22MnB5钢制轿车后桥横梁热冲压成形的有限元模拟

通过Deform有限元分析软件对3.8mm厚22MnB5钢制轿车后桥横梁的热冲压成形过程进行了模拟,分析了合模保压过程中板料的温度变化;对22MnB5钢制后桥横梁进行了热冲压成形试验,测试了热冲压过程中板料的温度变化,并与有限元模拟结果进行了对比分析,研究了成形后横梁的显微组织和硬度。结果表明:在热冲压成形过程中,合模保压后板料温度快速下降,冷却速率达到30℃·s-1以上,可实现22MnB5钢的淬火强化;试验测得热冲压成形过程中板料的温度变化曲线与模拟曲线一致,相对误差在10%以内,模拟结果较准确;热冲压成形件的最终显微组织为板条马氏体,显微硬度达到480HV以上。     

22MnB5高强钢/7075铝合金热铆接冷模具淬火无铆钉铆接研究

针对目前车用22MnB5高强钢和7075铝合金板料在连接工艺上存在的问题,提出一种高强钢和铝合金异种材料车身零件的热铆接冷模具淬火（Hot riveting quenching, HRQ）无铆钉铆接工艺,利用22MnB5在高温下良好的成形性及易淬性,实现对22MnB5高强钢与7075铝合金的有效连接。通过建立HRQ无铆钉铆接的成形和淬冷有限元模型,证明了该工艺的可行性,使铆接后接头的高强钢具有全马氏体组织,保证了接头的强度。并从仿真和试验两方面研究高强钢铆接温度对接头尺寸颈厚值T_n、自锁值T_u的影响,发现在600～800 ℃区间内,T_n和T_u均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,T_u受温度影响更显著,两者均在700 ℃时获得最大值,表明700 ℃是高强钢板料的最佳铆接初始温度。     

基于ABAQUS双U型前防撞梁热冲压成形过程的温度场数值模拟

采用ABAQUS软件对汽车前防撞梁的热冲压成形工艺进行了热力耦合数值模拟分析,建立了22MnB5高强钢的热弹塑性有限元模型,计算了不同模具温度下防撞梁的温度场。结果表明,防撞梁在淬火过程中,其温度呈快速降低趋势,淬火结束时防撞梁的温度为42.6℃～243℃,工件的温度和临界冷却速度都能满足马氏体转变的要求,防撞梁淬火后组织为马氏体。模具的温度对防撞梁热成形后的温度场分布有较大的影响,模具温度为25℃～60℃时可满足企业高效率生产的要求。     

高强度钢板热冲压冷却速率的研究

针对淬火过程中热冲压件B柱结构复杂位置处冷却速率小,在组织转变过程中未能完全转变为马氏体组织,影响其力学性能的问题,进行了热冲压成形工艺研究。提出了优化模具冷却水管道布置以增大局部模具对板料冷却速率和优化模面形状以减小板料与模具间隙的两种优化设计,进行了数值模拟及对试验结果进行整理,研究了热冲压成形工艺中的重要参数冷却速率。结果表明:优化模具冷却水管道布置的设计对热冲压件B柱形状复杂处的冷却速率有一定的提高作用,优化模面形状的设计显著地提高了B柱结构复杂处的冷却速率,同时表明模具与板料间隙的存在对板料冷却速率有很大的影响。     

装载机覆盖件热冲压成形传热与淬火冷却速度研究

回弹和变形是影响高强度装载机覆盖件冲压成形形状精度的主要因素,通过22MnB5合金板热冲压成形实验,考察了热冲压成形的传热特征,推导出的热冲压成形传热数学模型的基本方程,提出热冲压成形模具冷却系统设计相关技术问题.研究表明,当冷却速度达到或超过临界冷却速度,才能使奥氏体直接转变为均匀马氏体;在模具结构、冷却系统、冷却介质等因素确定的情况下,冷却速度只与板材自身条件有关,可以通过控制最佳水流速度实现对最佳冷却速度的控制,达到减少和消除热冲压成形中变形和回弹等缺陷,提高装载机覆盖件热冲压成形质量.     

基于仿真和试验的U形件热冲压模具冷却系统的验证

以22MnB5热成形钢为材料,基于类B柱零件U形件,研究热冲压模具冷却系统设计制造、工艺试验以及性能验证。基于传统经验公式,计算得到冷却水道尺寸以及相对位置等重要设计参数,并制造出热冲压模具;建立共轭传热仿真模型,实现U形件在设计模具内保压淬火过程的数值模拟,保压10 s后模具表面和成形件表面最高温度出现在侧壁,最高温度为388 K。利用开发的热冲压模具,开展U形件冷冲压后保压淬火试验,用热电偶记录的模具表面3个测量点温度分布情况与模拟结果吻合良好,用红外测温仪记录的不同保压时间下成形件表面温度变化情况与模拟结果吻合良好,验证了仿真模型的准确性。通过在成形件上截取拉伸试样进行力学性能测试验证冷却系统工作性能,基于传统经验设计方案的试样的抗拉强度达到1 504 MPa;微观分析结果显示在模具内保压淬火后成形件的金相组织为大量马氏体和极少量贝氏体的混合组织,说明冷却系统性能良好。     

汽车B柱热冲压模具温度场研究

采用有限元仿真技术对汽车B柱热冲压成形的温度场进行分析计算。模拟连续热冲压生产,计算10个成形周期中热冲压模具和板料的温度变化。结果表明,热冲压模具冷却系统切实有效,板料的平均冷却速率可达60℃/s,满足超高强钢马氏体转变条件;在7个成形周期以后,热冲压模具在冷却系统的作用下即可达到热平衡状态,保证了连续生产的顺利进行,该技术指标可为实际生产中工艺参数的制定提供依据。     

B1500HS钢热冲压工艺参数实验研究

以B1500HS钢为研究对象,对热冲压成形过程中的应变速率及临界淬火冷速等关键工艺参数进行探索,采用膨胀仪和淬火相变仪对其静态CCT进行测绘,并采用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机对不同应变速率条件下的动态CCT图进行研究分析,结果表明,通过热冲压成形工艺获得完全马氏体组织的零部件,要求热成形模具的冷却速率必须大于等于60℃/s。     

高强钢板U形件热冲压技术及有限元分析

高强钢板热冲压技术是解决其冷冲压缺陷的新型加工技术.建立了U形件的热冲压有限元模型,采用热力耦合分析方法得到了热冲压过程中板料的温度、厚度及应力的分布规律,并研究板料和模具的初始温度对热冲压后制件的温度及应力分布规律的影响.结果表明,U形件压边区域、圆角处温度下降较慢,中心区域和两侧壁温度下降很快;两侧壁和圆角处减薄较大;凸模圆角处应力最大,压边区域和底部中心区域应力值最小;模具初始温度不变,板料初始温度增加,冲压结束时制件的最低温度、应变最大值随之增加,厚度最小值、应力最大值随之减小;板料初始温度不变,模具初始温度增加,冲压结束时制件的最低温度、应变最大值随之增加,厚度最小值、应力最大值随之减小.     

热冲压成形后22MnB5钢的组织与拉伸性能以及拉伸时的微观形貌演变

对比研究了22MnB5钢经890℃热冲压成形前后的显微组织与拉伸性能,采用原位拉伸试验观察了热冲压成形后试验钢在单向拉伸过程中微观形貌的演变.结果表明:热冲压成形前试验钢的显微组织为铁素体和珠光体,热冲压成形后组织转变为马氏体,试验钢的强度和强塑积提高,塑性下降;在拉伸过程中,试验钢先发生颈缩,随后原奥氏体晶界破坏,微...     

Experimental and theoretical study on the hot forming limit of 22MnB5 steel

To reveal the effects of forming temperature and blank thickness on the formability of boron steel 22MnB5, which is represented by forming limit diagram, the hot forming limit experiments and B-pillar hot stamping simulations are conducted. Combined with air cooling test, the forming limit diagrams of boron steels with different blank thicknesses of 1.8, 1.6, and 1.4 mm and forming temperatures of 800, 700, and 600 °C are established. The relationships between the formability and the crystal structure of steel, the forming limit diagram, and the effect of blank thickness and forming temperature on the formability of boron steel are extensively investigated. A model for prediction of hot forming limit of 22MnB5 steel before the occurrence of phase transformation induced by cooling based on Oh's ductile fracture criterion and Logan–Hosford yield criterion is derived and verified by experiments. The research thus provides an in-depth understanding of the formability of 22MnB5 steel for its process determination and process parameter configuration in industries.     

汽车防撞梁超高强钢热成形工艺研究

采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法研究了防撞梁热冲压成形工艺。根据BR1500HS材料特性,通过数值模拟优化工艺参数,建立了冲压力与初始成形温度和冲压速度的关系模型,指出了冲压力变化趋势,并通过防撞梁热冲压试验验证了冲压力模型的可靠性。零件性能测试结果显示,热冲压件的厚度和硬度分布较为均匀:平均硬度为47.6HRC,最大减薄率为17%,零件抗拉强度达到1545MPa,最大残余应力只有抗拉强度的20%左右,回弹较小,组织为均匀板条状马氏体。     

车门防撞梁热成形工艺优化仿真与试验

基于DYNAFORM软件热冲压模块,研究了由B1500HS钢制成的某型轿车车门防撞梁热成形过程。通过引入H13模具钢热物性参数,并将相变潜热因素考虑在内,利用多步差分法得到了温度场单元体变分公式;依据车门防撞梁结构特征进行工艺分析,建立了车门防撞梁的两种热力相耦合模型。通过对比分析两种方案下整体及典型M形截面应力场、温度场和厚度分布结果发现：带压料板式方案所得产品热成形及淬火后应力场、温度场及厚度分布均匀,更适合热冲压成形。最后依据压料板式方案进行了成形试制,得到车门防撞梁的显微组织均为马氏体,底部与顶部的马氏体板条更为细小,维氏硬度超过450HV,符合热冲压零件性能标准。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of the material damage induced in sheet metal forming process on the service performance of 22MnB5 steel

The use of ultra-high strength steels through sheet metal forming process offers a practical solution to the lightweight design of vehicles. However, sheet metal forming process not only produces desirable changes in material properties but also causes material damage that may adversely influence the service performance of the material formed. Thus, an investigation is conducted to experimentally quantify such influence for a commonly used steel (the 22MnB5 steel) based on the hot and cold forming processes. For each process, a number of samples are used to conduct a uniaxial tensile test to simulate the forming process. After that, some of the samples are trimmed into a standard shape and then uniaxially extended until fracture to simulate the service stage. Finally, a microstructure test is conducted to analyze the microdefects of the remaining samples. Based on the results of the first two tests, the effect of material damage on the service performance of 22MnB5 steel is analyzed. It is found that the material damages of both the hot and cold forming processes cause reductions in the service performance, such as the failure strain, the ultimate stress, the capacity of energy absorption and the ratio of residual strain. The reductions are generally lower and non-linear in the former process but higher and linear in the latter process. Additionally, it is found from the microstructure analysis that the difference in the reductions of the service performance of 22MnB5 by the two forming processes is driven by the difference in the micro damage mechanisms of the two processes. The findings of this research provide a useful reference in terms of the selection of sheet metal forming processes and the determination of forming parameters for 22MnB5.     

Evaluation of weldability for resistance spot welded single-lap joint between GA780DP and hot-stamped 22MnB5 steel sheets

Recently, in the automotive industry, Al-coated boron steel sheets (22MnB5) have been used for hot stamping, and the use of these sheets makes it possible to achieve a tensile strength of over 1,500 MPa, since a metallurgical transformation from austenite to martensite occurs during the process. In this study, resistance spot welding (RSW) experiments were performed in order to evaluate the weldability of single-lap joints between GA780DP and 22MnB5. The effect of the weld current on the nugget diameter and load-carrying capacity was evaluated by observing the nugget diameter and performing a tensile-shear test. Furthermore, the fracture behavior was evaluated by carrying out optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) observations. Ductile regions were observed on the interfacially fractured surface of the weld, and this implies that a high load-carrying capacity can be obtained even when interfacial fracture (IF) occurs. IF is caused by the stress concentration resulting from the presence of the sharp notch at the boundary of the nugget as well as by the high hardness and the brittle microstructure of the weld; the microstructure is brittle because of the high carbon equivalent (Ceq) and the penetration of Al in the weld.     

Integrated Modelling of Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties Prediction for Q&P Hot Stamping Process of Ultra-High Strength Steel

High strength steel products with good ductility can be produced via QP hot stamping process, while the phase transformation of the process is more complicated than common hot stamping since two-step quenching and one-step carbon partitioning processes are involved. In this study, an integrated model of microstructure evolution relating to QP hot stamping was presented with a persuasively predicted results of mechanical properties. The transformation of diffusional phase and non-diffusional phase, including original austenite grain size individually, were considered, as well as the carbon partitioning process which affects the secondary martensite transformation temperature and the subsequent phase transformations. Afterwards, the mechanical properties including hardness, strength, and elongation were calculated through a series of theoretical and empirical models in accordance with phase contents. Especially, a modified elongation prediction model was generated ultimately with higher accuracy than the existed Mileiko's model. In the end, the unified model was applied to simulate the QP hot stamping process of a U-cup part based on the finite element software LS-DYNA, where the calculated outputs were coincident with the measured consequences.     

热冲压成形过程细观损伤演化机理研究

基于Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN)细观损伤模型,扩展其在平面应力、壳单元问题中的应力更新数值算法,研究高强度硼钢热冲压成形过程中板材内部的损伤演化行为。采用响应曲面中心复合试验设计和遗传优化算法,系统地阐述高温下GTN损伤参数的识别方法并获取了热成形高强度硼钢22Mn B5在高温下(600~800℃)的损伤特征参数(0,,,N Ff f f fc)。对耦合损伤的高强度钢板NAKJIMA凸模胀形热冲压过程进行有限元仿真预测,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:运用响应曲面法确定热冲压高温板材损伤参数的方法是可行的,同时采用GTN损伤模型可以准确模拟高强度钢板热冲压过程中的开裂行为。     

汽车零部件热成形极限裕度云图的构建与应用

在热冲压工艺中,热冲压钢板处于高温状态,不同位置温度分布有明显差异,传统方法难以评价冲压件的成形性,考虑温度的三维成形极限图能有效评价热冲压件的成形性能,但无法判断热冲压件的安全裕度。针对上述问题,在考虑温度的三维成形极限图的基础上,首先提出了成形裕度的计算方法;然后结合数值模拟和理论分析手段,构建了适用于评价高强钢板热冲压的安全裕度云图;最后对某汽车B柱热冲压不同工艺过程进行了仿真分析,并与试验进行了对比。结果表明,在不同工艺参数和板料尺寸下,构建的裕度云图均能有效预测高强钢板热冲压件的开裂部位和程度。