浅谈啤酒发酵罐CIP清洗工艺改良

比较改良前后的废碱暴冲加碱循环清洗工艺,改良后的工艺确保了发酵罐的清洗效果,改善了微生物状况、节约生产成本。     

“冷酸洗”工艺在发酵罐清洗中的应用

1　传统的发酵罐清洗工艺常水 3 0′ 热碱 (80℃～ 85℃、3%～ 5% ) 3 0′ 热水(80℃～ 85℃ ) 2 0′ 无菌水 (或灭菌剂 ) 5′～ 10′。这种工艺以 80℃～ 85℃的热碱为主 ,因此我们可称之为“热碱”ＣＩＰ工艺。这种工艺对卫生指标尚可 ,但耗热量大 ,并且由于ＣＩＰ循环时温差大 ,对发酵罐的视镜、阀门泵等的损坏也大 ,另外刚刷完的发酵罐对接种酵母非常不利 ,为了达到工艺要求还需耗一定的冷量来中和这部分热量 ,否则就会影响酵母正常发酵。2　新型的发酵罐清洗工艺常水 3 0′ 温碱 (35℃～ 4 0℃ 1 5%～ 2 % ) 2 0′ 常温酸洗剂 (1 5%～ …     

啤酒发酵罐CIP冷清洗技术

影响CIP技术清洗效果的因素主要有:①污染物和被清洗体表面的吸附力大小;②被清洗体表面的粗糙程度;③清洗剂的浓度;④清洗时间;⑤清洗温度;⑥清洗剂的冲洗强度.冷清洗比热清洗具有耗能低、对发酵罐的腐蚀性小、节约水量和时间,对发酵罐壁的影响小.大型发酵罐适宜冷清洗,可减轻碱与CO2反应造成管道堵塞,减少对罐体的腐蚀,减轻大罐的变形,经济成本低.(孙悟)     

啤酒厂卫生技术综述(四)

ＣＩＰ清洗是解决啤酒厂设备内部卫生的主要手段。糖化与发醇是啤酒酿造的主体，ＣＩＰ清洗尤为重要。一般精化设备以碱清洗为主，而发酵罐和清酒罐则应以酸清洗为主，其清洗方法列表为例。（见表１） 表中例举的是市场上常用的艺康公司清洗消毒剂。啤酒厂的管道ＣＩＰ则为高温碱循环。 ＣＩＰ效果应从以下几方面加以综合，力求完美。 · ＣＩＰ程序设置的合理性 ·ＣＩＰ化学品选择的针对性及高效性能 · ＣＩＰ循环流体平衡性 · ＣＩＰ设备设计与选用的先进性 ·压力、温度、流速、化学品浓度等技术 参数的规范与合理性 与ＣＩＰ相对应的…     

CO_2气保焊丝表面清洗工艺研究

CO2气保焊丝表面清洗质量的好坏直接关系到焊丝镀层的质量。大多数生产企业表面清洗工艺采用传统的先碱后酸工艺:酸洗用于除锈,碱洗用于去除油脂、拉拔粉和其他污物。介绍2种焊丝生产表面清洗工艺,分析焊丝拉拔后的表面物质与涂层,通过试验阐述CO2气保焊丝的拉拔工艺及表面清洗过程。根据酸洗、碱洗的原理,指出酸洗能除锈、除脂,碱洗只除油不除脂。对比先酸后碱和先碱后酸2种清洗工艺的差别,指出先酸后碱优于先碱后酸的清洗工艺,能更好地解决焊丝镀层的表面清洗问题。     

谈谈啤酒发酵罐的清洗和灭菌

发酵罐的微生物状况对啤酒质量影响很大,清洁无菌是啤酒生产中卫生管理的基本要求.良好的CIP系统可以对发酵罐进行有效地清洗.对发酵罐的清洗机理、清洗方法、清洗程序、清洗剂/灭菌剂的选择以及CIP系统的运行质量等问题进行了探讨.     

啤酒发酵罐的清洗和灭菌技术

发酵罐的微生物状况对啤酒质量影响很大,清洁无菌是啤酒生产中卫生管理的基本要求。良好的CIP系统可以对发酵罐进行有效的清洗。本文对发酵罐的清洗机理、清洗方法、清洗程序、清洗剂和灭菌剂的选择以及CIP系统的运行质量等问题进行了探讨。     

谈谈碳钢发酵罐涂层及其清洗工艺

针对影响碳钢涂料发酵罐涂层质量的因素进行探讨,对涂料选择、施工过程、涂层日常维护等提出建议,并对碳钢涂料发酵罐清洗工艺进行研究分析,以寻找最佳清洗工艺,使大罐涂层质量达到理想的使用寿命,并确保发酵罐清洗洁净,符合纯种酿造的目的.     

纯生啤酒包装线的卫生控制(四)

１．发酵大罐（Ｕｎｉ—Ｔａｎｋｓ） 啤酒发酵罐的ＣＩＰ清洗与消毒可以有不同的选择：１．传统的碱性ＣＩＰ＋ＳｔａｂｉｌｏｎＷＴ０．２％。２．以酸性ＣＩＰ为主，即以 １．５％ｐ３—Ｔ．Ｓ．Ｐ循环清洗。３．碱性ＣＩＰ＋酸性ＣＩＰ全套清洗。假如平时是以碱清洗为主，每隔数批，应用酸ＣＩＰ清洗一次，这对于防止啤酒石尤为重要。无论是哪种清洗方法，在主清洗过水后须用Ｐ３－ＯＸＯＮＩＡ　 Ａｃｔｉｖｅ常温消毒。ｐ３—Ｏ．Ａ是一种ＵＳＤＡ认可的免过水消毒剂。它高效、无毒，残留物自动分解。免过水的优点不仅在于节约水耗与…     

浅谈淡季对大罐壁酒石的清洗

因为大罐壁酒石内极易附着各种有害菌,所以必须干净彻底的对发酵罐酒石进行定期清洗。本文结合自己的操作经验,浅谈一下对大罐酒石的清洗。1 清洁原理酒石的主要成分为草酸钙((CH_3COO)_2Ca),用酸清洗发生的反应如下:(CH_3COO)_2Ca+H~+→CH_3COOH+Ca~(2+)2 方法1)在发酵液滤出后,罐壁附着部分酒石污垢以及罐内残存部分 CO_2。先排掉 CO_2,以减少对碱的消耗,接好 CIP 循环管路,用60℃热水刷洗30min,除去大罐污垢。酒石严重时,可打开锥底节门和大罐     

Optimisation of Bacillus cereus biofilm removal in the dairy industry using an in vitro model of cleaning‐in‐place incorporating serine protease

This article addresses a major hygienic issue in the dairy industry, namely biofilm removal. Response surface methodology was deployed to optimise Bacillus cereus biofilm removal conditions using serine protease. The currently practiced alkali cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) method was also optimised, and while the optimised protease CIP resulted in complete removal of biofilm cells, the reference CIP (with alkali) resulted in a reduction of 4.08 log biofilm cells/cm² and the optimised alkali CIP resulted in a reduction of ～4.92 log biofilm cells/cm². Furthermore, the amount of the biofilm matrix removed in the optimised protease CIP was significantly higher than that of alkali CIP. It was concluded that the optimised protease CIP has better applicability.     

环丙沙星人工抗原的合成及鉴定

通过化学方法制备了环丙沙星的免疫抗原和包被抗原;分别采用碳二亚胺(EDC)法和氯甲酸乙丁酯法把环丙沙星与BSA进行了偶联制备了人工免疫抗原CIP-BSA,EDC法制备了包被抗原CIP-OVA,经PAGE、紫外分光光度法测定了人工合成抗原的偶联比,EDC法和氟甲酸乙丁酯法制得的CIP-BSA两分子结合比率分别为4:1和11:1,CIP-OVA中两分子结合比率为12:1.这为环丙沙星单克隆抗体的制备奠定了基础.     

CIP系统在啤酒厂的应用

CIP(原位清洗)系统，在啤酒生产中指采用合适的清洗剂和清毒剂对生产设备(如发酵罐、热交换器、泵、阀门、管道等)的内表面和其它相关容器内表面等无须进行拆卸和安装就能进行周期清洗和消毒的系统。该文对啤酒生产各个环节中CIP系统的应用进行了详细说明，并将其与其它清洗方法作了比较。提出CIP程序中清洗剂和清洗器的选择至关重要，每个企业应根据自身条件制定符合生产实际的CIP程序。     

CIP Cleaning Processes in the Dairy Industry

This paper presents the basic principles of CIP washing process in the dairy industry. CIP procedures mean automatic or semi-automatic internal sanitation of production facilities without dismantling them. This method of sanitation requires special design of the surfaces to be treated.     

环丙沙星单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

通过改进的碳二亚胺法制备环丙沙星- 牛血清白蛋白偶联物(CIP-BSA),用紫外扫描、十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法鉴定偶联物。利用制备的CIP-BSA 偶联物作为免疫原,免疫Balb/c 小鼠,用杂交瘤技术制备环丙沙星单克隆抗体,并对其效价、亲和力和特异性进行鉴定。结果表明：CIP-BSA 的偶联比为30:1。经间接酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法筛选,共筛出两株敏感、特异的杂交瘤细胞(JY-1、JY-2)。这两株细胞的腹水经纯化后的抗体效价分别为5.12 × 106、2.56 × 106,亲和力常数分别为2.88 × 109、2.46 × 109L/mol,两抗体均为IgG1a,取亲和力高的JY-1 进行竞争抑制测定,IC50 值可以达到9.83ng/mL。该单抗仅与恩诺沙星存在交叉反应,交叉反应率为95%。通过验证得到的JY-1 细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体可用于水产品中环丙沙星残留的快速检测。     

智能型就地清洗设备

本文介绍了就地清洗（ＣＩＰ）设备的第三代产品──智能型ＣＩＰ设备的构成、特点、规格与技术参数。ＣＩＰ工艺流程及其智能型的控制点流程、时序要求以及应用可编程序控制器（ＰＣ）来实现ＣＩＰ的逻辑控制。     

饮料生产中的CIP

针对我国一些饲料生产企业和生产CIP装置的企业对CIP过程存在的识区撰文说明。文章以CIP工作原理为出发点,对CIP做了定义,提出CIP在饮料生产中的重要性。对影响CIP效果的主要因素：机械力,温度,清洗剂和清洗时间等做了详细讨论,提出在清洗过程中对水和清洗剂的要求,文中着重介绍了CIP装置。     

Effect of complexation on the accumulation and elimination kinetics of cadmium and ciprofloxacin in the earthworm Eisenia fetida

Land application of solid wastes leads to the accumulation of both metals and antimicrobials in soils. To understand the effects of metal and antibiotic interaction on their accumulation by the earthworm Eisenia fetida, uptake and elimination kinetics and subcellular distribution of cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined. The kinetics was accurately described by a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. Bioaccumulation kinetics and subcellular distribution of CIP were not affected by Cd addition. However, Cd exhibited different metabolic and subcellular distribution patterns. With CIP, Cd uptake flux and elimination rate constants were about 2.2 and 9.8 times, respectively, those without CIP. In the presence of CIP, Cd redistributed from fractions D (associated with granules) and E (associated with tissue fragments and cell membranes) to fraction C (associated with cytosol). Without CIP, Cd in fraction C could not be excreted, whereas with CIP, Cd in fraction C was significantly excreted, and the excretion rate constant was consistent with that of CIP. A good relationship was found between CIP and Cd in earthworms during uptake and elimination periods (p < 0.01). Our results indicated that the Cd-CIP complex may be taken up, stored, and eliminated by earthworms.     

CIP system design and philosophy

CIP systems are now used in almost all sires and types of dairy plant. The history of this development is outlined and the major design influences are set out. The merits of the various types of CIP system in use currently are explained, as are the alternative component options now available. Consideration is given to the engineering principles and other factors that influence the cleaning efficiency of CIP systems. notably the commercial constraints which often determine design decisions. The influence of control equipment on CIP design has been significant and will continue to provide the main springboard for developments in the future.