多振子串联压电俘能器性能分析与测试

为实现低频、大振幅、高强度振动能量回收,提出多振子串联压电振动俘能器,在理论、试验两方面研究压电振子数量/电学连接方式、集中质量及激励频率等对其性能影响规律。结果表明,增加集中质量及压电振子数量均可有效降低俘能器基频、提高发电量/输出功率;压电振子电学串/并联时输出电压及使输出功率最大、最佳负载不同,但产生的电能及在最佳负载下的输出功率相同。制作1/2/4组压电振子构成的俘能器,进行不同集中质量、频率、压电振子电学连接方式及负载的对比试验。单组压电振子在集中质量292 g的最佳频率及发电量分别为集中质量36.5 g的0.6倍、1.92倍;4组压电振子电学并联时的最佳频率及发电量分别为单组的0.58倍、2.2倍;两组压电振子电学串/并联的最佳负载及最大输出功率分别为42.3/10.6 kΩ、232.8/202.7 mW。     

一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器EI北大核心CSCD

为满足气流管道监测系统的自供电需求,提出一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器。建立了俘能器的理论模型并进行了仿真分析,设计制作了样机并进行了试验测试,获得了磁铁排布、附加质量、压电振子串并联及负载电阻对其输出特性的影响规律。结果表明:在其他条件确定时,存在多个较佳气压使输出电压出现峰值,主频峰值的大小和分频的位置均与激励磁铁排布有关;通过附加质量可以调节最佳气压和输出电压峰值,采用多个不同附加质量的压电振子串联或并联可以拓宽俘能器的气压适应范围;存在不同的最佳负载使多个压电振子串联和并联时俘能器的输出功率达到最大,最佳负载及其所对应的最大输出功率分别为(40 kΩ,41 mW),(15 kΩ,50 mW)。     

基于压电效应的声能量收集

对圆盘式压电能量收集器在声场作用下的电能输出效果进行了研究。将处于夹持状态的压电陶瓷片,放置在单频稳态的正弦波形声场中,由于激振作用,压电陶瓷片会产生形变。实验结果表明,在器件处于谐振状态时输出电压和功率会达到最大值。在正弦声场中,当声波频率达到907 Hz的谐振频率时压电陶瓷片的开路输出电压可以达到4.6 V;在110 dB的声场中,当负载电阻达到11.2 kΩ时,输出功率最大可达60.4μW。     

被动湍流控制圆柱驰振能量收集的等效电路研究

为更好的预测驰振压电能量收获机的性能,首先建立了等效电路仿真模型(ECM)并通过实验验证,最大误差不超过10%。采用该方法分析了被动湍流控制(PTC)下圆柱驰振压电能量收集的仿真模型,且该方法可将驰振能量转化系统的质量-弹簧-阻尼(M-C-K)控制方程中各参数用等效电路的电子元件来表示,从而可以分析过往仿真手段所不能解决的直流电路耦合问题。其次,从能量收集效率角度分析了交流-直流等效电路中临界风速(Ucr)随外接载荷的变化规律,及输出电压与功率随不同风速和外界载荷的变化规律。结果表明,交流电路中Ucr随载荷的增大先增大后减小,直流电路中Ucr随载荷的增大逐渐减小。当风速达到Ucr的最大值时,驰振在任一电阻下均会发生。U≥Ucr时,驰振出现锁定现象,输出电压和功率均随着风速的增大而增大。当风速过大时,增长率有减小趋势。输出电压均随着电阻的增大而增大,功率随电阻的增大先增大后减小。相比于交流电路,直流电路的最佳负载由1.1 MΩ提高到2.0 MΩ,同时功率峰值从0.08 mW降低到0.04 mW。     

不同截面形状悬臂梁双晶压电振子发电能力建模与实验研究

为了研究截面形状对悬臂梁双晶压电振子发电能力的影响,本文根据压电方程和热平衡原理分别建立了截面形状为矩形、梯形和三角形悬臂梁双晶压电振子压电发电的数学模型,对截面形状对压电梁发电能力的影响进行了数值模拟与有限元仿真分析,并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明,在相同压电材料体积下,三角形压电振子最大输出功率为4.5mW,约为矩形压电振子的3.3倍,三角形压电振子相比于矩形和梯形压电振子具有更大的发电能力,可有效提高有限体积下压电振子的输出特性。     

压电陶瓷复合材料振动发电研究

根据仿真设计和计算结果,制备了悬臂梁结构压电陶瓷复合材料,并考察了其振动发电性能。对复合材料的内外阻抗进行匹配,获得了最大的功率输出并在最佳阻抗匹配条件下,研究了振动发电性能与激励振幅和频率的关系。研究结果表明,压电复合材料的振动发电功率随着激励振幅的增大呈二阶增大,随着激励频率的增大呈线性增大。     

碰撞式微型压电风能采集器实验研究(英文)

为提高基于风致振动机理的微型风能采集器在低风速下的输出功率,设计了一种新型的碰撞式微型压电风能采集器.采集器主要由圆柱形钝体、铰接分隔板、压电悬臂梁和支架组成.通过铰接分隔板和压电悬臂梁的碰撞有效降低了采集器的工作风速.加工制作了采集器的原理样机并在小型风洞内进行了实验测量.通过实验发现分隔板与压电片横向间距对采集器的工作风速和输出功率有很大的影响.压电悬臂梁自由端添加质量块可以提高输出功率.风速15 m/s、外接200 kΩ优化负载时,采集器最大输出功率为64μW.     

Cymbal压电发电换能器有限元分析

通过建立Cymbal压电发电换能器的机电耦合有限元分析模型,计算分析了换能器结构参数对输出电压和谐振频率的影响以及外接负载对Cymbal换能器输出电压和输出功率的影响。研究表明,为了降低换能器的工作频率和提高换能器的输出电压,应增大换能器的空腔底部直径和减小换能器的空腔高度;在选择金属端冒和压电陶瓷厚度等参数时,应综合考虑换能器系统的刚度和外界振动源的频率特性和加速度特性;在任意一个频率点上,Cymbal换能器均存在一个最佳的外接负载,使得换能器的输出功率最大,而这个最佳的负载阻抗就等于Cymbal换能器在这个工作频率点上的输出阻抗。文中还提出并分析了基于外加预应力的多振子级联方式Cymbal压电发电换能器系统的结构。     

电极配置对悬臂梁压电振子发电能力的影响

研究了带末端质量块的悬臂梁压电振子多模态振动时的应变分布特点,针对压电陶瓷表面电极配置对压电振子输出电压的影响关系进行压电-电路耦合有限元分析,并建立悬臂梁压电振子发电测试系统,对工作在一阶和二阶谐振频率附近处的压电振子分段电极和连续电极输出功率进行对比分析。研究结果表明,一阶谐振时分段电极的峰值输出功率与连续电极相接近,二阶谐振时分段电极的峰值输出功率增加了900%。相比于连续电极配置法,分段电极配置法可有效提高压电振子在高频振动时的发电能力。     

谐振锯齿波驱动型冲击直线压电马达

传统的冲击压电马达大都工作在准静态下,振幅和工作频率相对较低,速度和输出力均不是很高。基于机械波合成理论,设计了一种新型共振型冲击直线压电马达。分析了压电马达的驱动机理,采用有限元仿真法优化了压电振子的结构尺寸。通过合成频率比为1:2的两个谐振正弦波得到近似谐振锯齿波,设计加工了压电振子、研制了马达样机、进行了性能测试与分析。当预紧力是0.02 N、基频驱动电压是300 Vp-p（592.5 Hz）时,马达无负载最大速度为32.4 mm/s;当预紧力是10 N、基频驱动电压是400 Vp-p（592.5 Hz）时,马达最大负载力可达1 N。实验验证了设计的有效性,表明该种压电马达具有良好的性能。     

宽频压电振动能量采集器的力-电输出特性分析

压电振动能量采集器是一种新型的力(加速度)-电耦合转换输出器件,为了提高单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器的输出功率和工作频带,通过在单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一个弹性放大器的方法,构造形成了具有两自由度的宽频压电振动能量采集器。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了宽频压电能量采集器的有限元力-电耦合模型,数值分析了模型中各参数(如质量比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等)对系统力特性(速度、加速度等)和电输出特性(电压、电流、输出功率等)的影响。研究结果表明：大的质量比和小的阻尼比能够提高压电悬臂梁能量采集器的输出功率并拓展其工作频带;短路谐振状态下的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电流,而开路谐振状态的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电压,优化后的短路谐振和开路谐振最大输出功率分别达到4386.5 mW/g2和4263.4 mW/g2。频带宽度达到10 Hz,且是SDOF系统的5倍。     

Analyses of power output of piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices directly connected to a load resistor using a coupled piezoelectric-circuit finite element method

This paper presents, for the first time, a coupled piezoelectric-circuit finite element model (CPC-FEM) to analyze the power output of a vibration-based piezoelectric energy-harvesting device (EHD) when it is connected to a load resistor. Special focus is given to the effect of the load resistor value on the vibrational amplitude of the piezoelectric EHD, and thus on the current, voltage, and power generated by the device, which are normally assumed to be independent of the load resistor value to reduce the complexity of modeling and simulation. The presented CPC-FEM uses a cantilever with a sandwich structure and a seismic mass attached to the tip to study the following characteristics of the EHD as a result of changing the load resistor value: 1) the electric outputs: the current through and voltage across the load resistor; 2) the power dissipated by the load resistor; 3) the displacement amplitude of the tip of the cantilever; and 4) the shift in the resonant frequency of the device. It is found that these characteristics of the EHD have a significant dependence on the load resistor value, rather than being independent of it as is assumed in most literature. The CPC-FEM is capable of predicting the generated output power of the EHD with different load resistor values while simultaneously calculating the effect of the load resistor value on the displacement amplitude of the tip of the cantilever. This makes the CPC-FEM invaluable for validating the performance of a designed EHD before it is fabricated and tested, thereby reducing the recurring costs associated with repeat fabrication and trials. In addition, the proposed CPC-FEM can also be used for producing an optimized design for maximum power output.     

Design and fabrication of a piezoelectric transducer for wind-power generator

This study investigates the feasibility of a high-performance ZnO piezoelectric transducer for wind-power generation applications. The piezoelectric transducer is constructed of a Cu/ZnO/ITO/PET structure. Closely examining the ITO/PET substrate by a nano indenter reveals a low Young's modulus of 6.62 Gpa for specific deflections. The ZnO piezoelectric film of 965 nm is deposited on ITO/PET substrate using a RF magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. A copper layer is attached to the ZnO/ITO/PET structure to construct piezoelectric transducers. Both scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that, among the favorable characteristic of the ZnO piezoelectric film include a rigid surface structure and a high c-axis preferred orientation. According to cantilever vibration theory, a transducer with a cantilever length of 9.9 mm and vibration area of 1.5 cm² is designed for natural wind. An appropriate mass loading of 0.57 g on the cantilever is critical for increasing the vibration amplitude and promoting the generated power of a piezoelectric transducer. Finally, an open circuit voltage of 1.87 V for the ZnO piezoelectric transducer at a vibration frequency of 100 Hz is obtained by an oscilloscope. After rectifying and filtering, the output power of the generator exhibits an available benefit of 0.07 μW/cm² with the load resistance of 5 MΩ.     

基于双ZnO薄膜单元并联结构的微型压电振动能量采集器(英文)

报道了一种基于ZnO压电薄膜双单元结构的压电式微型振动能量采集器,其中的双压电元件是并联结构.采用射频磁控溅射技术制备ZnO压电薄膜,同时,该压电式振动能量采集器采用微加工技术制作.测试表明该器件的共振频率为1 300 Hz,基于ZnO薄膜双单元并联结构的压电式振动能量采集器比起具有同样尺寸的传统型压电振动能量采集器有更高的输出性能.在频率为1 300 Hz,加速度为10 m/s2的外界振动激励下,该压电式振动能量采集器在1 MΩ负载电阻上产生的电压为2.06 V;当负载电阻为0.6 MΩ时,输出功率最大为1.25μW.     

A flex-compressive-mode piezoelectric transducer for mechanical vibration/strain energy harvesting

A piezoelectric transducer for harvesting energy from ambient mechanical vibrations/strains under pressure condition was developed. The proposed transducer was made of two ring-type piezoelectric stacks, one pair of bow-shaped elastic plates, and one shaft that pre-compresses them. This transducer works in flex-compressive (F-C) mode, which is different from a conventional flex-tensional (F-T) one, to transfer a transversely applied force F into an amplified longitudinal force N pressing against the two piezo-stacks via the two bowshaped elastic plates, generating a large electric voltage output via piezoelectric effect. Our experimental results show that without an electric load, an F-C mode piezo-transducer could generate a maximum electric voltage output of up to 110 Vpp, and with an electric load of 40 κΩ, it a maximum power output of 14.6 mW under an acceleration excitation of 1 g peak-peak at the resonance frequency of 87 Hz.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of CeO2-added nonstoichiometric (Na0.5K0.5)0.97(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3 ceramics for piezoelectric energy harvesting device applications

In this study, nonstoichiometric (Na(0.5)K(0.5))(0.97)(Nb(0.96)Sb(0.04))O(3) ceramics were fabricated and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated according to the CeO(2) addition. In this ceramic composition, CeO(2) addition improved sinterability, electromechanical coupling factor k(p), mechanical quality factor Q(m), piezoelectric constant d(33), and g(33). At the sintering temperature of 1100°C, for the 0.2wt% CeO(2) added specimen, the optimum values of density = 4.359 g/cm(3), k(p) = 0.443, Q(m) = 588, ε(r) = 444, d(33) = 159 pC/N, and g(33) = 35 × 10(-3) V·m/N, were obtained. A piezoelectric energy harvesting device using 0.2 wt% CeO(2)- added lead-free (K(0.5)Na(0.5))(0.97)(Nb(0.96)Sb(0.04))O(3) ceramics and a rectifying circuit for energy harvesting were fabricated and their electrical characteristics were investigated. Under an external vibration acceleration of 0.7 g, when the mass, the frequency of vibration generator, and matching load resistance were 2.4 g, 70 Hz, and 721 Ω, respectively, output voltage and power of piezoelectric harvesting device indicated the optimum values of 24.6 mV(rms) and 0.839 μW, respectively-suitable for application as the electric power source of a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) sensor node.     

间接激励压电发电机的建模仿真与试验研究

为满足旋转机械监测系统的自供电需求、解决现有压电发电机可靠性低及有效带宽窄等问题,提出一种基于移动凸轮间接激励并限幅的旋转式压电发电机(简称间接激励压电发电机).介绍了发电机的结构原理并进行了建模仿真与试验测试,获得了激励磁铁数量比、凸轮升程及升角对激振力形式/幅值、压电振子变形量/输出电压及发电机带宽等的影响规律.结...     

Effect of electric load impedances on the performance of sandwich piezoelectric transducers

Based on the electromechanical equivalent circuit, the sandwich piezoelectric transducer with adjustable resonance frequency is studied. The underlying theory of frequency adjustment is its piezoelectric effect. In this paper, the influence of electric load impedance (including electric resistance, electric inductance, and electric capacitance) on the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that the electric load impedance can change the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient. When the electric load resistance is increased, the resonance frequency and the antiresonance frequency are increased; the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient has a maximum value when the electric load resistance changes. When the electric load resistance becomes large, the effect of the electric load resistance on the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is negligible. When the electric load inductance is increased, the resonance frequency and the antiresonance frequency are decreased, whereas the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is increased. When the electric load capacitance is increased, the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient are all decreased. It should be noted that when the electric load impedance becomes large, the effect of the electric load impedance on the resonance frequency, the antiresonance frequency, and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of a sandwich piezoelectric transducer becomes negligible.