大米奶啤饮料的研制

以大米、麦芽、牛乳为主要原料，利用乳酸菌、酵母菌进行两阶段发酵，研制大米奶啤饮料，以感官评分为指标，通过单因素、正交实验对大米糖化、大米奶啤饮料的加工工艺和产品配方进行了优化。结果表明：利用乳酸菌发酵牛乳完成第一阶段发酵，将粉碎后的大米，按照米水比1∶9的比例，100℃煮沸30 min后，92℃时加入α-淀粉酶糖化1.5 h，过滤得到大米汁，加入麦芽汁、第一阶段的发酵乳（大米汁∶发酵乳质量比为2∶5）和白砂糖（质量分数为4%），再利用酵母菌完成第二阶段发酵，酿制成的大米奶啤饮料不仅米香浓郁、奶香醇厚、麦香柔和，风味饱满，而且酸甜可口，具有适度杀口感，口感细腻爽滑。     

鲜牛乳饮料酒的研究

以鲜牛乳为主要原料,蔗糖为辅料,利用酵母菌和乳酸菌混合协同发酵,制作鲜牛乳饮料酒。牛乳发酵饮料酒的最佳发酵工艺条件为：乳酸菌0．1‰、酵母菌1．2‰、白砂糖12％;乳酸菌和酵母菌协同发酵,发酵分两步进行,前发酵在30qE下发酵32h,后发酵在42℃下发酵6h。采用上述工艺条件发酵得到的牛乳饮料酒,外观澄清透明,香气饱满,风味纯正。     

酵母菌与乳酸菌混合发酵制备酸豆浆酒的研究

对酵母菌与乳酸菌混合发酵制备酸豆浆酒的工艺进行了研究。其最佳发酵条件为:豆浆加入8%蔗糖后,在33℃接入0.5%酵母菌恒温发酵18h,然后接入7%乳酸菌在42℃发酵22h。发酵产品的乙醇含量为2.03%,酸度为79.38oT,口感幼滑,酸度适中,组织状态均匀、无渣状物质、苦味和涩味,具有醇香和豆乳香。     

乳酸菌联合酵母菌发酵制备一种新型沙棘酒

该试验采用生物降酸的方式,利用乳酸菌联合酵母的发酵方法,克服传统果酒发酵时间长、发酵不易控制、风味较差等缺点,制备一种新型的适合大众饮用的沙棘酒。通过单因素及正交试验研究接菌量（乳酸菌/酵母菌）、发酵温度及发酵时间对沙棘酒品质的影响。结果表明,当接菌比例（乳酸菌/酵母菌）为3%∶5%,发酵温度为30 ℃,发酵时间为96 h时,所制的沙棘酒感官评分为93分。     

核桃奶酒的工艺优化

以鲜牛乳和核桃为原料,核桃经粉碎、磨浆、脱脂、调配等工序后以体积分数10%加入鲜牛乳中,并接酵母菌和乳酸菌进行混菌发酵得到核桃奶酒。通过单因素试验和正交试验设计优化发酵工艺。结果表明,发酵初始pH和发酵时间是影响核桃奶酒品质的显著因子,而发酵温度,不同酵母菌与乳酸菌的比例对核桃奶酒品质影响较小。当酵母菌与乳酸菌菌种比例为3%∶1%,发酵温度为30 ℃,发酵初始pH为4.5,发酵时间为8 d,可得到香味突出、口味独特的核桃奶酒。     

固定化乳酸菌制备酸奶

通过游离乳酸菌和固定化乳酸菌的凝乳实验，证明固定化乳酸菌适合制备酸奶。乳酸发酵体系的单一因素和正交实验确定了发酵制备酸奶的最佳工艺条件：每100mL牛乳中添加20g固定化乳酸菌；添加8％(质量分数)蔗糖；培养温度42℃。     

自然发酵牛乳中乳酸菌和酵母菌的活菌动态变化

构建三批次各100 kg牛乳自然发酵体系,通过分析乳酸菌和酵母菌的活菌动态变化,对两者间的相互作用进行研究。结果表明,在（20±1）℃的自然发酵温度下,持续发酵56 h,pH值下降至4.6～5.0,发酵牛乳逐渐分层并形成上层奶嚼口和下层凝乳。连续三个批次发酵牛乳中奶嚼口和凝乳的乳酸菌平均活菌数分别为（12.02±1.21）lg（CFU/mL）和（11.54±1.30）lg（CFU/mL）,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;而凝乳中酵母菌平均活菌数[（6.39±0.60）lg（CFU/mL）]显著低于奶嚼口[（4.56±0.30）lg（CFU/mL）]（P＜0.05）。活菌动态变化表明,在牛乳自然发酵过程中,乳酸菌的生长具有延迟期、对数期、稳定期三个典型阶段,而酵母菌没有明显的对数期,随着乳酸菌的生长反而抑制酵母菌的生长。     

利用开菲尔粒制作酸牛乳酒的研究

酸牛乳酒(Kefir)不仅具有爽快的酸味和起泡性,而且具有较高的营养价值和食疗保健功能。对发酵剂和酸牛乳酒发酵条件研究结果表明,脱脂乳中添加1%的乳糖、0.004%的蛋氨酸有利于开菲尔粒的增殖,发酵剂最佳发酵条件为:温度23℃、开菲尔粒接种量3%、时间48h、乳浓度12%,按最优组合制备的发酵剂凝乳时间、韧天青还原时间分别较最佳实验组缩短102min和2min,乳酸菌数(5.6×108cfu/mL)和酵母菌数(4.5×105cfu/mL)分别较最佳实验组增加1.4×108cfu/mL和6.0×104cfu/mL,符合酸牛乳酒发酵剂乳酸菌数108~109cfu/mL、酵母菌数105~106cfu/mL的要求;酸牛乳酒最佳发酵条件为发酵剂接种量5%、温度28℃、时间20h、蔗糖用量10%,组织状态均匀、细腻,口感滑润、清爽,风味柔和、醇厚,酸度、酒精度适中。      

牛乳经酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵生产低醇乳酒的研究

用鲜牛乳为主要原料,添加蔗糖和营养素等辅料,经酵母和乳酸菌混合接种发酵,生产出低醇乳酒。通过对2种菌发酵方式的选择、协同性发酵实验、乳酸菌接种量和营养素的添加、发酵条件优化及发酵过程分析和发酵终点确定的研究,结果表明,当蔗糖添加量为10%时,乳酸菌的接种量为1%;牛乳酒生产的最佳配方及工艺条件是牛乳用量30%,营养素添加量70mg/L,酵母接种量8%,温度28℃。经生产性实验,在总发酵时间28h,乳酒产品酒精含量达到2·02%,呈乳白色,状态均匀,泡沫细腻,乳香、酒香和谐一体。     

香蕉酸牛乳发酵工艺的研究

将香蕉泥与牛奶调配接种乳酸菌发酵制成凝固型香蕉酸牛乳。研究不同工艺、不同稳定剂及配方的优化对香蕉酸牛乳成品品质的影响,确定香蕉酸牛乳的最佳发酵工艺。结果表明:质量分数为10%的奶粉与质量分数为7%的蔗糖混合,加入质量分数为10%的香蕉果泥、0.05%的KMC与0.05%的明胶混合稳定剂,加热杀菌、冷却后接入质量分数为3%的菌种,在42℃下发酵3h,4～5℃下冷藏12～20h,所得产品凝乳结实、口感细腻、酸甜适口、香蕉味和酸乳味协调、风味独特。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press