in the primary circuit of a VVER-440 reactor with the CFX code

The thermal stratification can lead an important role in the aging of the NPP piping because of the stresses caused by the temperature differences and the cyclic temperature changes. These stresses can limit the lifetime of the piping, or lead to penetrating cracks. For the stress analyses, the determination of the thermal hydraulic parameters of the stratified flow is necessary, which can be simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. The results of the simulation show the time development and the breaking up of the stratification and the temperature distribution of the stratified flow. The main difficulty of these CFD simulations is the uncertainty of the boundary conditions because of the unknown flow circumstances. In this paper, some results of CFX simulations are presented concerning the pressurizer surge line, and the injection pipe of the HPIS for VVER-440 type reactors.