固溶处理对1种镍基单晶高温合金组织的影响

采用光镜、扫描电镜对1种镍基单晶高温合金的铸态组织和不同温度固溶处理后的组织进行了观察，研究了不同温度固溶处理对γ′相尺寸、γ／γ′共晶、成分偏析的影响。结果表明：合金枝晶间γ′相的固溶温度高于枝晶干γ′相的固溶温度，随固溶处理温度的升高，γ′相尺寸略有增加，γ／γ′共晶量及成分偏析降低；1290℃，4h，AC固溶处理后合金枝晶干、间γ′相全部固溶，1310℃，4h，AC固溶处理后合金中γ/γ′共晶全部消除，1320℃固溶处理时，合金中出现初溶现象；确定1310℃，4h，AC为合金的固溶处理工艺。     

固溶处理对新型镍钴基高温合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用OM、SEM和拉伸试验等研究了固溶温度和固溶时间对新型镍钴基高温合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,晶粒尺寸变化与一次γ′相含量变化一致,固溶温度低于1110℃时,随着固溶温度升高或固溶时间延长,残留的一次γ′相钉扎晶界,晶粒尺寸增加较缓。固溶温度为1110℃时,延长固溶时间至4 h时,一次γ′相基本回溶,晶粒尺寸迅速增加,进一步延长固溶时间至6 h时,晶粒尺寸增加减缓,即合金中一次γ′相的全溶温度为1110℃。合金在1100℃固溶4 h和双级时效处理(670℃×24 h,空冷+780℃×16 h,空冷)后的抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为1584 MPa和1104 MPa。因此,合金的固溶温度宜选取为1100℃,固溶时间宜选取为4 h。     

退火温度对高纯Al-1wt% Si合金组织及性能的影响

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察,硬度、电导率的测试,观察高纯Al-1wt%Si合金中共晶相分布随再结晶退火温度的变化,研究其对材料组织、硬度及电导率的影响.结果表明,合金开始再结晶温度为300℃,晶粒开始长大温度为450℃;合金硬度值随共晶Si相固溶量的增大而升高,电导率随其固溶量的增大而降低;共晶Si相在a-Al基体中固溶时,退火温度高于450℃扩散系数增大、510℃达到固溶极限.     

某新型粉末高温合金的晶粒细化

运用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,对热等静压态的某新型粉末高温合金进行了形变温度在1120～1170℃和应变速率在2×10-3～2×10-1s-1下的热压缩实验研究。实验结果表明:热压缩过程发生了动态再结晶,形变温度和应变速率对动态再结晶细化晶粒有重要影响;在高应变速率、低于γ′相完全固溶温度下可获得动态再结晶细晶组织;在高于γ′相完全固溶温度下再结晶晶粒尺寸粗化;其动态再结晶晶粒平均尺寸与Zener-Hollomon参数呈双对数线性关系。     

氮及热处理制度对028合金微观组织的影响

借助Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,分析了028合金主要元素对氮饱和溶解度和平衡相析出温度的影响,设计了不同氮含量的试验合金。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等方法研究了不同固溶温度下试验合金的微观组织。结果表明,Cr、Mo和Mn提高氮的饱和溶解度,Ni、Cu降低氮的饱和溶解度;Ni显著降低σ相析出温度,Cr、Mo显著提高σ相析出温度。随着固溶温度的升高,晶粒的等轴性提高,在1080 ℃固溶时,试验合金充分固溶获得再结晶完全的等轴晶。当固溶温度超过1110 ℃时,试验合金回复再结晶完全,晶粒迅速长大;固溶温度相同条件下,氮含量越高,试验合金的平均晶粒尺寸越小,说明氮可以起到细化晶粒的作用。     

不同热处理工艺下6111铝合金的组织及抗晶间腐蚀

采用金相显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究6111铝合金经不同温度固溶、预时效后的组织和晶间腐蚀情况。结果表明，在不同温度固溶和预时效后，晶粒均发生了再结晶，部分晶粒沿着轧制方向拉长，520℃和540℃固溶后的平均晶粒尺寸为60～70μm, 560℃固溶后的平均晶粒尺寸略大于520℃和540℃,为80μm左右。520℃固溶、80℃预时效后的抗晶间腐蚀最差，腐蚀深度为191.59μm, Q相在晶界处连续分布，表面晶粒尺寸较小；540℃固溶、80℃预时效后的抗晶间腐蚀最好，腐蚀深度为59.63μm, Q相在晶界处断续分布，并未发现尺寸较小的表面晶粒。     

喷射沉积2195铝锂合金轧制板材晶粒组织及性能控制研究

研究了喷射沉积制备2195铝锂合金锭坯挤压板坯经不同终轧温度热轧至6mm厚度板材,以及经不同中间退火后再冷轧至6mm厚度板材固溶后的晶粒组织。结果表明,终轧温度290℃时,热轧板固溶后表层为粗大再结晶晶粒,而中心层为细长纤维状晶粒;终轧温度降低至220℃时,虽然表层再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,但中心层转变为尺寸粗大的长条状再结晶晶粒。板材中尺寸1μm以上的富Cu第二相粒子数量随中间退火(空冷)温度的增加(从330℃提高至450℃)而增加;冷轧固溶后表层等轴状再结晶晶粒尺寸增加,而中心层晶粒逐渐由粗大长条状再结晶晶粒转变为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。适当温度中间退火、随炉冷却并冷轧、固溶后表层和中心层全部为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。优化中间退火后的冷轧板材T8时效态强度最高,而终轧温度220℃的热轧板材T8时效态强度最低。     

热处理对Ti-Mo合金组织及硬度的影响

对TiMo合金进行不同温度固溶处理,研究组织演变规律、硬度随温度的变化规律及其再结晶温度。结果表明：从750℃到820℃固溶,硬度呈现降低-升高-降低的变化规律;3%的α相含量与平均晶粒尺寸31.8μm的β晶粒混合组织形态具有硬度最小值（251.8 HV5）;合金的相变点为790～800℃;合金再结晶起始温度为760℃,完全再结晶温度为770℃。     

Si元素对变形铝合金再结晶影响

围绕不同的成分、变形温度和变形量同再结晶退火后的合金硬度之间的关系,通过偏光显微组织分析以及硬度测试对铝硅合金变形再结晶进行了研究。结果表明,铝硅合金在500℃进行0.5 h固溶处理后以较快的速度进行变形会使得退火后再结晶晶粒尺寸变大。硅含量较少的时候可以促进铝硅合金再结晶的发生,并使再结晶晶粒粗化,而当硅含量大于1%之后,随着硅含量的增加再结晶晶粒会显著减小。     

固溶温度对GH4720Li合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、场发射电镜和力学性能测试,研究了固溶温度对GH4720Li合金显微组织(晶粒、γ′相)及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,一次γ′相含量减少,三次γ′相尺寸增大,晶粒长大的趋势也变得明显。当固溶温度超过1120 ℃后,一次γ′相回溶迅速,晶粒长大迅速,晶粒尺寸分布不均匀性增加。固溶温度与强度呈抛物线性关系,在1130 ℃强度出现峰值;固溶温度的升高,合金塑性下降,固溶温度超过1100 ℃时塑性下降得更快。680 ℃/830 MPa持久拉伸试验表明,随着固溶温度的提高,持久时间增加,当固溶温度超过1100 ℃持久时间增加明显,但超过1130 ℃持久时间基本不变;随着固溶温度的提高,持久塑性下降,但在1110 ℃之前下降缓慢,超过该温度塑性降低很快,甚至不达标。并讨论了固溶温度-组织-力学性能之间的关联性,该结果为GH4720Li合金盘件的固溶热处理工艺的选择提供了理论参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。