燃料喷射方案对大缸径气体燃料发动机混合效果的影响

针对大缸径进气道多点喷射气体燃料发动机大供气量的要求,分别采用单个新型大流量气体燃料喷射装置和多个传统小流量气体燃料喷射装置2种方案实现大流量气体燃料喷射,建立发动机瞬态流体力学计算(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模型,着重分析2种方案对发动机进气道内、缸内混合效果的影响规律。研究结果表明:多个传统小流量气体燃料喷射装置方案在进气道内产生典型的多孔横向紊动射流,上游射流对下游射流起到保护作用,射流在进气道内贯穿距离越大,气体燃料在进气道的混合距离越长,混合效果越好;多个传统小流量气体燃料喷射装置相对于单个新型大流量气体燃料喷射装置喷射位置上移,是进气道内以及缸内混合效果得到改善的重要因素;多个传统小流量气体燃料喷射装置方案中气体燃料进入气缸的时间有所延迟,在进气道内混合效果近似的情况下,喷孔数的增加会使得缸内混合效果下降。     

高强化柴油机进气流动特性研究

针对某高强化柴油机,运用发动机三维仿真软件converge建立模型,并通过柱坐标系下气门间隙环带的总速度和速度分量以及缸内不同截面下的速度分布规律,对切向进气道和螺旋进气道出口处的气体流动特性进行研究.研究发现:气流通过切向气道的速度整体略高于通过螺旋气道的速度,径向速度的变化趋势更贴近于总速度;在进气过程中,气门间隙...     

大滚流气道对PFI发动机性能影响的试验研究

进气道是发动机进气系统的重要组成部分。增加进气道的滚流比,提高缸内的湍动能,从而改善燃烧,进而改善了发动机的性能。本文对一台1.5L增压气道喷射发动机进行了台架试验,获得了采用大滚流气道时发动机的性能状况;同时基于大滚流气道对比分析了配合原活塞和配合平顶活塞时发动机性能情况。试验表明,在低速小负荷工况下,滚流比的提高,对发动机油耗改善不明显;低速大负荷工况下,滚流比提高,改善了发动机的燃烧,降低了爆震倾向;在功率点附近的工况,滚流比的增大,导致燃烧相位滞后,油耗升高。     

喷射时刻对焦炉气直喷发动机燃烧特性影响

为加强焦炉气的利用,减少资源浪费,利用AVL-FIRE软件对焦炉气缸内直喷型发动机进行建模,模拟不同喷射时刻对于该类型发动机燃烧过程及排放的影响,以确定焦炉气的最佳喷射时刻。结果表明:在相同燃气喷射量与喷射持续期下,最佳喷射时刻出现在进气门关闭后开始喷射且点火前结束喷射期间。最佳喷射时刻使得缸内混合气形成均匀,燃气浓度与湍流强度分布有利于加快火焰传播速度,实现稳定燃烧,提高缸内压力,降低NOx排放,过早与过晚喷射均会降低发动机动力性能。     

157FMI汽油机进气道喷射改缸内直喷燃烧特性研究

本文以157FMI汽油机为研究对象,对其尝试性的实施由进气道喷射改为缸内直喷技改,分析了喷油器斜置和喷油器顶置两种方案下的缸内燃烧特性。研究结果表明:合理的布置喷油器对发动机的工作有着至关重要的意义,喷油器顶置方案,不利于后续的燃烧扩散,燃烧较为缓慢,NO生成量较高,喷油器斜置方案则具有较为理想的效果。     

高压直喷天然气发动机技术简介

缸内高压直喷(HPDI)天然气发动机是一款缸内喷入少量柴油、引燃直喷入缸内的天然气的1A型双燃料发动机。HPDI发动机可以保持同排量柴油机原有的性能;与传统点燃式天然气发动机相比,主要优势表现为动力强劲,燃气消耗低,可靠性高,排温低,响应快;与进气道喷射双燃料发动机相比,替代率高,经济优势明显,市场前景光明。     

基于计算流体动力学分析的增压发动机燃烧系统优化

利用STAR CD软件,对增压发动机缸内流动进行了数值模拟,研究了不同进气道和燃烧室设计对缸内流动过程的影响。研究表明,高滚流比气道和四挤气燃烧室方案下,燃烧系统缸内瞬态滚流比和湍动能均得到提高,且湍动能中心更靠近气缸中心。基于研究对增压发动机燃烧系统进行了优化,在1 500 r/min满负荷时,优化后燃烧持续期曲轴转角减小了3°CA。     

点火时刻对157FMI发动机缸内直喷燃烧过程的影响研究

以157FMI发动机为研究对象,将其发动机进气道喷射原型尝试性地根据双火花塞位置结构实施缸内直喷技术,通过对比不同点火时刻对缸内燃烧过程的影响进行研究,结果表明:发动机转速为2500r/min,喷油量20mg的情况下,喷油器安装角度设定为55°,随着点火时刻提前,缸内平均压力、温度,压力升高率峰值逐渐增大,且平均压力、温度、压力升高率峰值对应的曲轴转角提前,瞬时放热率峰值出现了先增大后减小的趋势,但峰值相位逐渐提前。研究结果为小型摩托车发动机缸内直喷技术的应用提供了理论指导和参考。     

点燃式天然气发动机燃烧室结构优化的仿真与试验研究

利用三维数值仿真的方法,对带有浴盆形燃烧室的天然气发动机缸内流动和燃烧特性进行分析,提出了两种燃烧室结构优化设计方案,试验对比了采用原燃烧室和挤气喷射燃烧室时的发动机性能。结果表明:在不改变压缩比情况下,通过改变活塞头部凸起形状和位置,能够实现浴盆形燃烧室内的挤流与滚流有效耦合;控制点火时刻的火花塞附近气体流速,能提高缸内平均湍动能,加大快速燃烧期内火焰前封面的面积,改善燃烧质量。发动机采用优化的2号挤气喷射燃烧室,能够明显加快发动机燃烧进程,提高发动机的动力性和经济性,发动机功率从75kW提高到78.7kW,最低比气耗降低4.4%,HC和CO排放略有降低。     

基于瞬态CFD分析优化汽油机进气道研究

为降低某四气门汽油机的油耗,利用三维流体软件Star-CD对原进气道和改进气道气道在1500r／min全负荷进行了缸内瞬态CFD分析,分析结果表明,改进气道较原进气道滚流比在进气门全开时刻提高230％左右,在点火时刻710℃A湍动能增加一倍。原气道与改进的气道进行了整机性能试验验证,试验结果表明,在2000r／min,2bar部分负荷工况改进进气道油耗较原气道降低了3．45％,适当提高进气道滚流比有利于降低部分负荷的油耗。     

基于数值模拟优化分析的某型汽油机发动机燃烧系统正向开发

文中主要基于喷雾标定的结果进行发动机缸内燃烧系统的正向开发和优化.在喷雾试验数据的基础上建立了喷雾模型,并利用喷雾模型和发动机相关数据进行了缸内燃烧计算,分析了缸内流场和油气混合情况.分析表明:缸内流场方面,在压缩冲程中不同工况下均形成了非常明显的滚流流场,同时滚流比大小的变化存在明显的"双峰"现象,不同工况下均有燃油...     

缸内直喷汽油机冷启动燃烧与排放光学试验研究

结合光学单缸机和激光诱导荧光测量技术对直喷汽油机冷怠速工况缸内油气混合与燃烧过程进行了可视化试验研究。试验采用了屋脊形透明缸套和双侧激光,利用统计图像评估方法得到了缸内混合气浓度和燃烧火焰分布图像,通过缸压传感器和燃烧分析仪对燃烧稳定性进行了分析,采用废气分析仪和光学传感器分别对碳氢和碳烟排放进行了分析评估。研究表明：燃烧稳定时燃油与缸套碰壁是碳氢排放产生的主要原因,碳烟排放则主要由活塞顶部燃油碰壁造成;适当推迟第二次喷油时刻有利于点火时刻火花塞附近稳定浓混合气的形成,继而提高燃烧稳定性,同时减少碳氢排放,过迟喷射会导致碳烟明显增加,过早喷射会造成缸内失火,碳氢排放增加。     

Effect of piston bowl shape on the in-cylinder flow characteristics of IC engines

Numerical simulation of the in-cylinder flow for internal combustion (IC) engine with different bowl shapes has been performed. The LES models are applied to a piston-cylinder assembly with a stationary valve and a harmonically moving piston. Gas motion inside the engine cylinder determines the thermal efficiency of an IC engine, and combustion chamber geometry affects the performance of the IC engine. Comparison of the flow characteristics inside the engine cylinder equipped with different piston geometries shows that the squish flow affects the turbulence generation process near the top dead center during compression stroke. The A-type combustion chamber with reentrant shape is shown to have higher radial velocity and turbulence intensity in the piston bowl compared with other types. Results of these simulations aid in the improved understanding of the effect of intake and compression process of piston geometry on the in-cylinder flow. The detailed flow characteristics inside the in-cylinder for different piston bowl shapes can offer basic guidelines to improve the combustion process.     

Investigation of in-cylinder flow patterns in 4 valve S. I. Engine by using single-frame particle tracking velocimetry

The in-cylinder flow field of gasoline engine comprises unsteady compressible turbulent flows caused by the intake port, combustion chamber geometry. Thus, the quantitative analysis of the in-cylinder flow characteristics plays an important role in the improvement of engine performances and the reduction of exhaust emission. In order to obtain the quantitative analysis of the in-cylinder gas flows for a gasoline engine, the single-frame particle tracking velocimetry was developed, which is designed to measure 2-dimensional gas flow field. In this paper, influences of the swirl and tumble intensifying valves on the in-cylinder flow characteristics under the various intake flow conditions were investigated by using this PTV method. Based on the results of experiment, the generation process of swirl and tumble flow in a cylinder during intake stroke was clarified. Its effect on the tumble ratio at the end of compression stroke was also investigated.     

A study on in-cylinder flow field of a 125cc motorcycle engine at low engine speeds

The in-cylinder flow characteristics of a four-stroke, four-valve, pent-roof small engine of motorcycle at engine speeds from 2000 rpm to 4000 rpm were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The aim of this study was to investigate the in-cylinder flow characteristics of small engines, including tumble, swirl, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), angular momentum, in-cylinder air mass, turbulent velocity, turbulent length scale, and air flow pattern (in both intake and compression strokes) under motoring conditions. The engine geometry was created using SolidWorks, then was exported and analyzed using CONVERGE, a commercial CFD method. Grid independence analysis was carried out for this small engine and the turbulence model was observed using the renormalized group (RNG) k-ɛ model. The pressure boundary conditions were used to define the fluid pressure at the intake and exhaust of the port. The results showed that the increase in the engine speed caused the swirl flow in the small engine to be irregularly shaped. The swirl flow had a tendency to be stable and almost constant in the beginning of the compression stroke and increased at the end of compression stroke. However, the increase of in engine speed had no significant effect on the increase in tumble ratio, especially during the intake stroke. There was an increase in tumble ratio due to the increase in engine speed at the end of compression stroke, but only a marginal increase. The increase in engine speed had no significant effect on the increase in angular momentum, TKE, or turbulent velocity from the early intake stroke until the middle of the intake stroke. However, the angular momentum increased due to the increase in engine speed from the middle of the intake stroke to the end of compression stroke, and the angular momentum achieved the biggest increase when the engine speed rose from 3000 to 4000 rpm by 10 % at the end of the intake stroke. The increase in engine speed caused an increase of TKE and turbulent velocity from the middle of intake stroke until the end of compression stroke. Moreover, the biggest increase of TKE and turbulent velocity occurred when the engine speed rose from 3000 to 4000 rpm at the middle of intake stroke around 50 % and 25 %, respectively. Turbulent length scales appeared to be insensitive to increasing engine speed, especially in the intake stroke until 490 °CA. From that point, the value of the turbulent length scale increased as engine speed increased. The biggest increase in the turbulent length scales occurred when the intake valve was almost closed (around 20 %) and the engine speed was within two specific ranges (2000 to 3000 rpm and 3000 to 4000 rpm). Regarding the effect of engine speed, there were no significant effects upon the accumulated air mass in the small engine. The increase in engine speed caused an increase of turbulence in the combustion chamber during the late stages of the compression stroke. The increase in turbulence enhanced the mixing of air and fuel and made the mixture more homogeneous. Moreover, the increase in turbulence directly increased the flame propagation speed. Further research is recommended using a new design with several types of intake ports as well as combinations of different intake ports and some type of piston face, so that changes in air flow characteristics in small engines can be analyzed. Finally, this study is expected to help decrease the number of experiments necessary to obtain optimized systems in small engines.

     

车用柴油机燃烧和热流分析的数值研究

利用商用软件STAR—CD及ES—ICE对某D6114柴油机在的缸内燃烧过程进行了数值模拟计算,分析和比较了不同喷油提前角对缸内燃烧过程和燃烧室表面热流的影响。研究结果表明：喷油提前角提前,柴油机缸内的燃烧效果优于喷油提前角推迟,燃烧过程中缸内的压力和温度比推迟喷油提前角时要大,同时缸内的最高燃烧压力和最高温度也高;喷油提前角对缸盖和活塞顶壁面平均热流的影响与其对缸内平均温度的影响相似,对缸套壁面的影响是喷油提前角提前越早,传给缸套的热流越小。数值计算结果为高功率、高强化和低热损的柴油机设计提供理论依据。．     

A study on fuel spray of spark-ignited direct injection engine using laser image technology

One of the important research for developing a spark-ignited direct injection engine is optimization of the fuel spray distribution and air flow field in the cylinder. Therefore, spray pattern and mean fuel droplet size of swirl injector were investigated using Laser Light Sheet Photography and PDPA' respectively. And, for the formation of stratified mixture with adequate strength near a spark plug at injection mode in compression stroke, spray distribution after impingement on flat piston or bowl piston in a transparent motoring engine was visualized for the three different injector positions. KIA Motors Corp.     

A study on the deposit formation in the cylinder and intake valve of a S. I. Engine

A spark ignition engine with port fuel injection (P.F.I.) system was used to accumulate cylinder head deposit (C.H.D.), intake valve deposit (I.V.D.), and piston top deposit (P.T.D.) on an engine dynamometer. In this study, the effect of base gasoline on I.V.D. was examined. The deposit forming tendency and the influence of the fuel component for decreasing deposits have been experimentally examined. The amount of I.V.D. has been observed to increase linearly with the engine operating time. It is also observed that the amount of valve deposit with newly blended gasoline is less than that with base gasoline.     

Effects of piston shapes and intake flow on the behavior of fuel mixtures in a GDI engine

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stratification of fuel vapor with different in-cylinder flow, piston cavity and injection timings in an optically accessible engine. Three different piston shapes that are F(Flat), B(Bowl) and R(Re-entrance) types were used. The images of liquid and vapor fuel were captured under the motoring condition using Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence technique. As a result, at early injection timing of 270° BTDC, liquid fuel was evaporated faster by tumble flow than swirl flow, where most of fuel vapor were transported by tumble flow to the lower region and both sides of cylinder for the F-type piston. At late injection timing of 90° BTDC, tumble flow appears to be moving the fuel vapor to the intake side of the cylinder, while swirl flow convects the fuel vapor to the exhaust side. The concentration of mixture in the center region was highest in the B-type piston, while fuel vapor was transported to the exhaust side by swirl flow in F and Rtype pistons. At the injection timing of 60° BTDC, the R-type piston was better for stratification due to a relatively smaller bowl diameter than the others.     

Experimental study on axial stratification process and its effects (I)-Stratification in Engine-

This paper is the first of several companion papers, which investigate axial stratification process and its effects in an SI engine. The axial stratification is very sophisticate phenomenon, which results from combination of fuel injection, port and in-cylinder flow and mixing. Because of the inherent unsteady condition in the reciprocating engine, it is impossible to understand the mechanism through the analytical method. In this paper, the ports were characterized by swirl and tumble number in steady flow bench test. After this, lean misfire limit of the engines, which had different port characteristic, were investigated as a function of swirl ratio and injection timing for confirming the existence of stratification. In addition, gas fuel was used for verifying whether this phenomenon depends on bulk air motion of cylinder or on evaporation of fuel. High-speed gas sampling and analysis was also performed to estimate stratification charging effect. The results show that the AFR at the spark plug and LML are very closely related and the AFR is the results of bulk air motion.