选择性远红外涂料的研制和应用

本文依据辐射源和被作用对象的具体情况提出了研制适合不同应用目的的红外涂料的原理和方法。研究表明,远红外涂料的总发射率ε并非越高越好,只需使涂料在某波段内的发射率很高,而在其他波段的发射率较低,这样即可集中辐射源能量在选择性波段内实现高效远红外辐射,从而起到充分利用辐射源能量的作用,达到提高辐射源热效率的目的。     

HS-1型高温远红外辐射涂料

红外辐射涂料是一种减少热传播损失提高换热效率的节能材料。 HS-1型红外辐射涂料以Fe_2O_3、MnO_2等远红外辐射体为原料。在红外区域内,比辐射率接近黑体辐射;热膨胀系数很大,在800     

远红外辐射加热技术节能原理与应用

阐述了远红外辐射加热技术的特点，论述了远红外辐射节涂料的使用可以提高受热面辐射率，强化辐射传热，从而可以实现节能目的的原理。结合大庆油田的应用实际，指明了远红外辐射节能涂料的广阔应用前景。     

常温远红外陶瓷材料提高燃油燃烧效果的研究

介绍了常温远红外陶瓷材料在节油降耗方面的应用。在常用燃油对远红外线选择性吸收研究的基础上,确定了常温远红外陶瓷制品的特定辐射及制造工艺。并通过台架试验验证降低油耗的效果。     

高发射率远红外涂料作用的探讨

本文阐明了高发射率远红外涂料作用的机理，同时还研究了“ＪＳ－１号”远红外涂料，用它涂覆在国产硬质９５号玻璃上制成的加热器，其节能效果超过乳白石英加热器，并且成本可大幅度降低。本涂料具有粘结牢固、不粉化、不脱落等优点。     

学点辩证法——评远红外加热之争

远红外加热技术推广以来,始终存在着学术上的争论,其焦点有两个:远红外技术有无节电效果?涂料有无节电效果。两方都承认,远红外技术原理是成立的,具有节电作用。即加热物吸收和元件辐射其光谱相匹配时,加热效率最高,从而实     

DH—HB型高温远红外涂料的节能效果浅探

本文从热传递的三种方式:传导、辐射、对流推导出热工设备中使用高温远红外涂料后的节能效果,并在实测中证实推导的正确性。提出使用热工设备的节能途径。     

浅论远红外辐射涂料的填料

通过对工业废渣“TFZ”的远红外辐射性能的研究结果表明:工业废渣“TFZ”具有远红外辐射能力高的特点,可作为远红外辐射涂料的填料。     

消杂光反射涂料远红外波段反射率测试及误差分析

以空旷天空为冷背景,以在远红外波段高吸收率低反射率的常温面源黑体和低吸收率高反射率的漫反射镀金参考板作参考,采用夹逼的办法,测得消杂光反射涂料在远红外波段的发射率,从而间接测得消杂光反射涂料在远红外波段的反射率.通过进一步的公式推导与误差分析,说明该夹逼测试方法在测试高吸收率的消杂光反射涂料时,应该特别强调常温面源黑体发射率的定标精度,并在测试时保持常温面源黑体、漫反射镀金参考板、被测试品三者的温度一致.     

红外热风炉

山西朔州市平鲁机械厂研制生产的RFL-2500型红外热风炉,采用全板卷套筒式结构,集燃煤发热与换热器于一体,并在换热器内涂红外涂料,配有预热器,它具有体积小、重量轻、不需水、无高压、使用安全、升温快、节能效果好等特点。该炉每小时供热量达2913MJ,热效率为84％,热风出口温升为0～340℃,烟尘排放浓度为310.67(mg标,干、m~3),格林曼黑度1级,噪声61dB。它适用于煤矿井下防冻防潮、车间厂房、礼堂、影剧院、学校、住宅等场所采暖供暖,粮食、药材、木     

透明导电薄膜对太阳能平板集热器性能的影响

在介绍透明导电薄膜光学性质的基础上,分别讨论了不同情况下,太阳能平板集热器盖板采用镀有透明导电薄膜的玻璃对集热器的光热转换效率和保温性能的影响。结果表明,当集热器吸热板表面没有覆盖选择性吸收涂层,在盖板玻璃下表面镀有透明导电薄膜可以在一定温度范围内提高集热器的转换效率和保温性能,而当吸热板已覆盖有选择性吸收涂层时,盖板玻璃再镀透明导电薄膜,集热器辐射热损则减少很少,甚至不足以补偿由于玻璃透过率降低而增加的光反射损失,在这种情况下,盖板不宜再采用镀有透明导电薄膜的玻璃。     

涂层参数对卫星动态辐射特性影响分析

考虑卫星本体表面包覆绝热材料的实际物理状态,根据数值传热学和有限容积法建立了目标表面温度场的计算模型,对在轨飞行卫星的瞬态温度场进行数值模拟.考虑涂层表面自身辐射及空间轨道外热流等因素,建立了卫星多光谱有效辐射亮度的计算模型,计算了涂层表面在0.38～0.76μm、3～5μm和8～14μm波段的瞬态有效辐射亮度.分析了涂层参数(太阳短波吸收率α红外发射率ε)对瞬态温度和波段辐射亮度的影响.结果表明,卫星涂层温度同αε比值成正比,卫星的辐射能量主要集中在可见光和远红外波段,以及不能同时减小卫星在可见光和远红外波段的辐射能量.     

Performance Enhancement of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Coating with Luminescent Silicon Nanostructures

In this work we report a technique that is potentially capable of increasing the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells, which dominate the present-day market of photovoltaic devices. The simple and cost-effective method involves coating the surface of a commercially procured silicon solar cell with luminescent silicon nanocrystals. Core/shell silicon/silicon-oxide nanostructures are fabricated by an inexpensive and reproducible technique, where coarse silicon powders are repeatedly milled, oxidized, and etched until their sizes are reduced so as to exhibit room-temperature photoluminescence under ultraviolet excitation. A thin coating of these nanostructures on a standard solar cell, obtained by a simple dip-coating method, increases the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, which consequently increases the maximum power delivered by ~16.3% and efficiency by almost ～39%. We propose that the core/shell nanostructures act as luminescent convertors that convert higher-energy photons to lower-energy photons, thereby leading to less thermal relaxation loss of photoexcited carriers.     

Feasibility Study on the Use of a Solar Thermoelectric Cogenerator Comprising a Thermoelectric Module and Evacuated Tubular Collector with Parabolic Trough Concentrator

We have designed a new solar thermoelectric cogeneration system consisting of an evacuated tubular solar collector (ETSC) with a parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) and thermoelectric modules (TEMs) to supply both thermal energy and electricity. The main design concepts are (1) the hot side of the TEM is bonded to the solar selective absorber installed in an evacuated glass tube, (2) the cold side of the TEM is also bonded to the heat sink, and (3) the outer circulated water is heated by residual solar energy after TEM generation. We present an example solar thermal simulation based on energy balance and heat transfer as used in solar engineering to predict the electrical conversion efficiency and solar thermal conversion efficiency for different values of parameters such as the solar insolation, concentration ratio, and TEM ZT values.     

碟式斯特林太阳能小型直流发电系统的研究

随着社会的进步和发展,人们对于清洁能源的需求逐渐增大,因此,针对太阳能的开发利用和实践研究开始成为重点的研究对象。传统的太阳能热发电技术使得太阳能源没有得到充分的利用,很多能量被浪费。相关的研究资料和实验证明,碟式太阳能热发电在各种太阳能热发电中效率最高、应用效果最好,据此,我们选择碟式太阳能斯特发电系统作为研究对象,希望可以提高太阳能的综合利用效率,为相关人员起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

Application of ink jet technology on photovoltaic metallization

Computer-controlled ink-jet assisted metallization of the grid pattern of solar cells with metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) silver inks offers a maskless alternative method to conventional photolithographic thin-film technology and screen-printing technology. This method can provide low-cost, fine-resolution reduction in process complexity by direct ink-jet patterning, avoidance of degradation of p-n junctions by firing at low temperature (350°C), and uniform line film on rough-surface solar cells (unpolished solar cells for low-cost purposes). The metallization process involves jet-printed metallo-organic inks, belt furnace firing, and thermal spiking. With titanium thin-film underlayer as an adhesion promoter and multilayer ink jet printing, solar cells of 8.08% average efficiency without AR coating can be obtained. This efficiency value is approximately equal to that of thin-film metallized solar cells of the same lot     

A New Approach to Model‐Based Simulation of Disordered Polymer Blend Solar Cells

The 3D nanomorphology of blends of two different (organic and inorganic) solid phases as used in bulk heterojunction solar cells is described by a spatial stochastic model. The model is fitted to 3D image data describing the photoactive layer of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐ZnO (P3HT‐ZnO) solar cells fabricated with varying spin‐coating velocities. A scenario analysis is performed where 3D morphologies are simulated for different spin‐coating velocities to elucidate the correlation between processing conditions, morphology, and efficiency of hybrid P3HT‐ZnO solar cells. The simulated morphologies are analyzed quantitatively in terms of structural and physical characteristics. It is found that there is a tendency for the morphology to coarsen with increasing spin‐coating velocity, creating larger domains of P3HT and ZnO. The impact of the spin‐coating velocity on the connectivity of the morphology and the existence of percolation pathways for charge carriers in the resulting films appears insignificant, but the quality of percolation pathways, considering the charge carrier mobility, strongly varies with the spin‐coating velocity, especially in the ZnO phase. Also, the exciton quenching efficiency decreases significantly for films deposited at large spin‐coating velocities. The stochastic simulation model investigated is compared to a simulated annealing model and is found to provide a better fit to the experimental data.     

宽波长太阳能电池抗反射层结构设计

为了降低太阳能电池表面对入射光的反射,提高其光电转换效率,设计了入射光谱在400～1100 nm宽波长范围内的二维亚微米抗反射层结构.该结构主要由高折射率ZnS膜层、低折射率MgF_2膜层及二维亚微米光栅层等组成.采用严格耦合波分析理论计算了此结构的反射特性,当ZnS膜层、MgF_(2)膜层、光栅深度及光栅周期分别为50 nm、150 nm、200 nm及400 nm,入射角在0～80°变化时,其平均反射率为7.76%.计算结果表明:所设计的抗反射层结构可有效降低太阳能电池表面对入射光的反射,从而提高其光电转换效率.     

Use of porous silicon antireflection coating in multicrystallinesilicon solar cell processing

The latest results on the use of porous silicon (PS) as an antireflection coating (ARC) in simplified processing for multicrystalline silicon solar cells are presented. The optimization of a PS selective emitter formation results in a 14.1% efficiency multicrystalline (5×5 cm²) Si cell with evaporated contacts processed without texturization, surface passivation, or additional ARC deposition. Specific attention is given to the implementation of a PS ARC into an industrially compatible screen-printed solar cell process. Both the chemical and electrochemical PS ARC formation method are used in different solar cell processes, as well as on different multicrystalline silicon materials. Efficiencies between 12.1 and 13.2% are achieved on large-area (up to 164 cm² ) commercial Si solar cells