摇摆工况下椭圆轴承转子系统动力学特性研究

倾斜摇摆工况下,不仅轴承承受载荷随时间变化,而且轴承动特性参数也发生变化,这必然会影响轴承支撑的转子系统的安全性与稳定性分析结果。仅通过稳态分析难以保证支撑轴承自身的安全性和可靠性以及转子轴承系统的稳定性。基于轴承刚度和阻尼的分段线性化假设,建立不同横摇角度的转子轴承模型,用某大学润滑理论与轴承研究所开发的转子轴承系统动力学分析软件DLAP(Dynamic Lubrication Analysis Program),耦合求解椭圆轴承转子系统动力学模型,采用特征值和特征向量,稳定性分析、不平衡响应分析以及瞬态动力学分析等手段,详细研究了转子轴承系统的稳定性和安全性,并与正常工况下轴系的动力学特性对比,最终得出摇摆工况下椭圆轴承支撑的转子系统的动力学特性。     

自适应平衡梁轴承的均载能力及影响因素研究

针对高可靠性立式轴系可倾瓦推力轴承在轴线倾斜下的均载问题,研究自适应结构平衡梁支撑推力轴承的均载能力及影响因素;建立平衡梁组件的自适应动力学模型,给出轴线倾斜下考虑平衡梁弯曲变形的轴承系统耦合模型,并提出采用不均匀系数表征轴承的均载能力;基于模型分析工况参数和结构参数对轴承均载能力的影响,结果表明:平衡梁结构的均载能力并不是完全均载,轴承均载能力随着轴承载荷和轴线倾角的增大而减弱;推力瓦支点半径对轴承均载能力有较大影响,而连接圆柱体半径和下平衡梁支撑圆柱半径对瓦块载荷分布影响较小;对于立式轴系,合理控制轴线倾角可提高推力轴承的均载能力及轴系服役性能。     

柔性支承可倾瓦滑动轴承油膜动力减振特性分析

将传统可倾瓦的机械刚性支点改进为液压支撑,提出一种主动减振可倾瓦轴承——柔性支承可倾瓦轴承。基于有限差分法提出一种新的轴颈中心平衡位置迭代计算方法,通过MatLab编程计算轴承平衡状态的动态特性参数;建立柔性支承可倾瓦轴承内外部油膜等效质量弹簧阻尼系统动力学模型,并对柔性支承可倾瓦轴承-转子系统的稳态及瞬态响应等减振特性进行仿真分析。研究结果表明:双层油膜轴承综合支承刚度小于单层油膜轴承支承刚度,综合支承阻尼在一定条件下会大于单层油膜系统支承阻尼;相比单层油膜轴承,柔性支承可倾瓦在满足一定条件下具有良好的减振特性。     

滚动轴承-转子系统动力学特性分析

在滚动轴承动力学和转子动力学基础上,建立滚动轴承-转子系统非线性动力学分析模型,采用New-mark-β积分法和Newton-Raphson迭代法对轴承-转子系统非线性动力学微分方程进行求解,对轴承结构参数和工况参数与轴承-转子系统动力学特性关系进行分析,分析结果表明:系统中转子的转动频率始终存在,支承轴承的变刚度频率随着轴承结构参数和系统工况参数的不同而出现或消失;支承轴承内、外沟曲率半径系数的变化不改变系统中已存在的振动频率成分;系统的非线性特性随轴承钢球个数、预紧力的增加而减弱,随径向载荷的增大而增强;存在一个最佳转速区间,在此区间内,系统的非线性特性较弱。     

表面织构对错位瓦轴承静动特性的影响

为研究表面织构对错位瓦轴承的静动特性的影响,在错位瓦轴承表面制备几何形状为半正弦波、矩形、三角形的表面织构,建立表面织构错位瓦轴承的流体动力学润滑模型,采用有限细胞算法求解雷诺方程和能量方程,得到错位瓦轴承的关键静动特性参数,对比有无表面织构情况下的最小油膜厚度、最大油膜压力、温升、功耗和流量、刚度和阻尼等参数。结果表明:相对于光滑表面,织构增加了流量和最大油膜压力,降低了温升,减小了最小油膜厚度,同时使临界质量有所降低;在定载荷及不同转速工况下矩形织构性能最优,其最小油膜厚度最小,最大油膜压力和临界质量最大,正弦织构性能次之,三角形织构性能最差;在定转速及不同转速工况下,矩形织构轴承承载能力最大,正弦织构次之,三角形织构最小,但三角形织构临界质量最大,轴承稳定性最好。     

考虑轴颈与轴瓦耦合运动的可倾瓦轴承完整动力学模型的研究

从单块瓦与轴颈组成的子系统在整体坐标系和局部坐标系中的几何关系入手,建立考虑轴颈与瓦块耦合运动的可倾瓦轴承的完整动力学模型。在局部坐标系中,采用二维有限元方法求解油膜力和动力特性系数,通过坐标变换叠加到整体坐标系中从而得到可倾瓦轴承动力特性系数的解析表达式,结合Newton-Raphson迭代法计算给定载荷工况下的轴承的静平衡位置。通过2个计算实例证明提出方法的正确性,同时通过与传统折合动力学模型计算结果的比较,证明可倾瓦非本质稳定的结论。     

基于流固耦合的离心压缩机轴系振动特性分析

为探究滑动轴承结构参数对离心压缩机轴系振动特性的影响规律,以某型离心压缩机轴承-转子系统为研究对象,首先采用多参考系模型、mixture两相流模型、liner层流模型以及UDF程序,利用隐式耦合求解法对考虑黏温特性的滑动轴承油膜流场进行求解,得到油膜流场压力分布进而对转子系统进行了单向稳态流固耦合分析,探究了轴承间隙比、宽径比对轴系振动特性的影响规律。结果表明：(1)油膜压力随轴承间隙比的增大而减小;临界转速随轴承间隙比的增大而小幅度减小,最大降幅为0.89%;轴系稳定性随间隙比增大呈现先减后增的变化趋势,研究轴系在间隙比为0.0014处稳定性最好。(2)油膜压力随轴承宽径比的增大而增大;临界转速随轴承宽径比的增大而增大,最大增幅为6.9%;轴系稳定性并未随轴承宽径比的增大而呈现规律性变化,研究轴系在宽径比为0.8处稳定性最佳。因此,轴承结构参数对轴系振动特性的影响并非是完全规律性的,我们需要根据旋转机械的实际工况选择合适的轴承结构参数。     

主动磁轴承转子系统动力学特性的研究

以电磁轴承支承下的高速转子系统为分析对象,以传统的转子动力学分析理论和方法为基础,结合电磁轴承系统分析理论和方法,研究电磁轴承支承条件下转子系统的动力学特性。应用基于系统传递函数的刚度、阻尼特性分析理论和方法,建立用于分析电磁轴承转子系统动力学特性的理论和方法。并对一个实用型１５０ｍ３制氧透平膨胀机样机的研制和试验进行指导和结果验证。     

ISFD抑制密封-转子系统流体激振的实验研究

为了改善密封-转子系统流体激振问题,提出了一种结构新颖的整体式挤压油膜阻尼器(ISFD).基于ISFD建立了密封-转子系统的动力学模型,并搭建了该系统的实验台,探究了ISFD对转子动力学特性的影响规律;对比了一定工况条件下,刚性支承和ISFD支承密封-转子系统的振动幅值变化;分别开展了不同转速和不同偏心率条件下,密封-...     

箔片动压气体轴承转子系统动态特性试验研究

在箔片动压气体轴承的润滑分析模型和动态特性数学模型基础上,结合牛顿力学方程,建立箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统动力学方程,并研究其刚度和阻尼系数的计算方法;试验测量箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统的振动及速度,计算其刚度和阻尼系数;结合图谱法分析箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统在升速过程中的线性失稳和非线性失稳现象,研究转速对其刚度和阻尼系数的影响规律。结果表明：箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统主刚度系数整体随着转速的升高而增大,而交叉刚度整体随着转速的增加而减小且变化趋势相对较为平缓;阻尼系数整体随转速的提高而减小;系统自身阻尼抑制了扰动和低频能量的聚集,避免了箔片振动发生,从而有效地提高了系统运行的稳定性。提出的动态特性系数计算方法结合气体润滑理论与动力学模型,并结合试验测试,可以有效地获得轴承-转子系统的动态特性。     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of rub-impact rotor supported by turbulent journal bearings with non-linear suspension

This study presents a dynamic analysis of a rub-impact rotor supported by two turbulent model journal bearings with non-linear suspension. The dynamics of the rotor center and bearing center are studied. The analysis of the rotor-bearing system is investigated under the assumptions of turbulent lubricant flow and a short bearing approximation. The spatial displacements in the horizontal and vertical directions are considered for various non-dimensional speed ratios and dimensionless unbalance parameter. The numerical results show that the stability of the system varies with the non-dimensional speed ratios and the non-dimensional unbalance parameters. The contribution of this study is to provide a further understanding of the characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the rotor-bearing system.     

高速转子-轴承系统油膜涡动故障仿真研究

针对滑动轴承支撑下的转子轴承系统,建立了非线性油膜力作用下的转子轴承系统的动力学模型.应用非线性动力学理论对该系统进行了研究,应用数值积分方法得到系统的响应,利用幅频曲线、分岔图、三维谱图研究系统响应随偏心距的变化规律.为有效诊断滑动轴承支撑下的转子油膜涡动故障提供了理论依据.     

Dynamic characteristics of multi-degrees of freedom system rotor-bearing system with coupling faults of rub-impact and crack

Extensive studies on rotor systems with single or coupled multiple faults have been carried out. However these studies are limited to single-span rotor systems. A finite element model for a complex rotor-bearing system with coupled faults is presented. The dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing system are obtained by using the rotor dynamics theory and the modern nonlinear dynamics theory in connection with the continuation-shooting algorithm（commonly used for obtaining a periodic solution for a nonlinear system） for a range of rub-impact clearances and crack depths. The stability and Hopf instability of the periodic motion of the rotor-bearing system with coupled faults are analyzed by using the procedure described. The results indicate that the finite element method is an effective way for determining the dynamic responses of such complex rotor-bearing systems. Further for a rotor system with rub-impact and crack faults, the influences of the clearances are significantly different for different rub-impact stiffness. On the contrary, the influence of crack depths is rather small. The instability speeds of the rotor-bearing system increase due to the presence of the crack fault. The results obtained using the new finite element model, presented for computation and analysis of dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing systems with coupled faults, are in accordance with measurements in experiment. The formulations given can be used for diagnosis of faults, vibration control, and safe and stable operations of real rotor-bearing systems.     

超大型环件径轴向轧制过程偏移机理及自适应模糊控制方法研究

超大型环件径轴向轧制过程容易产生偏移,影响环件轧制稳定性和成形质量。为研究环件偏移机理及其控制方法,分析了轴向孔型滑移区中前滑区和后滑区的分布变化规律,建立了理想情况下不产生环件偏移时锥辊旋转运动学条件,获得了滑移区的最优速度匹配系数。此外,从历史轧制数据中归纳人工控制经验后提出了基于锥辊转速自适应模糊调节的环心偏移量控制方法,基于ABAQUS软件和VUAMP子程序开发,建立了集成有环心偏移量模糊控制算法的?10 m超大型环件径轴向轧制有限元模型,研究了采用最优速度匹配系数的常规控制和自适应模糊控制下的环心偏移量变化规律。结果表明,自适应模糊控制下的平均环心偏移量相比于常规控制降低了72.4%,仿真结果和试验数据均验证了所提超大型环件轧制过程偏移自适应模糊控制方法的有效性。     

高速转子-轴承系统的复杂动力学行为研究

在高速旋转机械的故障诊断研究中,实际转子系统具有复杂的非线性动力学特性,为此,基于非线性转子动力学理论建立高速泵转子系统动力学有限元模型,研究了非线性油膜力作用下的轴承阻尼扣刚度确定方法,分析了陀螺力矩和滑动轴承油膜力作用等因素对转子系统动力学特性的影响,研究了转速、偏心距和轴段直径等因素对转子系统不平衡响应的影响,为工程实际应用中的转子轴承系统的优化设计、故障诊断、振动控制等提供了理论依据.     

Influence of the Mechanical Seals on the Dynamic Performance of Rotor-Bearing Systems

In this paper, to consider the effects of mechanical seals, a lumped-mass model and the transfer matrix method are used to establish the equations for the dynamics performance of rotor-bearing system. The general inverted iteration method is also used to solve the eigenvalue problem of these equations. To check the response of the rotor-bearing system under unbalance motivation, the Gauss method is used to calculate the dynamic response of the constrained vibration. The results, based on the dynamic properties calculation of a typical mechanical spiral seal, such as stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients, exert the influence of the mechanical seal on the rotor-bearing system of the high-speed machinery. Meanwhile, some structure parameters that may affect the dynamic performance and forced vibration under unbalance motivation of the rotor-bearing system considering mechanical seals are analyzed in the paper. The analysis results show that the mechanical seal more or less has effects on the rotor-bearing system. The mechanical seal has much more effects on the flexible rotor-bearing system than on the rigid one. For instance, in a certain case, if the effects of the mechanical seal were taken into account, the systems critical speed may increase by 70–80%. Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2004, 38(7)     

涡轮泵流体静压轴承设计及性能特性分析

针对流体静压轴承在液体火箭发动机涡轮泵中的设计和应用,以现有的滚动轴承支承的涡轮泵转子为应用对象,提出流体静压轴承的参数设计思路,采用粒子群优化算法设计得到支承刚度最大化的轴承结构参数组合,并计算分析所设计轴承的性能以及轴承-转子系统的动力学特性。分析表明：优化设计得到流体静压轴承的承载力和支承刚度可以满足要求,但轴承总流量达泵流量的21%,这会显著降低涡轮泵的总体效率;仅将滚动轴承改为流体静压轴承,而不改变其他结构或布局,转子的稳定性不能满足要求;涡轮泵流体静压轴承转子系统设计时应尽量将轴承布置在转子位移较大的位置,以充分发挥其阻尼作用。     

Stability of periodic motion on the rotor-bearing system with coupling faults of crack and rub-impact

A dynamic model was set up for the rotor-bearing system with coupling faults of crack and rub-impact. Using the continuation-shooting algorithm for periodic solution of nonlinear non-autonomous system, the stability of the system periodic motion was studied by the Floquet theory. The saddle-node bifurcation, periodic-doubling bifurcation and the Hopf bifurcation were found. There are peculiar dynamic characteristics of the rotor-bearing system with coupling faults of crack and rub-impact that differs from single fault. The conclusions provide theoretic basis reference for the failure diagnosis of the rotor-bearing system with coupling faults of crack and rub-impact fault.     

传动比和功率对齿轮耦合的二平行转子—轴承系统的稳定性的影响

传动比和功率是平行转子－轴承系统中主要的性能参数之一，也是影响系统运动稳定性的主要因素。通过数值分析，找到了它们对系统稳定性的影响规律，发现了该系统失稳时不同于一般转子－轴承系统的一些现象。     

Chaos of rub-impact rotor supported by bearings with nonlinear suspension

The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the rotor-bearing system is studied in this paper and is supported by oil-film short bearings with nonlinear suspension. An observation of a nonlinearly supported model and the rub-impact between rotor and stator is needed. Therefore for more precise analysis of rotor-bearing systems, the rub-impact between rotor and stator is also proposed in this paper. The displacements in the horizontal and the vertical directions charactering the theoretical model of the system are considered with non-dimensional speed ratio. Inclusive of the analysis methods of the dynamic trajectory, the power spectrum, the Poincaré maps and the bifurcation diagrams are used to analyze the behavior of the rotor centre and bearing centre in the horizontal and vertical directions under different operating conditions. The maximum Lyapunov exponent analysis is also used in this study to identify the chaotic motion. It is concluded that the trajectory of rotor centre and bearing centre have undesirable vibrations. Especially at s=5.6, the rotor centre is at chaotic motion but the bearing centre is still at quasi-periodic motion. With the analysis of the dynamic behavior of these operating conditions, the theoretical and practical idea for controlling rotor-bearing systems and optimizing their operation can be more precise.