AA5083管件颗粒介质非均匀内压温热胀形工艺性能解析

基于管件热单向拉伸试验、颗粒介质传压性能试验和外摩擦因数试验,分析了采用温热颗粒介质压力成形工艺时,在非均匀内压下AA5083管材自由胀形区的受力情况,探讨了颗粒介质与管件内壁摩擦作用对管件胀形区壁厚分布和胀形极限的影响。理论分析和工艺试验表明,温热颗粒介质压力成形工艺中颗粒介质与管坯之间存在的有益摩擦有效抑制了管件减薄,提高了管件胀形极限。     

加载路径对AA5083管件热态非金属颗粒介质成形性能的影响

将颗粒介质作为传力介质,应用于铝合金管件内高压热成形工艺。通过热单向拉伸试验建立AA5083板材的本构模型。通过管材热态颗粒介质胀形数值模拟,结合AA5083理论成形极限图的分析,研究了不同加载路径对管件壁厚分布、管端缩料量和主应变曲线的影响规律,并进行了相应的工艺试验验证。研究结果表明,合理匹配初始压头力和管端进给量参数,使预成形管坯在胀形区形成有益皱纹,可为胀形区管坯变形提供聚料作用,从而提高管件成形质量和胀形极限。     

基于非局部摩擦理论的颗粒介质传力特性研究

散体颗粒介质兼有固体和液体的形态而又表现出不同于二者的诸多奇异性质,固体颗粒介质成形工艺正是利用这种特性将固体颗粒作为传力介质成功应用于金属板管材成形中并取得良好效果。为了探讨颗粒介质在固体颗粒介质成形工艺中的传压规律,并研究散体颗粒介质在承受压力条件下的传力特性,实现对成形中金属管板材内表面压力分布的准确控制从而有效提高金属管板材成形性能,通过设计固体颗粒介质的单轴压缩试验,得到颗粒介质侧压分布规律,在此基础上,结合非局部摩擦理论建立精确的颗粒介质传压力学模型,得到基于非局部摩擦理论的颗粒介质传压规律,并推导出其轴向传力压力函数表达式。研究结果表明:侧压力与传力距离按照二次函数的规律分布,并随着传力距离增加而下降;颗粒介质轴向传递压力随传力距离增加而逐渐衰减,并且考虑非局部摩擦所得到的理论值较局部摩擦更能接近试验值,而非局部作用接触面半径对结果影响较小。     

基于三维成形极限应力图的AA6061挤压管材成形性能分析

为解决AA6061挤压管材成形性能极差的问题,建立了“固溶水淬+颗粒介质胀形+人工时效”的铝合金管件成形工艺流程。研究了固溶水淬和人工时效工艺参数对材料性能影响规律,并建立了考虑厚向应力的三维成形极限应力图;建立了管件颗粒介质胀形有限元仿真模型,分析管件变形特征质点的运动轨迹和应力应变状态,并应用理论成形极限图对管件破裂失稳点和胀形极限进行分析和预判。四方截面管件胀形工艺试验结果表明,颗粒介质胀形工艺与合适的热处理工艺相结合能够有效地解决AA6061挤压管材的成形问题;考虑厚向应力的三维成形极限应力图可作为铝合金管件胀形工艺方案制定的破裂失稳判据。     

Q235/AA5052复合凸环管颗粒介质胀形工艺研究

钢/铝复合管内衬的AA5052挤压铝管成形性能极差,室温下难以与外覆钢管协调变形至目标管件的形状要求。基于此,提出了挤压铝管退火处理、复合装配、颗粒介质胀形的工艺流程,使复合管胀形比达到1.40,成功制备了厚径比为3/102的复合凸环管件,最大减薄率不超过20%,满足产品技术要求。试验研究表明,AA5052挤压管材采取加热440℃保温60min的退火处理后成形性能最优,延伸率提高了3倍以上;复合管胀形过程中的壁厚分布规律与管层间摩擦因数相关,降低管层间摩擦作用能够抑制内衬铝管减薄,有利于复合管胀形极限的提高。颗粒介质胀形工艺对胀形管坯的尺寸精度要求较低,可采用通用设备和简便的模具装置实现成形工艺。     

Q235覆管对AA5052铝合金基管颗粒介质胀形行为的影响

采用AA5052铝合金挤压管作内层基管、Q235碳素结构钢卷焊管作外层覆管的钢铝复合管对复合管颗粒介质胀形行为进行研究。通过塑性理论分析胀形过程中管间切向摩擦力及法向压力对基管应力大小的影响;利用数值模拟分析管间摩擦因数和覆管各向异性对基管的应变成形极限的综合影响,并给出单管、复合管胀形时的壁厚减薄情况和基管的应力、应变分布;通过管材颗粒介质内高压胀形试验,对比单管和复合管胀形条件下铝合金管的极限胀形比,分析复合管的变形协调性。结果表明：通过施加Q235碳素结构钢覆管,减小了AA5052基管胀形区中间截面处的双向拉应力,基管胀形区壁厚减薄变小,胀形比提高了22%,复合管下基管最大减薄率为17.5 %,成形性能显著提高。     

薄壁深抛物线形零件固体颗粒介质成形工艺

薄壁抛物线形壳体成形过程为拉深和胀形两种变形模式的复合,极易发生起皱和破裂。固体颗粒介质成形是采用固体颗粒代替刚性凸模或凹模(或弹性体、液体)对板料进行成形的工艺。板材在颗粒介质内压的作用下成形,可以有效防止抛物线形件拉深成形过程中侧壁的起皱;由于颗粒内压是非均匀分布的,故可以有效控制抛物线形件成形过程中的破裂,提高板材的成形极限。根据固体颗粒介质成形工艺的特点,提出了两次成形薄壁深壳体零件的工艺,建立了数值分析模型,通过数值模拟和试验对该成形过程和工艺参数进行了分析。结果表明,采用固体颗粒介质成形工艺过程简单、成形工件壁厚分布均匀、表面质量好、回弹小。     

固体颗粒介质成形新工艺试验研究与应力分析

自行设计制造了固体颗粒介质传压性能试验与测试装置,通过试验测得到了固体颗粒的传压规律.建立了板料在拉深力作用下的两种力学模型:线性分布载荷和二次函数分布载荷的力学模型.自行设计制造了板料成形试验模具与装置,通过对成形试验件的测量与分析,建立了自由变形抛物线函数变形模型.对固体颗粒介质板料拉胀成形未贴模时塑性变形阶段进行了塑性变形分析,推导出了自由变形区的应力分布计算公式,为固体颗粒介质板料拉胀成形塑性理论研究奠定了基础.     

椭圆截面管件充液压制变形与应力分析

预成形是内高压成形的关键工序,预制坯的形状直接影响到后续内高压成形的缺陷与壁厚分布。针对管件无内压支撑压制时因失稳导致的预制坯截面凹陷与尺寸不可控等问题,提出管件充液压制成形方法。对椭圆截面管件充液压制成形过程进行应力分析与试验研究,将充液压制与传统压制进行对比,分析充液压力和下压量对管件截面应力、壁厚及尺寸的影响。结果表明:管内充液可有效改善压制管件等效应力分布情况,充液压力越大,等效应力分布越均匀;相比于传统压制,充液压制过程中椭圆截面的壁厚变化并不明显,最大减薄处位于直壁部分中间区域,当充液压力为15 MPa时,其最大减薄率为2%;随着充液压力的增大,管件直壁部分的凹痕缺陷逐渐平复消失。     

汽车副车架内高压成形模拟分析

为探索工艺参数对汽车异型管件内高压成形的影响,借助非线性有限元软件,对副车架多道次内高压成形全过程进行仿真研究。基于此,分析内压力加载路径及退火处理对成形件典型截面壁厚分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,在成形前期施加一定的内压力并在一段时间内进行保压,后期再继续施压至整形压力的加载路径所得成形效果最好。经过退火处理的副车架,其壁厚分布更为均匀。     

Analytical model of corner filling with granular media to investigate the friction effect between tube and media

In a tube forming process, granular matter is used as pressure transmission medium instead of liquid to expand a circular tube into one with square section. In this process, the friction at media/tube interface has a significant effect on the final result. In this paper, an analytical model was developed to determine the influence of the friction on the deformation developing process and final thickness distribution along the tube section. Experimental researches were also implemented to evaluate the analytical model in the end. In this model, four friction situations were applied to the numerical analysis process according to the active or negative function of friction on the flow of metal. The analysis result showed that different friction situations could lead to different deformation processes and thickness distributions. The examination on experiments of AA6061 tube indicated that the experimental data of thickness was extremely close to the analysis result with the friction situation in which the metal flow toward the corner of square section die was impeded by the friction force. However, the analytical prediction of thinning trend of thickness had a deviation compared with the experimental data in the corner region. In addition, the breaking and caking of granules in the tube forming process make the friction situation between the tube and media very complex. Therefore, a further research needs to be conducted from the direction of granular matter mechanics and friction mechanism in order to acquire a more explicit result.     

AA6061铝合金正方形截面管胀形工艺研究

AA6061铝合金挤压管材在常温下强度高但塑性差,难以成形复杂形状零件。基于此,提出了固溶处理+固体颗粒介质胀形+人工时效的工艺流程,通过固溶、淬火和时效等热处理工艺调整铝合金变形前后的力学性能,应用固体颗粒介质胀形技术实现管件塑性成形。以AA6061挤压铝合金管为研究对象,分析了固溶处理工艺参数对合金力学性能的影响,发现管材经固溶温度560℃且保温120min处理后,其延伸率提高3倍以上,强度和硬度也大幅降低,使合金管材的成形性能指标显著提高,具备了固体颗粒介质胀形管件的条件;对合金固溶处理后再人工时效处理的试验研究表明,人工时效温度180℃且保温360min时合金塑性下降,强度和硬度等性能指标均可恢复至初始状态。基于铝合金热处理工艺特征的研究,采用固溶处理+固体颗粒介质胀形+时效处理的工艺流程,成功试制了AA6061铝合金典型的正方形截面管件,其环向最大展长率可达34%。     

径压胀形中管材的填充性及成形性分析

通过对不锈钢管材径压胀形过程进行有限元数值模拟，对成形管材断面对角线长度变化趋势及壁厚分布规律进行了分析与比较，探讨了加载方式、管端约束条件（管端自由与管端固定）及摩擦条件对管材填充性及成形性的影响规律。结果表明，自由胀形直径或内压力越大，则管材的填充性越好，但成形性越差；管端固定时会使管材的填充性及成形性变差；摩擦使胀形管材断面形状不完全对称，且随着自由胀形直径或内压力的增大而显著。     

An experimental and numerical study of necking initiation in aluminium alloy tubes during hydroforming

In this paper, a combined experimental and numerical investigation of free hydroforming of aluminium alloy tubes is conducted. The tubes are subjected to different loading histories involving axial compression and internal pressure. The circumferential and axial strains experienced by the tubes are continuously recorded along with the pressure and axial load. The numerical simulations are carried out using both 2D axisymmetric and 3D finite-element formulations by applying the experimentally recorded axial load and internal pressure. In the latter, a geometric imperfection is introduced in the form of wall thickness reduction at the tube mid-length in order to trigger necking which happens after significant bulging and beyond the stage of peak pressure. The strain histories and peak pressures obtained from the simulations agree well with those determined from the experiments. Further, the forming limit curve predicted by the simulations as well as from a M–K analysis incorporating the computed strain paths corroborate well with the experimental data. The role of nonproportional straining on the mechanics of failure of the tubes due to bulging and necking is studied in detail.