改性PAN纤维铁配合物暗态催化偶氮染料降解反应

利用偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈（PAN）纤维和三氯化铁的配位反应制备改性PAN纤维铁配合物（Fe-AO-PAN）,然后将其作为非均相Fenton反应催化剂应用于不同结构偶氮染料的降解反应中,重点考察Fe-AO-PAN的添加量（M）和铁离子含量（CFe-PAN）与暗态时染料的脱色率（D）和初始反应速率常数（k）之间的关系。此外还研究了暗态时偶氮染料的降解反应过程以及无机盐的影响。结果表明：Fe-AO-PAN暗态时能够催化偶氮染料的降解,并且使活性染料的k值明显高于酸性染料;暗态时Fe-AO-PAN的M和CFe-PAN与染料降解反应50min时的D和k值之间存在着线性关系,可通过定量增加Fe-AO-PAN的M和CFe-PAN来促进暗态时染料的降解反应,达到其在辐射光时的降解效果。     

Isolation and characterization of Aeromonas sp. B-5 capable of decolorizing various dyes

Aeromonas sp. B-5, which has the ability to decolorize azo dyes, was isolated from soil. Aeromonas sp. B-5 completely decolorized 100 mg/l of Bordeaux S by reductive cleavage of azo bonds under static conditions in 24 h. Though the decolorization of Bordeaux S by Aeromonas sp. B-5 was suppressed under shaking, rapid decolorization was observed when the culture was changed to static conditions after cultivation with shaking. The indigoid dye, Acid blue 74, was decolorized by Aeromonas sp. B-5 under shaking conditions, in contrast to the decolorization of azo dyes.     

欧洲的纺织生物技术--废水中染料的微生物降解

传统的、以无控微生物活性为基础的物理化学凝絮方法不足以清除纺织废水中的偶氮染料。有必要通过厌氧和好氧处理来将偶氮染料还原为芳香胺，然后将胺矿化。研究人员在筛选适用于废水脱色的酶方面进行了大量研究。他们对微生物酶，如偶氮还原酶（azoreductase）、过氧化氢过氧化物酶（catalase-peroxidase）和漆酶（laccase）进行研究，以确定能优化工艺效率的动力参数。使用商品或固定化漆酶对含活性染料的废水进行脱色，通过水的循环利用达到节能、节水的目的。欧洲许多国家已经安装了采用包括微生物技术在内的综合技术废水处理中试设备与商业化设备。     

Biological treatment of azo dyes on effluent by Neurospora sp isolated and adopted from dye contaminated site

Abstract

Application of fungal agents to develop eco-friendly and cost-effective dye removal from textile effluent was studied. A fungal strain Neurospora sp has been isolated from effluent site and tested for its ability to biosorption and biodegrade azodyes. Biosorption of azo dyes by live and dead fungal biomass was evaluated. Percentage of decolorization was found to be effective against all tested azodyes and ranges between 33 and 76%. Nearly 72% of azo dyes were removed by dead Neurospora sp biomass and 86% respectively by live active biomass. Biodegradation of textile effluent by Neurospora sp showed changes in BOD, COD and TOC indicates that isolated Neurospora sp effectively degrade and utilize the dye as a sole carbon source. The initial TOC of 2600?mg/L was approximately reduced to almost its three fourth within a week. Research works on application of fungal biomass on textile effluent treatment have proven decolorizing potential among a wide range of anionic and cationic dyes. Based on the results, the biosorption mechanism by Neurospora sp was observed as effective, economic and eco-friendly decontaminant.     

海泡石在印染废水生物脱色中的作用

为提高印染废水的脱色效果,提出一种用于染料脱色菌固定化的载体海泡石,并对酸性红B染料进行脱色研究。研究海泡石活化温度、脱色pH值、温度和菌浓度对脱色率的影响。优化最佳的固定化和脱色条件:活化温度400℃,脱色时间72 h、33℃、pH值为7.0、菌量为2%,对酸性红B脱色率达到91.5%。结果表明:当染料质量浓度低于100 mg/L时,固定于海泡石的脱色菌比游离悬浮菌对印染废水的脱色效果好。     

A/O MBR组合工艺处理活性染料废水

印染废水组分复杂,含乙烯砜基活性基团的活性染料为生物难降解染料。采用厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合工艺(A/O MBR)处理含活性染料的废水,研究A/O MBR对三种活性染料模拟废水的降解特性。结果表明,组合工艺对不同结构活性染料色度的去除效率为:偶氮类>酞菁类>蒽醌类;组合工艺对不同染料的CODCr去除率影响不大;偶氮类染料主要在厌氧条件下脱色;铜酞菁类染料的降解过程主要发生在好氧过程。     

Effects of photocatalysis on biological decolorization reactor and biological activity of isolated photosynthetic bacteria

In the treatment of synthetic dye wastewater by photosynthetic bacteria under optical irradiation, excessive algal growth and adhesion on the wall of the reactor has been a severe problem. A laboratory scale flow-through model reactor with thin film photocatalysis for improving the efficiency of optical irradiation and controlling algal adhesion is presented. The system showed the efficiency of continuous biodegradation of dye was improved significantly by thin film photocatalysis. Moreover, the effects of photocatalysis on the color removal activity and the growth of isolated photosynthetic bacteria were investigated in batch experiment. Although photocatalytic reactions of TiO2 could inhibit the growth of isolated photosynthetic bacteria, the negative effects of photocatalysis on photosynthetic bacterial growth and decolorant activity were negligible under UV+FL irradiation. These results implicate the possibility of using thin film photocatalysis for controlling algal adhesion and enhancing the decolorant efficiency of photosynthetic bacteria.     

脱色絮凝剂DFA的合成及其脱色性能

以双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铵为主要原料合成脱色絮凝剂DFA。研究了其对含活性、直接和分散染料废水的脱色效果，考察了DFA投加量、染液pH值、染料浓度等因素对脱色效果的影响。试验结果表明，絮凝剂DFA对各类染料废水各存在最佳投加量，其用量次序为分散染料〈直接染料〈活性染料。废水溶液呈弱酸性及中性时，DFA的脱色效果较好。对不同浓度的染料废水，DFA的最佳脱色率均能达到99％以上。     

偶氮染料废水厌氧生物脱色强化

针对偶氮染料废水的生物降解难题,通过对比投加不同浓度的电子供体（葡萄糖）和氧化还原介体（RM）蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠盐和活性炭对偶氮染料的厌氧生物脱色效果的影响,探究增强偶氮染料厌氧生物脱色的条件。结果表明,投加电子供体或RM均可有效强化偶氮染料废水厌氧生物脱色：投加300 mg/L葡萄糖时脱色率可高达53.35%,投加200 mmol/L蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠盐时脱色率为34.59%,与投加0.6 g/L的活性炭的脱色率（35.26%）相当;投加葡萄糖时0~24 h的脱色速率最快为1.47%/h,36 h脱色效率接近最大值为46.49%;投加蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠盐时0~12 h的脱色速率最快为1.03%/h,60h脱色效率接近最大值为33.30%;投加活性炭时0~30 h的脱色速率最快为0.79%/h,60 h脱色效率接近最大值为33.65%。     

偶氮染料光助还原脱色反应机理的研究

选择7种水溶性阴离子偶氮染料为目标染料,使用基于硼氢化钾/重亚硫酸钠体系的还原脱色剂对其进行光助还原脱色反应,并以紫外可见光谱法对其反应机理进行了分析,考察了还原脱色剂浓度和光辐射强度对其反应机理的影响。并借助联苯胺类直接染料,通过其还原生成物氧化后的光谱测定,表征了染料还原反应生成的联苯胺。结果表明,在此类还原脱色剂作用下,偶氮染料首先被还原为中间产物氢化偶氮,并且还原脱色剂浓度的提高和光辐射强度的增加都能促进偶氮染料的还原脱色反应。还原反应生成联苯胺的鉴定证实反应体系中偶氮染料能够被进一步还原为芳香胺。     

负载银纳米TiO2光催化活性染色废水的脱色

采用负载银纳米TiO2光催化对活性艳红K-2BP染料废水脱色，分析了不同光照时间、不同染料浓度、不同pH值下的光催化脱色效果。试验结果表明，负载银纳米TiO2对活性艳红K-2BP染料废水的光催化是可行的；低浓度染色废水的脱色率较高；pH值对光催化脱色影响很大。     

菌株XC6对10种染料的生物脱色作用

研究了菌株XC6对直接、分散、活性、酸性和碱性5大类染料的脱色性能。结果表明，最易脱色的为分散、直接和酸性染料，最难脱色的为碱性染料阳离子黄；而对于活性染料，有些极易脱色，有些却很难脱色。说明染料在生长茵体上的脱色取决于染料的结构与性质。对其脱色机理进行了初探。结果表明，菌株XC6在脱色过程中，染料先被吸附到茵体表面，然后富集到茵体内，在酶的作用下降解；活性绿还与机体内的某些成分发生反应。     

酞菁负载纤维素纤维对活性染料的氧化脱色

 为解决染料废水污染日益严重的问题,将钴酞菁负载到纤维素纤维上制备非均相催化剂钴酞菁/纤维素纤维(Co-TDTAPc-F),采用紫外可见光谱仪研究该非均相催化剂对6种不同结构活性染料的氧化脱色性能。结果表明:Co-TDTAPc-F对6种染料有一定的富集作用,而Co-TDTAPc-F/H2O2体系能有效地对这6种染料进行氧化脱色,而且反应60 min后染料的脱色率均超过85%,同时发现染料分子结构中含有的磺酸基数量、染料对纤维的直接性均会影响染料的脱色效果。     

铁改性聚丙烯腈纳微米纤维催化剂在偶氮染料降解中的应用

利用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维,应用偕胺肟改性PAN纳米纤维（AO-n-PAN）与FeCl3反应得到PAN纳米纤维铁配合物（Fe-AO-n-PAN）,并使用SEM和FTIR对其进行表征。最后将Fe-AO-n-PAN作为非均相光催化剂应用于偶氮染料C.I.活性红195（RR 195）的氧化降解反应中;考察催化剂中铁离子含量（QFe-PAN）,辐射光强度和H2O2初始浓度等因素对其催化活性的影响,并使用紫外可见光谱和总有机碳（TOC）对染料的氧化降解反应进行分析。结果表明：AO-n-PAN中的偕胺肟基团与铁离子发生配位反应,增加AO-n-PAN中的偕胺肟基团数目能制备出高QFe-PAN的Fe-AO-n-PAN。Fe-AO-n-PAN中QFe-PAN的增加和辐射光强度的增大都可以显著提高RR 195的降解速率,当H2O2为3.0 mmol/L时Fe-AO-n-PAN催化活性较高。Fe-AO-n-PAN不仅对染料分子中的偶氮键和芳香环结构具有催化作用,而且还能够使其转化为无机物。     

用于印染废水处理的改性絮凝剂合成及其脱色性能

为提高环氧氯丙烷胺型絮凝剂的脱色性能,以二乙烯三胺为交联改性剂,环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺为原料合成改性的环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺型絮凝剂,并用于活性红X-3B模拟染料废水脱色絮凝实验。研究了投料比、反应温度、水温、pH值、染料质量浓度和絮凝剂投入量等因素对絮凝剂脱色性能的影响,探讨了与聚丙烯酰胺复配使用情况。得到改性絮凝剂制备优化条件：环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺、二乙烯三胺的量比为1∶0.95∶0.05,反应温度为90℃。同时,得到絮凝脱色的优化条件：水温为20℃,pH值为4,染料质量浓度为200 mg/L,絮凝剂投入量为125 mg/L;在此脱色优化条件下,改性絮凝剂对染料废水的脱色率达到91.0%。研究结果表明：改性絮凝剂比未改性絮凝剂有更好的脱色效果;改性剂提高了改性絮凝剂的电中和作用和架桥网捕作用;与聚丙烯酰胺的复配提高改性絮凝剂的脱色性能和耐盐性。     

粘胶基沸石咪唑骨架材料的制备及其对染料的脱色

为提高沸石咪唑骨架材料(ZIF-8)对染料的脱色性能,以粘胶织物为基材,在其表面负载氧化石墨烯,再原位生长ZIF-8得到氧化石墨烯/ZIF-8粘胶基功能材料,然后还原得到还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/ZIF-8功能材料.借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪等对功能材料进行表征,分析其在不同光源下对活性黑KN-...     

一色齿毛菌对直接大红4BS染料的脱色

为避免染料废水处理造成二次污染,采用生物法对直接染料进行脱色处理,通过观察接种一色齿毛菌后染料固体培养基颜色的变化,评价一色齿毛菌对5种直接染料的脱色效果;利用单因素和正交试验对一色齿毛菌脱色直接大红4BS的条件进行优化,得到优化条件:葡萄糖质量浓度为20 g/L,硝酸铵质量浓度为1 g/L,硫酸镁浓度为1.5 mmol/L,每50 mL反应体系接菌量为2片(直径为1 cm)。结果表明:一色齿毛菌对5种直接染料均有脱色能力,其中对直接大红4BS染料的脱色更为彻底;在优化条件下,一色齿毛菌对直接大红4BS脱色13 d时的脱色率达92.00%, 与优化前的脱色率相比提高了50.82%。     

Controlling algal growth in photo-dependent decolorant sludge by photocatalysis

In the treatment of synthetic dye wastewater by photosynthetic bacteria under optical irradiation, excessive algal growth and adhesion on the walls of the reactor are serious problems. The adverse effects of excessive algal growth on photosynthetic bacterial activity are significantly greater than those of the decreased optical irradiation of the solution. In this report, we investigated the effects of photocatalysis on the growth of algae (Chroococcus sp.) and photosynthetic bacteria. The different sensitivities of Chroococcus sp. and photosynthetic bacteria to photocatalysis were observed by an ATP assay. Moreover, from microscopy findings, some algae were damaged by TiO2 with UV. We suggested that some algae suffered from membrane damage and consequently cell substances were released, resulting in the increase of dissolved material following treatment using TiO2 with UV.     

Fenton degradation of organic compounds promoted by dyes under visible irradiation

The influence of dyes on the Fenton reaction of organic compounds under visible irradiation (lambda > 450 nm) was examined. It was found that the presence of dyes could accelerate greatly the Fenton reaction of organic compounds such as salicylic acid, sodium benzenesulfonate, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and trichloroacetic acid under visible irradiation and that a complete mineralization of those compounds could also be achieved. The dyes such as Alizarin Violet 3B which has an anthraquinone structure unit showed much more significant effect on the reaction than the dyes such as malachite green without the quinone unit. A reaction mechanism of dye AV as a cocatalyst in the photo-Fenton reaction of organic compounds under visible irradiation is proposed based on the cycle of Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) catalyzed by quinone species and an electron transfer from the excited dye molecule to Fe3+.     

纳米TiO2光催化氧化处理直接耐晒翠蓝染色废液

采用纳米级TiO2悬浮法光催化氧化处理直接耐晒翠蓝染液，讨论pH值、催化剂用量、染料浓度和脱色时间等因素对脱色与降解的影响。试验发现，纳米TiO2对染料的脱色效率高，降解彻底，是一种很有前途的印染废水处理方法。