“双碳”战略下热电锅炉能效评价与碳减排研究进展

随着“碳达峰、碳中和”和新型电力系统建设目标的提出，提高能效水平、减少碳排放是热电锅炉持续发展的重要途径。针对国内外既有研究成果，首先从锅炉能效分析方法和评价指标体系等方面进行文献研究。研究表明，现有评价方法与指标主要是针对锅炉热效率及技术经济指标的监测与评价，缺乏对各项影响因素的分析，难以系统化评价锅炉运行水平。其次，梳理了我国目前常用的碳核算方法，分析了影响热电锅炉碳排放的相关因素。最后，提出应耦合能效与碳排放，通过合理的评价方法和评价指标构建热电锅炉系统综合评价体系。对热电增效、节能、降碳系统优化、综合性能提升改造有一定帮助。     

炉膛压力与燃烧速度的再探讨

通过对锅炉燃烧的实验，指出了现行各类教科书中，对炉膛压力与燃烧速度问题的论述的不足性，并建议现有教科书应统一公式，明确各参数介定范围，进一步深入研究锅炉燃烧理论。     

BG75／39-M1中压锅炉结垢与腐蚀

锅炉的结垢和腐蚀影响热力设备的安全经济运行。锅炉的结垢和腐蚀达到一定程度将会引起炉管爆破，发生严重事故造成巨大的经济损失。锅炉的参数越高，因结垢和腐蚀而产生的损失越严重。对中压锅炉的结垢和腐蚀进行研究和探讨，对提高热力设备的安全经济性，延长锅炉的使用寿命，有着重要的意义。     

煤炭气化技术与煤炭气化锅炉

简单介绍了煤炭气化炉的工作原理，以及与燃气锅炉结合组成煤炭气化锅炉后的特点。特别是，经过分析比较和实测，证明了这种锅炉节能环保性能特点，适合于现有燃油燃气锅炉的改造。     

电厂锅炉N0x的形成与控制

简要叙述了电厂锅炉NOx的形成及控制技术。分析了NOx的形成条件，提出了降低NOx的技术措施，同时指出了低NOx燃烧技术对我国现有电厂锅炉所产生的影响及应采取的相应措施。对电厂锅炉降低NOx排放有指导意义。     

大型电站锅炉烟温偏差与汽温偏差研究

大型电站锅炉的烟温偏差与汽温偏差是影响机组运行可靠性的主要因素之一。在分析了大型电站锅炉发展过程中过热器与再热器系统存在主要问题的基础上 ,系统总结了有关单位和科研人员对其进行的长期研究所取得的一系列成果 ,并提出了减小大型电站锅炉的烟温偏差与汽温偏差的措施     

35t／h次高压链条锅炉提高出力的措施与效果

1前言我厂现有六台35t／h次高压正转链条钢炉，型号为UG—35／5．3－M5，均由无锡锅炉制造厂生产。由于燃用的煤种混杂，难以达到锅炉原设计的煤种要求，随着锅炉使用年限的增加，在运行中明显存在着燃烧工况差、出力不足、灰渣含碳量高、锅炉效率低等问题。特别是锅炉出力严重不足，情况最差时只能带25t／5左右，影响热电厂的正常供热和发电。而且该锅炉对煤的热值和挥发分要求较高，挥发分一般要求22％以上。这种煤不但价格昂贵，而且采购也极其困难，常常因好煤断档而影响生产。2原因分析煤的燃烧是一个复杂的物理化学过程，从进火炉膛…     

如何实现煤炭与锅炉的最佳匹配

江苏油田采用的小型链条锅炉过去因燃煤采购制度不健全，所购煤质量不稳定，造成锅炉的能耗增加和排放超标。通过多年测试数据的积累，采用散点图的方法分析油田锅炉与煤质中的含水量、挥发分和发热量的关系，找到了最适合油田锅炉的燃煤质量参数，并制定了采购要求，实践证明，这种做法效果明显。     

船用锅炉增压燃烧与传热计算方法研究

根据燃烧与传热的基本原理对船用增压锅炉炉内燃烧与传热进行了理论分析。在船用常压锅炉热力计算的基础上,结合理论分析对计算方法进行了修正,并以现有国外船用增压锅炉为例进行了热力计算。计算结果表明,计算方法的修正合理,适用于船用增压锅炉的热力计算。     

双炉膛煤气风炉的设计

双炉膛煤气风炉的设计新疆昌峰锅炉制造公司张成江１前言现有的立式锅炉加煤燃烧时有很大的周期性。锅炉加煤时，林格曼大于Ⅱ级。对煤的类别要求较高，不宜燃烧碎末煤、热效率低等。针对行业立式锅炉存在的上述问题，我公司经过一年多的试验、分析和研究，成功地研制出了...     

Heat transfer coefficients under dry- and wet-surface conditions for a spirally coiled finned tube heat exchanger

In the present study, the average tube-side and air-side heat transfer coefficients in a spirally coiled finned tube heat exchanger under dry- and wet-surface conditions are experimentally investigated. The test section is a spiral-coil heat exchanger, which consists of six layers of concentric spirally coiled tube. Each tube is fabricated by bending a 9.6-mm outside diameter straight copper tube into a spiral coil of four turns. Aluminium fins with thickness 0.6 mm and outside diameter 28.4 mm are placed helically around the tube. The chilled water and the hot air are used as working fluids. The test runs are done at the air and water mass flow rates ranging between 0.02 and 0.2 kg/s and between 0.04 and 0.25 kg/s, respectively. The inlet-air and -water temperatures are between 35 and 60 °C and between 10 and 35 °C, respectively. The effects of the inlet conditions of both working fluids flowing through the heat exchanger on the heat transfer coefficients are discussed. New correlations based on the data gathered during this work for predicting the tube-side and air-side heat transfer coefficients for the spirally coiled finned tube heat exchanger are proposed.     

Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of finned tube banks in forced convection (comparison of the heat transfer characteristics between spiral fin and serrated fin)

In recent years the requirements for the reduction of energy consumption have been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. For example in the power generation field, as thermal power generation occupied 60% of the power generation demand, an improvement in thermal efficiency is greatly needed. This paper describes the clarification of heat transfer characteristics of finned tube banks used for a heat exchanger in thermal power generation by testing serrated finned tubes banks for a heat transfer improvement and conventional spiral finned tube banks under the same test conditions. The equations to predict the heat transfer coefficient necessary to design the heat exchanger are proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(2): 120–133, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20043     

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of finned tube banks in forced convection (comparison of the pressure drop characteristics of spiral fins and serrated fins)

In recent years there has been a growing need for reduction of energy consumption in an effort to solve problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. For example, in the power generation field, thermal power generation now occupies 60% of the power generation demand, and the need for improved thermal efficiency is thus considerable. In this paper, the pressure drop characteristics of the finned tube banks used for the heat exchanger in thermal power generation were clarified by testing the serrated finned tube banks for improvement of higher heat transfer and the conventional spiral finned tube banks under the same test conditions, and equations for predicting the pressure drop coefficient which is necessary to design the heat exchanger were proposed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(7): 431–444, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20030     

电站锅炉强化传热管沾污系数试验研究

进行了螺旋翅片管束沾污特性的半工业性试验研究。得出了不同横、纵向相对节距的螺旋翅片管束的沾污系数与烟速的拟合关联式,可应用于锅炉的受热面设计及运行分析。     

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of finned tube banks in forced convection (effects of fin height on pressure drop characteristics)

In recent years the requirement for the reduction of energy consumption has been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. For example, in the power generation field, as thermal power generation occupied 60% of the power generation demand, considerable improvement of the thermal efficiency is required. This paper describes the pressure drop characteristics of finned tube banks used for heat exchangers in thermal power generation that were clarified by testing serrated finned tube banks with different fin heights for improved heat transfer and conventional spiral finned tube banks with different fin heights, and an equation to predict pressure drop which is necessary for the heat exchanger design is proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(3): 179–193, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20112     

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the finned tube banks in forced convection (effects of fin height on heat transfer characteristics)

In recent years the requirement for the reduction of energy consumption has been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. For example, in the power generation field, as thermal power generation occupies 60% of the power generation demand, considerable improvement of thermal efficiency is required. This paper describes the heat transfer characteristics of finned tube banks used for the heat exchanger in thermal power generation that were clarified by testing serrated finned tube banks with different fin heights for improved higher heat transfer and conventional spiral finned tube banks with different fin height. Then an equation to predict the heat transfer coefficient which is necessary for the design of the heat exchanger was proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(3): 194–208, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20111     

顺排与叉排套片式换热器的热力性能对比研究

套片式换热器的管束排列形式一般都是叉排,顺排非常少见。由于顺排形式的套片式换热器通常比叉排的流动阻力更小,因而对一些流动阻力有限制的场合,可以考虑使用顺排形式的套片式换热器。为论证这一点,对某种结构形式的顺排套片式换热器和叉排套片式换热器的热力性能进行了对比研究。为便于对比、分析,两个换热器试件的纵向管间距及管排数设计成相等。结果显示:两个试件的热力性能非常接近。分析表明,在某些应用场合,套片式换热器排列成顺排是更合适的选择。图7参6     

Experimental studies on heat transfer enhancement of the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles for high‐pressure preheaters

A new heat transfer enhanced tube—the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles (IOSTF tube)—was developed and manufactured for improving the performance of high‐pressure preheaters. The triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the outside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the vertically fluted tube, and the triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the inside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the spirally fluted tube. The experiments show that the total heat transfer coefficient of the vertical IOSTF tube is 63–95 per cent larger than that of the smooth tube with only a slight increase in the inside flowing friction and the field results show that a 43 per cent increase in the total heat transfer coefficient of the high‐pressure preheater with the IOSTF tubes can be obtained. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

螺旋槽管凝结换热器的研究与应用

通过对螺旋槽管凝结换热器的试验研究,得到了螺旋槽管涉及相变时管内对流换热、管外凝结换热准则关联式以及管内流动阻力关联式,并依据试验结果,将螺旋槽管应用于电站凝结换热器,取得了满意的效果。     

Effect of inundation for condensation of steam on smooth and enhanced condenser tubes

The paper presents new measurements on the effect of inundation during condensation of steam in tubes banks. Most of the data relate to wire-wrapped enhanced tubes but measurements are also reported for low-finned and smooth tubes. The technique of artificial inundation has been used where liquid is supplied above a single horizontal test condenser tube to simulate condensate draining from higher tubes. Inundation rates have been used to simulate a column of up to almost 30 tubes. The surface temperature of the condenser tube was measured at four locations around the tube using buried thermocouples. The heat transfer and hence condensation rate was determined from the mass flow rate and temperature rise from coolant. The temperature and flow rate of the simulated inundation was carefully controlled. All tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure with constant vapour downflow approach velocity and constant coolant flow rate. For the given coolant and vapour flow rates and temperatures (same for all tests), and in the absence of inundation, the vapour-side heat-transfer coefficient for the finned tube was around four times that of the smooth tube while the heat-transfer coefficient for the wire-wrapped tubes was independent of winding pitch and around 30% higher than for the smooth tube. For inundation conditions the smooth tube data are in line with the widely used Kern equation relating the heat-transfer coefficient to the depth of a tube in the bank. The heat-transfer coefficient for the finned tube was virtually unaffected by inundation up to the maximum used which was equivalent to a depth of about 20 finned tubes in a bank. At this depth level the heat-transfer coefficient for the finned tube was around six times that of the smooth tube. For the wire-wrapped tubes the deterioration in performance with increasing inundation was least for the smallest winding pitch used for which the heat-transfer coefficient fell by around 9% at an equivalent depth in a bank of 25 tubes. At this depth level the heat-transfer coefficient for the wire-wrapped tube was almost twice that of the smooth tube.