多机系统中励磁与SVC的协调控制

主要研究基于结构保持模型的多机电力系统的暂态稳定性。将连接与阻尼分配?无源控制方法进行从常微分方程到微分代数方程的拓展,求解一类仿射非线性微分代数系统的调节问题。并用所提方法设计多机系统中的发电机励磁与静止无功补偿器的协调控制器,不再拘泥于单机系统的协调控制研究。该方法充分利用整个系统的物理结构,通过引入电气与机械动态之间的耦合项进行能量整形,加强两者之间的联系,保证闭环系统的渐近稳定性。仿真结果说明了协调控制器在阻尼振荡和增强电压稳定性上的有效性。     

基于ε—权衡“阻尼—时滞”电力系统广域阻尼控制

在解决电力系统区间低频振荡时存在广域信号延迟问题,对系统稳定运行带来巨大影响。针对此问题,首先建立时滞电力系统降阶数学模型;然后提出一种基于权衡的思想实现广域阻尼控制,通过利用线性矩阵不等式（LMI）工具箱并借助李雅普诺夫时滞稳定性判据求解广域阻尼控制器（WADC）参数,再利用时滞分割间接方法证明系统的稳定性,并对系统阻尼特性进行分析。最后以四机两区模型为例进行仿真,结果表明在约6 s时转子角和有功功率基本趋于稳定,相比其他常用广域阻尼控制器方法有效地改善电力系统阻尼稳定性。     

风电场中STATCOM抑制系统功率振荡

含虚拟惯量控制的风电场给系统的小干扰稳定带来了新的影响,在此背景下,研究利用风电场配置的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)附加阻尼控制对电力系统低频振荡的抑制。利用阻尼转矩法分析了虚拟惯量控制对风电并网系统阻尼特性的影响,提出利用风电场中配置的STATCOM增强系统动态稳定的控制策略。基于自抗扰理论设计了STATCOM附加阻尼控制器,以改善系统阻尼特性。基于DIg SILENT平台搭建典型的4机2区域系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了具有附加自抗扰阻尼控制作用的STATCOM能有效地阻尼系统功率振荡。     

含双馈风电场的互联电力系统虚拟惯量与虚拟阻尼协调控制方法

风电场的大规模接入会同时降低互联电力系统的相对惯性和阻尼,虚拟同步发电机(VSG)技术能够有效支撑电网频率,目前对VSG技术虚拟阻尼方面的研究成果较少。为了更有效地利用VSG虚拟阻尼,进一步提升高风电渗透率电力系统的稳定性,推导了VSG控制器参数与虚拟惯量、虚拟阻尼之间的数学关系,针对VSG虚拟惯量与虚拟阻尼调节存在的矛盾,提出一种结合系统主导振荡模式在线辨识和粒子群优化算法的VSG控制器参数协调控制策略。最后通过含双馈风电场的两区域互联电力系统仿真模型验证了所提控制策略的有效性,仿真结果表明所提控制策略可实现系统频率稳定性和功率稳定性的综合优化。     

基于无功优化的DFIG并网电力系统OSC-OPF算法

双馈感应发电机(DFIG)与同步发电机(SG)间动态交互,影响系统阻尼振荡能力。由于系统状态矩阵由SG和DFIG参数决定,推导振荡模式对受控参数灵敏度的难度增加。针对含DFIG的电力系统,为量化无功调节对阻尼振荡的控制效果,提出阻尼比对SG无功出力灵敏度的解析表达。引入最小阻尼比约束,提出基于无功优化的振荡稳定约束最优潮流(OSC-OPF)模型。根据OSC-OPF拉格朗日乘子,提出稳定约束下网损对SG无功容量的灵敏度。仿真结果证实,所提模型有助于降低风电系统网损并改善其阻尼振荡能力。     

Robustness of damping control implemented by Energy Storage Systems installed in power systems

An Energy Storage System (ESS) installed in a power system can effectively damp power system oscillations through controlling exchange of either active or reactive power between the ESS and power system. This paper investigates the robustness of damping control implemented by the ESS to the variations of power system operating conditions. It proposes a new analytical method based on the well-known equal-area criterion and small-signal stability analysis. By using the proposed method, it is concluded in the paper that damping control implemented by the ESS through controlling its active power exchange with the power system is robust to the changes of power system operating conditions. While if the ESS damping control is realized by controlling its reactive power exchange with the power system, effectiveness of damping control changes with variations of power system operating condition. In the paper, an example of power system installed with a battery ESS (BESS) is presented. Simulation results confirm the analytical conclusions made in the paper about the robustness of ESS damping control. Laboratory experiment of a physical power system installed with a 35 kJ/7 kW Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) was carried out to evaluate theoretical study. Results are given in the paper, which demonstrate that effectiveness of SMES damping control realized through regulating active power is robust to changes of load conditions of the physical power system.     

基于STATCOM-BESS有功无功控制的风电机组并网稳定性研究

为提升含高渗透率的由不同类型风电机组汇集的风电场接入系统后大电网的动态频率及电压稳定性,具备在二维空间功率运行调节能力的基于直流环储能装置的链式分级电平型静止无功发生器(STATCOM-BESS)现已广泛布局在风电场内,同时,基于STATCOM-BESS储能后备兼功率控制的双环结构附加阻尼控制可以平抑系统的功率振荡.在...     

Superconducting magnetic energy storage controller design and stability analysis for a power system with various load characteristics

A simultaneous active power and reactive power (P–Q) control scheme of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is proposed to enhance the damping of a power system. In order to control the P–Q modulation to the power system, a proportional-integral (PI) controller is used to provide a supplementary damping signal. The parameters of the PI controller are determined by a systematic pole assignment method based on modal control theory. Both static load and dynamic load are included to improve the system model fidelity. Eigenvalue analysis and time-domain nonlinear simulation, using a power system incorporating a composite load, are illustrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PI SMES controller for the damping of the studied system over a wide range of operating conditions. The control scheme also shows that the stability margin of the power system is expanded.     

Damping of system oscillatory modes by a phase compensated gas turbine governor

The proliferation of gas turbines in power systems increases the scope for taking advantage of mechanical torque control for improved network damping. This paper describes a phase compensated governor for a gas turbine and explores its potential contributions to system damping in a multimachine context. It is shown that the inclusion of phase compensation in the governor control loop is capable of achieving dynamic stability for the system without the need of a power system stabilizer (PSS) in the generator excitation control loop and without adversely influencing terminal voltage control. In addition, it is demonstrated that a phase compensated governor (PCG) is also capable of significantly improving transient stability and by complementing the effectiveness of a conventional PSS, enables a superior overall contribution to network damping.     

基于储能型稳控装置的电力系统阻尼特性分析

飞轮储能式柔性功率调节器(FPC)是一种以储能原理为基础的电力系统稳定控制装置.基于由一台同步发电机和一台FPC组成的双机无穷大系统模型,利用特征值分析法研究了FPC对电力系统阻尼特性的改善作用,并分别讨论了FPC功率调节响应速度和FPC可调功率对系统阻尼特性的影响.计算和仿真结果表明,FPC能够增加电力系统的总阻尼资源并优化阻尼分配,特别是FPC的动态有功功率调节能显著改善系统的阻尼特性并提高系统抑制低频振荡的能力.     

基于双端有源阻尼的直流配电网稳定性提升技术研究

恒功率负载大量接入直流配电网会引起直流侧电压振荡失稳,现有研究仅从单端VSC有源阻尼角度出发提高系统稳定性,然而单端有源阻尼改善效果有限,基于这一问题,提出双端VSC有源阻尼控制策略,不仅能提高系统稳定性,而且可提升系统带载能力。首先以下垂控制下的双端VSC直流配电网为研究对象,建立系统等效阻抗模型,然后分析恒功率负载造成系统失稳的原因,采用奈奎斯特稳定性判据分析恒功率负载对系统稳定性的影响,对比单端VSC有源阻尼控制策略与双端VSC有源阻尼控制策略的系统稳定性,最后通过PSCAD/EMTDC搭建仿真模型,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

MTPA控制下逆变器-IPMSM系统直流侧电压稳定性研究

在电机闭环控制系统中,由于转矩的快速跟随,可将逆变器-电机负载当做恒功率负载。恒功率负载的负阻抗特性使得牵引传动系统阻尼较小,从而引发直流侧电压和电流的振荡。通过深入分析牵引变流器模型、内置式永磁同步电机数学模型以及控制系统的数学模型,从机理上阐述了恒功率负载引发的牵引传动系统直流侧振荡产生的原因;进而通过小信号分析法,推导了最大转矩电流比控制下,逆变器-内置式永磁同步电机系统的导纳模型。在该导纳模型的基础上,通过频域下的伯德图以及奈奎斯特稳定性判据,分析了直流侧LC参数、电机电感参数、定子电阻参数以及功率对系统稳定性的影响,发现了各参数对稳定性的影响规律以及电机运行过程中的稳定性变化过程。基于该文的理论分析,实现了一种主动阻尼补偿方式,并通过仿真和实验验证了该补偿方式能有效增大系统阻尼,提升系统的稳定性。     

南方电网广域阻尼控制系统及其运行分析

广域控制是新一代大电网调控技术的发展方向.南方电网公司为提升区域间振荡阻尼,研发并安装了广域阻尼控制系统.该系统由位于6个500 kV站点的相量测量单元(PMU)、位于2个直流整流站的控制子站、位于总调的控制中央站以及广域控制和高压直流(HVDC)输电系统的接口组成,利用2回大容量直流的调制来改善电网动态稳定性.文中介绍了广域阻尼控制系统的设计思路、总体概况、系统的开环试运行情况,详细分析了2次闭环大扰动试验的结果.运行与试验表明该系统完全达到了增强区域间振荡阻尼的设计目的.     

STATCOM抑制低频振荡及稳定电压在风电场中的应用研究

连接到电网的大型风电场将影响系统的稳定性,因此,提出了一种结合阻尼支持和电压稳定的STATCOM附加控制方法。首先分析了STATCOM提供阻尼转矩和保持电压稳定二者的相互影响机理并提出基于自抗扰的控制方法,然后通过协调优化算法,对控制器的相关参数进行了优化设计,在保证稳定电压的同时有效抑制了低频振荡。典型的4机2区域系统由Digsilent平台搭建,并进行了仿真研究实现电压控制和阻尼控制的协调,更好地抑制了系统振荡并提高系统稳定性。     

Use of IPFC Detailed Dynamic Model for Analysis of Power Flow Control and Small-Signal Stability Enhancement

This paper presents a study of the power flow control capability of the interline power flow controller (IPFC) and its effect on small-signal stability enhancement. A detailed dynamic model of IPFC suitable for power system electromechanical stability analysis is developed in this paper. The power flow control capability of the proportional-integral (PI) controllers and their effect on power oscillation damping are evaluated first, and modal analysis of the power system is carried out to demonstrate their effectiveness in small-signal stability enhancement. Then the eigenvalue sensitivity based parameter optimization technique is adopted to optimize the control parameters of PI controllers in order to stabilize the oscillatory modes having insufficient damping ratios. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the IPFC with the proposed control is an effective tool for power flow control and small-signal stability enhancement, and the optimized PI controllers also have a positive effect on improving the performance of IPFC in power flow control. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

成碧线220 kV可控串补系统的控制策略和系统试验

采用可控串联补偿（TCSC）可以提高长距离弱联系系统的电网输送能力、阻尼系统低频振荡、提高系统稳定性。合理的控制策略能使TCSC产生更有效的作用。成碧线220 kV的TCSC系统控制策略主要针对电力系统的暂态稳定和阻尼振荡2个阶段进行设计,其控制器主要由阻抗控制环节、阻尼控制环节、暂态稳定控制环节以及保护环节、延时环节组成。系统试验证明:成碧线220 kV的TCSC装置能够平滑、快速地进行阻抗调节,有效阻尼系统低频振荡,提高系统稳定性。     

含储能的两级光伏功率振荡抑制策略研究

功率振荡一直是电力系统亟待解决的稳定性问题,研究含储能的大容量光伏并网抑制电力系统功率振荡与当下能源发展方向相符。首先建立含储能的两级光伏并网模型,设计抑制功率振荡的控制策略,同时采用阻尼转矩分析推导该控制策略对系统阻尼影响的物理意义,以特征值法分析复杂的多机系统。搭建含储能的两级光伏并入单机和多机系统仿真模型,采用时域仿真和特征分析,验证了控制策略抑制功率振荡的有效性,在多机系统中对目标机组振荡抑制效果更明显,有效提高了系统的稳定性。     

Advanced SVC control for damping power system oscillations

A new SVC (static VAR compensation) control for damping of power system oscillations has been developed. To increase system damping an SVC uses a phase angle signal estimated from the measurement of voltage and power at the SVC location. By means of an optimization and identification procedure, optimized design of the damping control with various control concepts can be determined, taking into account nonlinear power systems. As a result of this method it is possible to increase power system damping considerably, in particular in critical situations close to the stability limit, using only locally measured state variables at the SVC, thus leading to an increase in the transmission capability of the power system     

Steady-state Analysis of Voltage Source Converter (VSC) Connected to Weak AC System and Optimal Control Strategies

The power transfer limitation of voltage source converter (VSC) connected to weak AC system is restricted by three main elements: steady-state characteristic, small signal stability, and transient stability. In this paper, according to steady-state analysis, constraint condition and mathematical model of VSC system are established to figure out the appropriate operating point. A novel outer-loop control diagram is proposed. Meanwhile, a small signal model of VSC system is established. Based on participation factor analysis, the dynamic performance of phase-locked loop (PLL) have significant impacts on the system stability assessment. Therefore, an advanced PLL control appending damping factor is proposed. Simulations validated the following conclusions: 1) The optimal AC voltage of point of common coupling is associated with the equivalent AC system voltage, impedance, and the current limitation. The novel outer-loop controller can enhance the power transfer limitations. 2) The small signal stability of VSC can be enhanced by appending an alternative damping factor control on PLL. The advanced PLL has robustness which can endure a great active power disturbance in AC system. Simulations and calculations have been performed to validate the findings.     

独立电力系统电压源型LCL逆变器虚拟阻尼控制

在独立电力系统中,LCL逆变器作为电压源为电网提供稳定电压,其输出谐振是影响电力系统稳定性的重要因素之一。为了提高系统稳定性,对LCL逆变器输出谐振抑制方法进行了研究,在目前采用的前馈解耦双闭环控制系统的基础上进行改进,引入虚拟阻尼代替实际阻尼,通过有源控制,选取合理的采样点和反馈位置,得到一种基于滤波电容电压前馈的虚拟阻尼控制方法。理论分析和仿真验证表明:该方法避免了额外并联实际电阻所造成的系统损耗,同时有效降低了系统输出阻抗,提高了系统的稳定裕度。