盘龙七的体外抗氧化活性研究

以维生素C为对照,采用流动注射-化学发光法、紫外可见分光光度法和荧光光谱法测定盘龙七提取物对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O_2~-)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)的清除能力,研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,流动注射-化学发光法测定盘龙七水提物和醇提物在鲁米诺-碳酸盐缓冲液-邻苯三酚体系中的IC50值分别为0.17μg·mL~(-1)和0.03μg·mL~(-1),在鲁米诺-碳酸盐缓冲液-H_2O_2体系中的IC50值分别为15.06μg·mL~(-1)和0.03μg·mL~(-1);紫外可见分光光度法测定盘龙七水提物和醇提物对·OH的清除率分别为91%和98%,对·O_2~-的清除率分别为96%和97%;荧光光谱法测定盘龙七水提物和醇提物对·OH的清除率分别为92%和91%,对·O_2~-的清除率分别为97%和94%。盘龙七具有较高的抗氧化活性,其对·OH、·O_2~-、H_2O_2等3种自由基的清除作用随浓度的增加逐渐增强,呈良好的线性关系。该研究为盘龙七药材的深度开发以及抗氧化性能研究提供了理论基础。     

TiO2／UV／O2和TiO2／UV／N2体系降解水中对氯硝基苯

以商用TiO2P25为催化剂,分别在TiO2/UV/O2和TiO2/UV/N2两种体系下进行降解对氯硝基苯(pCNB)试验.采用ESR对两种体系下光催化反应形成的.OH进行测定,利用LC-MS对两种体系下反应形成的中间产物进行了定性和定量分析,最后对pCNB降解过程中氯和硝基的存在形式进行了研究.结果表明:TiO2/UV/O2体系的催化降解效果要明显优于TiO2/UV/N2体系;两种反应体系都有.OH产生,并且TiO2/UV/O2体系产生的.OH的量多于TiO2/UV/N2体系产生的.OH的量;TiO2/UV/O2体系形成的中间产物的种类要多于TiO2/UV/N2体系形成的,苯环上的氢、氯、硝基均可被.OH取代形成对硝基酚(pNP)、5-氯-2-硝基酚(5-C-2-PN)等酚类物质;两种体系下均有Cl-和NO2-存在,其中Cl-生成势与pCNB的去除势一致,只有TiO2/UV/O2体系中存在NO3-.     

磺胺吡啶在光助-二茂铁/H_2O_2非均相体系中的降解

抗生素在地表水中广泛检出,且可诱导细菌菌群抗药性,因而发展新型抗生素的去除技术势在必行。本研究基于二茂铁(Fc)良好的可逆化学特性、难溶于水、环境友好特性发展了一种光助-二茂铁/H_2O_2(Fc+H_2O_2+UV)氧化技术。以水环境中经常检出的磺胺吡啶为模型化合物,研究了磺胺吡啶在该氧化体系中的降解行为。研究结果发现,相对于常见的Fenton体系,磺胺吡啶在Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中呈现出优异的降解效率。自由基淬灭实验发现·OH是主导磺胺吡啶降解的最主要活性物种。自由基探针实验证实Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中存在电子转移过程,H_2O_2接受电子后产生·OH进而促进磺胺吡啶降解。     

卵磷脂的抗氧化性研究

主要探究卵磷脂的抗氧化作用,通过采用水杨酸法、DPPH法、连苯三酚自氧化法分别测定卵磷脂对羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)的清除作用。结果表明:在2～20 mg/mL浓度范围内,随着卵磷脂样品含量的增加,自由基清除率也增加。在20 mg/mL时,对·OH和DPPH·的清除率高达93. 38%和69. 72%,在10 mg/mL时,对O_2~-·的清除率为65. 3%。相同条件下,标准VC(1 mg/mL)对·OH、DPPH·的清除率分别为91. 20%、96. 18%。由此可知:卵磷脂对·OH、DPPH·、O_2~-·都有良好的清除作用     

Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系O_2生成路径

掌握Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系O_2的生成路径,可为避免H_2O_2无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系内各种自由基对O_2生成速率的影响,进而确定O_2的生成路径。结果表明:Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系内不会产生大量O_2~-·,O_2~-·不是生成O_2的主要反应物质;·OH被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量HO_2·,但此时无O_2生成,证明生成O_2的反应由·OH和HO_2·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO_2=H_2O+O_2是Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系内O_2生成的主要路径。控制Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO_2·的产生,是提高Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系中H_2O_2利用率的有效手段。     

(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn/TiO_2复合材料光催化降解染料废水的研究

利用生物模板法制备TiO_2,将(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn负载于TiO_2上,制备具有多孔结构的(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn/TiO_2复合材料。采用XRD、DRS、SEM、TEM和XPS等手段表征了(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn/TiO_2的微观形貌和结构。采用Tauc Plot法计算(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn/TiO_2的禁带宽度为2.45 e V,吸收波长达到506 nm。通过可见光催化性能实验考察了(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn和TiO_2的质量添加比对AR3R降解效果的影响。结果表明,当(NH_4)_3PW_(11)O_(39)Sn和TiO_2的质量比为1∶1时对AR3R的降解效果较好,可见光下反应30 min,降解率可达100%左右。自由基捕获实验结果表明,降解过程中h~+和·OH起主要的氧化作用,·O_2~-起辅助作用。     

不同猝灭剂对SO4·-和·OH高级氧化体系的猝灭效果

高级氧化技术(AOPs)对有机物有显著的降解能力,尤其对含有农药、染料、药物与个人护理品等难降解有机污染物废水的处理效果较好。研究者将AOPs引入有机废水的处理过程中。在AOPs降解有机污染物的研究中,常需要添加猝灭剂终止反应,以获得实验数据。探讨了不同种类猝灭剂对基于硫酸根自由基(SO_4·~-)和羟基自由基(·OH)的2种高级氧化体系的猝灭效果。用二价铁活化过硫酸盐法(Fe~(2+)/PS)与Fenton法(Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2)获得SO_4·~-和·OH,以罗丹明B(RhB)作为降解物,对比研究了亚硫酸钠(Na_2SO_3)、亚硝酸钠(NaNO_2)、抗坏血酸(AA)、甲醇(MeOH)、乙醇(EtOH)和叔丁醇(TBA)作为猝灭剂的猝灭效果。实验结果显示,在SO_4·~-氧化体系中,NaNO_2和AA的猝灭效果较好;而·OH氧化体系下,NaNO_2、MeOH、EtOH和TBA的猝灭效果更佳。     

Fe2+/HSO3-和Fe2+/S2O82-体系降解双氯酚酸研究

研究采用Fe~(2+)/S_2O_8~(2-)和Fe~(2+)/HSO_3~-两体系降解水中双氯酚酸(DCF)。结果表明,S_2O_8~(2-)、HSO_3~-与催化剂Fe~(2+)的优化摩尔比分别为1:1和10:1,反应5 min,DCF的降解率分别可达90%、100%。在Fe~(2+)/S_2O_8~(2-)体系中,Cl~-可促进DCF降解,富里酸(FA)、草酸跟、柠檬酸根和磷酸根则有轻微抑制作用;而在Fe~(2+)/HSO_3~-体系中,Cl~-对DCF降解有轻微抑制作用,FA和4种常见铁离子配体则呈现明显抑制。SO_4~(·-)是两体系的主要活性自由基,Fe~(2+)/HSO_3~-体系中,SO_3~(·-)和SO_5~(·-)对DCF的降解也有一定作用。在Fe~(2+)/S_2O_8~(2-)体系中,几乎无脱氯反应发生;而在Fe~(2+)/HSO_3~-体系中,则呈现较好的脱氯效率。     

山豆根多糖的微波预处理-热水浸提工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

采用微波预处理-热水浸提山豆根多糖,考察微波功率、解析剂比、微波时间、液料比、提取温度、提取时间对多糖得率的影响,山豆根多糖纯化后,以超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)和羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力评价其体外抗氧化活性。最佳工艺条件为:微波功率640 W,解析剂比6∶1 m L/g,微波时间100 s,提取温度80℃,液料比30∶1 m L/g,提取时间40 min,该工艺条件下,多糖得率达6.37%。多糖浓度为0.5 mg/m L时,多糖对O_2~-·和·OH的清除率分别为85.03%和97.41%。微波预处理-热水浸提技术具有省时高效的特点,特别适用于多糖类物质的提取。     

UV/H_2O_2和UV/TiO_2降解磺胺甲噁唑的研究

采用UV/H_2O_2和UV/TiO_2两种工艺降解磺胺甲噁唑(SMX),确定了H_2O_2和TiO_2的最佳投加量,在保持最佳投加量的条件下研究了SMX初始浓度、反应溶液初始pH、叔丁醇投加量对两种方法降解SMX效果的影响,为研究两种方法在降解SMX过程中的矿化程度测定了TOC的去除情况。结果表明,两种方法都对SMX具有较好的去除效果,整体而言UV/H_2O_2对SMX的降解速率高于UV/TiO_2;UV/H_2O_2的降解速率更易受到SMX初始浓度、反应溶液初始pH的影响;UV/H_2O_2对SMX的降解过程中·OH的氧化作用和UV直接降解都是去除SMX的主要作用,而UV/TiO_2中UV直接降解和空穴直接氧化是去除SMX的主要作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。