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水资源的合理配置对喀什噶尔河流域未来社会经济发展有着非常重要意义。本文以喀什噶尔河流域水资源及开发利用现状为基础,针对喀什噶尔河流域用水总量实行限额供水的问题,分析了流域地表水-地下水资源的配置方案;有力地促进了水资源的可持续利用,对水资源严格管理的实现起到了促进作用。 相似文献
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供水水库优化模拟风险调度模式的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对水库调度过程中的风险问题,引入了供水水库调度的优化模拟风险管理模式.首先建立了供水水库群的优化调度模型,然后对度量风险的可靠性、脆弱性、回弹性、事故周期等指标作了论述.在此基础上,模拟水库调度过程中存在的风险,并通过模拟与优化的反馈机制,建立了供水水库优化模拟风险调度的总体模式. 相似文献
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Gustavious P. Williams Oliver Obregon E. James Nelson Woodruff Miller M. Brett Borup Caleb Buahin 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2014,19(4):293-305
This study compared the sensitivity of water quality in tropical Aguamilpa Reservoir, as represented by normalized algae mass and dissolved oxygen, to selected projected changes from global climate change and development. The sensitivity of reservoir stratification as an indicator of reservoir sensitivity also was analysed. Model simulations indicated the reservoir was more sensitive to changes during the warm‐dry season than at other times. Both indexes (normalized algal mass and dissolved oxygen mass) were more sensitive to changes in air temperature (climate change) and nitrogen loading (development) than to changes in flow. The sensitivity to air temperature was similar to, but generally less than, the sensitivity to nutrient inflow. At the bounding values for change (3 °C for temperature; 50% increase in nitrogen loading), the algae mass sensitivities were 0.15 mg L?1 per 3 °C and 0.2 mg L?1 per 50% nitrogen load increase, and the dissolved oxygen mass sensitivities were 0.7 mg L?1 per 3 °C and 2.0 mg L?1 per 50% load increase. Changes in air temperature and nitrogen loadings affect the reservoir in different ways, air temperature mostly changing the timing of the algal growth with little change in peak values, while nutrient loadings change the peak values with little change in the timing. While the sensitivities are similar, the total algal mass change is significantly larger for nitrogen loading, compared to air temperature changes. These results imply global climate change effects can be partially mitigated by implementing management measures in the surrounding watersheds to minimize nutrient inflows, especially nitrogen in the case of Aguamilpa Reservoir. 相似文献
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针对三座店水库与二道河子水库联合调度问题,采用单库调度图加联合调度规则法确定两水库联合供水规则,建立了两水库供水调度模型。通过粒子群算法优化该供水规则,并模拟两水库在该规则下的调度运行,将其结果与补偿调节规则对应结果进行对比,检验该调度规则的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
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针对梯级水库供水优化调度中模型目标的选择往往只重视综合效益的最大而无法协调各方面的利益,提出梯级水库优化调度与用水补偿相结合的思想,对用水削减方给予一定补偿。以冶峪河流域为研究对象,建立流域可供水量之和最大的多水源联合调度数学模型,采用蚁群算法,对模型进行求解,并根据流域实际分析用水削减方的用水补偿方案。结果表明:上游屯庄水库的运行,影响下游黑松林水库多年平均灌溉水量从1022.7万m3减少到851.2万m3,使黑松林水库灌区供水保证率减小了13.43%;而对下游灌区的用水补偿方案可以设定近期和远期两种补给方案后达到平衡。蚁群算法在研究梯级水库调度中计算速度快、收敛性好;水库调度与用水补偿相结合,可以最大限度地满足各部门用水需求,有效解决流域上下游和不同行政区之间的用水矛盾,为梯级水库供水优化调度提供了一种新的模式。 相似文献
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Francisco Osny Enéas da Silva Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho Daniele Costa da Silva 《国际水资源开发杂志》2013,29(4):622-635
This article examines the challenges and opportunities for developing rural water supply programs that can meet multiple sustainability criteria (including social, technical/administrative and environmental criteria) and can be replicated beyond individual communities. It draws lessons from a water supply development project in Northeast Brazil, identifying how environmental and community assessments, community engagement in planning, as well as training, capacity building and monitoring can help meet sustainability criteria. The article further explores how an institutionalized planning process and partnerships with public agencies and donors are integrated into the project design to support replicability. 相似文献
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水库供水发电多目标优化调度模型及应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了一种研究确定水库最优供水量的多目标水库优化调度数学模型,此模型以供水量最大和发电量最大为目标函数,考虑水量平衡、防洪、发电、航运及水库综合利用要求约束条件.提出一种交互式的求解方法对模型进行解算,此方法首先采用约束法,通过松驰供水量最大目标将多目标模型转换成多个单目标模型,在单目标模型中引入2个参数,用于调整模型的计算结果.对单目标模型,采用动态规划法求解,求得多目标模型的不劣解集.提出一个用于选择多目标最优解的决策偏好系数,对多目标模型的不劣解集进行对比分析,从而确定多目标模型的最优解.应用所提出的方法研究了广东省白盆珠水库的调度方案,提出了白盆珠水库的最优供水方案. 相似文献
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利用山区水库地势高、水量丰、水质好的优越条件,实现向城镇自压供水。根据田阳县城那音水库供水工程特点,对原设计方案进行优化,实现系统最佳投资经济效益。 相似文献
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水库群供水规则中蓄供水次序与调度图彼此影响,如何实现二者联合优化是供水调度的难点。为此,提出了供水水库群蓄供水次序与调度图双层优化方法。首先合理拟定不同蓄供水次序,其次求解各次序对应最优调度图,最后通过模拟调度比选最佳蓄供水次序与调度图组合。应用该方法对宝鸡峡灌区六库混联供水系统开展了实例研究。结果表明,若上游水库先蓄水且先供水或下游水库先蓄水且先供水均会增大灌区缺水率、降低供水空间公平性,最优蓄供水次序为上游水库先蓄水、下游水库先供水。较现状调度方案,采用最优蓄供水次序及对应调度图组合可有效缓解灌区缺水状况,缩小分区供水效益的差异。本方法为水库群蓄供水次序与调度图联合优化提供了可行途径。 相似文献
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Danielle Escudeiro De Oliveria Carla Ferragut Denise De Campos Bicudo 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2010,15(2):129-137
This study focused on evaluating the factors related to seasonal variations of periphyton biomass and nutrient content (N, P) in Garças Reservoir, a tropical, shallow hypereutrophic tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil that exhibits a permanent cyanobacteria bloom. Artificial substrata were placed in the subsurface water (20 cm) of the lake on a monthly basis (incubation time of 28 days) over a 1‐year period. Two limnological periods were characterized, including: (i) a period of decreased water clarity, higher levels of soluble reactive phosphorus and higher phytoplankton biomass; and (ii) a period of relatively higher water clarity (as measured by Secchi depth), higher nitrate concentration and lower phytoplankton biomass. The periphyton chlorophyll‐a levels were lower during the first period, being negatively correlated with phytoplankton biomass. The results of this study suggest that during the period of decreased water clarity, periphyton was primarily light‐limited. In contrast, the periphyton biomass was higher during the second period, regardless of P limitation of periphyton growth. Rehabilitation of this highly degraded tropical reservoir must consider the light regime, which is controlled by phytoplankton abundance. Thus, a reduction in the P loading to the lake should be considered to suppress its cyanobacterial blooms, thereby improving conditions for submerged macrophytes and the re‐establishment of periphyton. 相似文献
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为保障高盐度底泥水库供水氯离子质量浓度达标(小于250 mg/L),在水库闸门工程布置及水库正常运行期间对高盐度底泥这一氯离子释放源对水库水质的影响进行研究。以天津市北塘水库为例,针对水库闸门布置方案比选及水库在运行期间的水质咸化问题,考虑高盐度底泥氯离子释放,建立三维水动力水质模型进行数值模拟。结果表明:引水、供水闸门的空间布置直接影响供水水质,引水闸位于西南角同时开启3个供水闸的方案为较优方案,该方案下基本无死水区域,供水水质在供水8 d后达标;在水库静置期,底泥氯离子释放速率与底泥含盐量呈正相关,在最不利情况下,水库氯离子在底泥释放55 d后浓度超标。 相似文献
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Nutrient dynamics at the water–sediment interface in the Suma Park Reservoir, Australia, was assessed under simulated laboratory conditions using intact sediment cores. This laboratory experiment demonstrated that the nutrient influx between the sediment and the water column, in both oxic and anoxic environments, contributed substantially to the total nutrient budget and overall recycling of the biologically available nutrients in the reservoir. This study also confirmed that the bottom sediments act as a source of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) and filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), but function as a sink for nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N). Extrapolation of the experiment data revealed that the highest nutrient flux was obtained under a summer‐anoxic incubation, with the internal loads of FRP and NH4‐N accounting for ≈ 365% and 338% of their external annual loads, respectively. The internal loss of NO3‐N from the summer anoxic incubation was ≈ 7% of its external annual load. The temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration were the most important factors influencing the nutrient flux and internal loading. Denitrification was believed to be an eminent route of nitrate loss from the reservoir. 相似文献
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Paulo Roberto Saraiva Cavalcante Maria do Socorro Rodrigues Marcel Felipe Sousa Barroso Ricardo Barbieri Carmen Lúcia Martins Serra Rosana Carla Alves Oliveira 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2007,12(1):35-42
The diel variation of limnological parameters, measured in Boa Esperança Reservoir, Brazil during the rainy period, exhibited small temperature gradients characterized by an increase in temperature by midday, followed by a partial homogenization of the water column in the night and the early morning. The result was an increase in the epilimnion to a depth of 17 m. The pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations showed higher values at the surface, with the occurrence of anomalies (concentrations higher than at the surface) of the latter variable in the epilimnion, probably as a result of the activity of primary producers and/or losses of oxygen to the atmosphere. The chemical forms of iron in the reservoir exhibited increasing concentrations with depth, as a result of an increase in the concentration of seston and/or accentuated reduction of the levels of oxygen in the bottom layers. The reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in the bottom water layers in the reservoir, in addition to the primary production process in the epilimnion, could explain the increased phosphorus in the bottom water layer. The concentrations of nitrogen compounds did not exhibit relevant changes or a defined evolution profile, except for nitrate, which showed an outstanding increase in the bottom water layers, suggesting it could be an important nitrogen source for primary producers. Although not unequivocal, these data suggest that ecosystem instability in Boa Esperança Reservoir is the product of short diel thermal variations, and the reduced input of allochthonous materials and nutrients from local catchment. These conditions guarantee the oligotrophic status of Boa Esperança Reservoir for the present time. 相似文献
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Adriane M. Pimenta Edélti F. Albertoni Cleber Palma‐Silva 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2012,17(4):243-251
The construction of large reservoirs can cause profound environmental changes. Reduced water flow, increased water residence time, thermal stratification, increased sedimentation rates and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations are examples of such changes. These changes can affect water quality and the biota in the environments adapted to the natural conditions of a river. Small reservoirs developed in conjunction with hydropower plants, however, could reduce the degraded water quality. This study focuses on characterizing water quality in a small hydroelectric reservoir. The study reservoir has an area of 1.4 km2 and a short water retention time. The Monte Claro Hydroelectric Power Plant is part of a complex consisting of three plants on the Antas River in the north‐west of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The reservoirs associated with these plants are operated as run‐of‐the‐river facilities. Monitoring results obtained by CERAN, the Energetic Company of Antas River (Companhia Energética Rio das Antas), were used to evaluate the reservoir water quality. Three samples were collected seasonally (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in the area of influence of this plant following the filling of the reservoir (2005–2008). The examined water quality parameters were electrical conductivity, colour, turbidity, alkalinity, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, suspended and dissolved solids, chlorophyll‐a, total and faecal coliforms, water temperature and Secchi depth transparency. The results were interpreted using an index of water quality, Trophic State Index, reservoir water quality and CONAMA Regulation 357/05 (Brazilian legislation). Based on these analyses, no significant changes were exhibited in the water quality of the reservoir from the hydroelectric plant operation. 相似文献
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A methodology and computational model for evaluation and optimization of dam operations in multi‐reservoir river systems is presented. The optimal dam operation scheme was defined as that which minimizes unnatural water level fluctuations during low flow periods, subject to the maintenance of desired stages within the river network, desired storage levels in the reservoirs, and bounds on releases from dams. The dam operation problem was solved using a discrete‐time optimal control methodology in which a genetic algorithm was interfaced with an existing, unsteady, one‐dimensional hydraulic simulation model known as FLDWAV. The hydraulic simulation model was used to solve governing hydraulic constraints, while the genetic algorithm was employed to solve the overall control problem. Constraints on water surface and storage levels were handled using an Additive Penalty Method. Two types of objective functions, absolute water surface deviation and rate of water surface fluctuation, were considered and their results were compared. Capabilities of the overall model were demonstrated through applications to a hypothetical three‐reservoir river system and a portion of the Illinois River Waterway, for which the hydraulic simulation model was calibrated and verified. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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An investigation of the water chemistry and phytoplankton bloom formation characteristics of a seasonal earthen pond located in the Alappuzha District, Kerala (India) was carried out during November 2011 to May 2012. Twelve important physico‐chemical parameters (temperature, Secchi disc transparency, pH, electrical conductivity EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia‐nitrogen, nitrite‐nitrogen, nitrate‐nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved iron and chlorophyll a related to phytoplankton growth in the pond were the focus of the present study. Chlorophyll a was used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass. The pond developed subsurface phytoplankton blooms of Chlorella vulgaris, Aphanothece sp., Leptosira sp., Lepocinclis globulus and Lepocinclis fusiformis. Visible scums of Lepocinclis globulus and Euglena proxima was also observed during March 2012. Principal component analysis was performed to understand the biochemical processes in the pond ecosystem leading to the Euglena spp. bloom. 相似文献