慢压射过程与AM50压铸件卷气的研究

设定了慢压射工艺参数和临界速度优化方案,测定了不同慢压射条件下AM50压铸件的密度和力学性能,研究了不同匀速慢压射条件和优化方案情况下铸件的卷气,讨论了慢压射工艺与铸件强度的关系.结果表明,慢压射速度对铸件卷气有较大影响,并存在临界慢压射速度使压室卷气减少;在优化低速工艺方案条件下,选择合理的减速位置是关键因素,可以进一步减少卷气,使压铸件具有更高的密度和强度.     

分段慢压射速度对AZ91D镁合金真空压铸件组织的影响（英文）

在AZ91D镁合金真空压铸过程中使用2种分段慢压射速度(两段和三段)。在充型之前型腔内真空压力变化情况通过真空传感器进行监测。压铸件组织通过光学显微镜和图像分析软件进行分析。结果表明,采用三段慢压射速度时充型时刻型腔真空压力明显降低,导致所得压铸件中气孔含量很低。通过恰当选用分段慢压射速度,在充型之前金属液在压室中的停留时间可缩短,在慢压射过程后期阶段金属液在压室中的流动也将受到抑制,这些因素可导致所得压铸件中压室预结晶组织含量较低。     

基于数值模拟的压铸过程低速工艺优化

低速压射过程中冲头的运动分为封闭浇料口、匀加速和匀速低速三个阶段,各个阶段的工艺参数对压室内金属液的流动形态都有重要作用,进而影响铸件中气孔缺陷的产生。采用数值模拟技术来研究不同工艺参数下压室内金属液的流动形态,对低速工艺进行优化。针对压射过程冲头的运动特征,引入了移动速度、压力边界条件,开发了压室压射过程三维数值模拟程序。结合慢压射临界速度理论,模拟了不同料口封闭速度、加速度和慢压射速度下压室内金属液波形的发展。模拟结果表明采用优化的工艺参数可以降低压室内的卷气。     

慢压射技术的开发和理论要点

压室中气体卷入金属液内而造成压铸件内部气孔是压铸过程常见的问题。针对这个问题进行过大量的研究和试验,并已取得了重大的进展,为发展慢压射技术奠定了理论基础。     

慢压射和预填充技术在气缸体压铸生产中的应用

根据慢压射、二次填充技术的基本原理,结合p-Q2图技术,论述了慢压射的加速度、临界速度的设置方法,推荐了预填充时间、预填充量的计算方式.通过成功开发气缸体压铸件的实例,诠释了慢压射、预填充两项工艺技术在实际生产中的应用方法.强调生产气缸体压铸件时须高度重视慢压射(临界)速度和加速度的设定.填充时须按金属液填充总量(包括溢流槽部分)的10%～30%对型腔进行低速预填充,其后才进行高速填充,其关键是计算预填充金属液量,正确选择预填充时填充速度及预填充行程的切换点.     

基于AMESim和Simulink的慢压射过程闭环模糊控制的联合仿真

根据慢压射理论,设定慢压射速度,在AMESim和MATLAB/Simulink的平台上实现慢压射过程的联合仿真,并运用模糊控制对压射速度进行闭环控制。结果表明,实际压射速度与预设压射速度相符合,而且没有超调,响应性也很好,对实际生产中慢压射速度的控制具有参考作用。     

镁合金压室模拟工艺参数优化

压铸件产生的缺陷除了在凝固收缩的过程中容易出现,在冷室压铸机压射时,慢压射选取速度不当也是造成铸件缺陷的一个重要原因.通过对镁合金转向管柱支架的慢压射过程进行理论分析和计算机模拟辅助优化,得出加速度为0.6 m/s2、慢压射速度为0.4 m/s情况下,压射速度较为合理.能缩短生产周期,提高效率.     

大型压铸件慢压射工艺优化研究

对于大型复杂压铸件,压铸生产过程中金属液流动复杂,容易在压射室内形成卷气,进而致使压铸件产生气孔等严重缺陷.本研究针对大型铝合金变速箱壳体零件的慢压射过程进行理论分析和仿真模拟,并以理论分析得到的临界慢压射速度作为参考,结合数值模拟软件的模拟结果分析得出了最优的慢压射工艺参数.模拟结果显示,通过优化慢压射冲头速度、冲头加速度等工艺参数,可以有效地减少甚至避免金属液在压射室内形成卷气和困气,有利于提高压铸件的质量,实际生产效果与模拟结果相符.     

压室慢压射过程流场模拟

气孔是压铸生产中的常见问题,导致这一缺陷的原因之一就是在慢压射过程中压室内的金属液流动卷入了气体.文中在压铸流场模拟的基础上,增加了移动边界条件处理冲头的移动过程,模拟了慢压射过程中压室内流体的流动形态.模拟结果与理论计算值及国外商品化软件的计算结果进行了比较,均比较吻合.     

慢压射加速度对铜合金压铸件质量的影响

压铸件常有气孔及氧化夹杂物等缺陷,为了减少压铸件内部气孔缺陷,文中运用有限元法对压铸过程中冲头在压射室内匀加速运动时的流场进行了数值模拟,并通过有限元模拟的反馈信息进行了冲头加速度优化设计.模拟结果表明,当慢压射加速度为2m/s2时,压室中的金属液流动平稳,无气体卷入.通过模拟优化的实施,减少了压铸过程中铸件内部出现气孔的倾向,并将实际压铸件检测结果和模拟结果进行了比较.     

压室压射对压铸充型流场影响的研究

为了考察压室压射过程对压铸充型过程金属液流动形态的影响,基于SOLA-VOF算法开发了包含压室在内的压射全过程充型模拟程序和料饼处直接充填模拟程序。并采用这两套程序分别模拟了阶梯块压铸件的充型过程,结果表明:浇道和型腔内的初始流动形态会随压室慢压射过程工艺参数的变化而改变,采用压射全程模拟更能准确的反映金属液在压室内、浇道内和型腔内的流动形态。     

冷室压铸机最大空压射速度的意义

冷室压铸机最大空压射速度表示压铸机所能提供的压射能量,也表示在较短充型时间内能向型腔内充填大容量的金属熔体,以及与模具特性一起表示工艺灵活性.     

不同慢压射速度条件下AZ91D镁合金的真空辅助压铸

对不同慢压射速度条件下真空辅助对AZ91D镁合金压铸件组织及力学性能的影响进行了评估。在联合有自行改进的TOYO真空系统的TOYO BD-350V5型冷室压铸机上制备片状AZ91D镁合金压铸件。研究发现,充型时型腔真空压力随着慢压射速度的升高呈现3次方增长,导致真空辅助对压铸件中气孔的降低能力随着慢压射速度的降低而下降。常规和真空压铸件中压室预结晶组织（ESC）含量随着慢压射速度的变化趋势相似。在较低慢压射速度时,真空压铸件拉伸性能受ESC含量的影响很大,随着慢压射速度的升高,真空压铸件中气孔含量的影响将变得显著。     

Numerical Simulation of the Liquid-Gas Interface Shape in the Shot Sleeve of Cold Chamber Die Casting Machine

A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the flow pattern of molten metal and to predict the liquid-gas interface shape in the shot sleeve of a cold chamber die casting machine during the injection stage. The flow pattern in the shot sleeve is known to be closely related to the extent of gas entrapment of molten metal in the sleeve during the injection operation. In this study, a Variable Spacing Even Mesh (VSEM) method is proposed to incorporate with a computational fluid dynamics technique, named SOLA-MAC, to simulate the flow pattern in the shot sleeve. SOLA-MAC can deal with free surface flow problems while the VSEM method is used to handle the problem where the space in the shot sleeve keeps decreasing as the plunger moves to push the molten metal. The model is then tested on the shot sleeve of a cold chamber die casting machine. Four plunger speeds are tested to demonstrate the effects on the flow pattern of molten metal in the shot sleeve. The critical speed found in this study is 38 cm/s and it is close to the reported critical speed under the conditions that the space between the plunger and the sleeve end is 5 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length, and the fill ratio is 50%. As the plunger speed is slower than the critical speed, the wave front propagates along the sleeve faster than the plunger and reflects against the end wall of the sleeve. The remaining air in the shot sleeve is entrained as the wave front enters to the gate. As the plunger speed is higher than the suggested critical speed, the melt is immediately pushed higher in front of the plunger and forms a surge. The surge traps air in the early stage of the injection process.     

On the optimum plunger acceleration law in the slow shot phase of pressure die casting machines

The objective of this paper is to analyse a plunger acceleration law that is expected to minimize air entrapment in the slow shot phase of pressure die casting in horizontal cold chambers, and thus to reduce porosity in manufactured parts. The study is carried out using results from an analytical model of the flow of molten metal in the shot sleeve, which is based on the shallow-water approximation, and whose predicted optimum acceleration parameters are in good agreement with available experimental results. The results for the surface profiles of the wave formed during plunger movement using plunger acceleration laws which are typically used in pressure die casting are compared with those corresponding to the proposed law. Some analytical predictions for the wave profiles and for the mass of trapped air are compared with numerical results obtained from a finite-element code, which solves momentum and mass conservation equations. The limiting values of the initial filling fraction required for appropriate operating conditions are determined for wide ranges of acceleration parameters and pouring hole locations.     

Characterization of A390 aluminum alloy produced at different slow shot speeds using vacuum assisted high pressure die casting

The effects of vacuum assistance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast A390 alloy at different slow shot speeds were evaluated. Plate-shaped specimens of hypereutectic A390 aluminum alloy were produced on a TOYO BD-350V5 cold chamber die casting machine incorporated with a self-improved TOYO vacuum system. According to the results, the vacuum pressure inside the die cavity increased linearly with the increasing slow shot speed at the beginning of mold filling. Meanwhile, tensile properties of vacuum die castings were deteriorated by the porosity content. In addition, the average primary silicon size decreased from 23 to 14 µm when the slow shot speed increased from 0.05 to 0.2 m/s, which has a binary functional relationship with the slow shot speed. After heat treatment, microstructural morphologies revealed that needle-shaped and thin-flaked eutectic silicon particles became rounded while Al₂Cu dissolved into α(Al) matrix. Furthermore, the fractography revealed that the fracture mechanism has evolved from brittle transgranular fracture to a fracture mode with many dimples after heat treatment.     

Effects of process parameters on morphology and distribution of externally solidified crystals in microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings

During the cold-chamber high pressure die casting(HPDC) process, samples were produced to investigate the microstructure characteristics of AM60B magnesium alloy. Special attention was paid to the effects of process parameters on the morphology and distribution of externally solidified crystals(ESCs) in the microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings, such as slow shot phase plunger velocity, delay time of pouring and fast shot phase plunger velocity. On the basis of metallographic observation and quantitative statistics, it is concluded that a lower slow shot phase plunger velocity and a longer delay time of pouring both lead to an increment of the size and percentage of the ESCs, due to the fact that a longer holding time of the melt in the shot sleeve will cause a more severe loss of the superheat. The impingement of the melt flow on the ESCs is more intensive with a higher fast shot phase plunger velocity, in such case the ESCs reveal a more granular and roundish morphology and are dispersed throughout the cross section of the castings. Based on analysis of the filling and solidification processes of the melt during the HPDC process, reasonable explanations were proposed in terms of the nucleation, growth, remelting and fragmentation of the ESCs to interpret the effects of process parameters on the morphology and distribution of the ESCs in the microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings.     

压铸机压室温度与应力分布二维模拟

针对卧式冷室压铸机压室的工作环境 ,运用优化的热传递数学模型 ,使用ABAQUS软件模拟压室在工作过程中的二维温度分布与应力分布 ;分析了压铸过程中压室内不同部位的温度和应力状态。