活性炭载体对TiO2/活性炭中二氧化钛晶粒生长及相变的影响

以活性炭为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/活性炭(TiO2/AC)复合体,并利用SEM和XRD手段对复合体进行表征,通过Dt2=ktnexp(-E/RT)方程的计算,分析,研究活性炭对复合体中TiO2晶粒生长及其相变的影响.结果表明TiO2/AC复合体晶粒粒径增长的时间比TiO2本体短;TiO2/AC复合体纳米粒子平均尺寸为50nm比TiO2本体小;锐钛矿向金红石转变的相变温度和晶粒生长最快温度TiO2/AC复合体比TiO2本体高.锐钛矿和金红石晶粒生长的表观活化能TiO2/AC复合体分别为6.21±1.27和46.54±1.56kJ/mol,TiO2本体分别为5.764±1.02和36.4±1.14kJ/mol.在锐钛矿阶段和金红石阶段TiO2/AC复合体反应指数分别为0.19和0.35,而TiO2本体分别为0.13和0.26.原因是活性炭的强吸附力和非晶相层对TiO2晶粒生长的阻遏作用.     

凹凸棒石黏土对TiO2纳米晶相变和晶粒生长的影响

以凹凸棒石黏土（Attapulgite，缩写为ATP）为载体，通过酸性溶胶法制备纳米TiO2，ATP前驱体，再经过高温煅烧得到其复合体。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、差热．热重分析（DSC-TG）等手段对其组成、尺寸、结构等进行分析和表征。结果表明，ATP的加入有效地抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长速度和晶型转变温度，复合体中TiO2粒径比相同工艺获得的纯TiO2小，且复合体中TiO2从锐钛矿型到金红石型的相变温度比纯TiO2升高了大约400℃左右。     

TiO2/活性炭复合体的制备及其表征

以活性炭(AC)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2/AC复合型催化剂.利用SEM,TG-DTA,XRD,等手段对其组成、结构、尺寸等进行分析和表征,结果表明,该复合材料由碳、钛、氧等3种元素组成,其中TiO2纳米粒子尺寸在2O-50nm之间,比本体TiO2纳米粒子尺寸小;在该纳米复合材料中,活性炭作为载体与TiO2结合牢固,存在着某种化学键,TiO2纳米颗粒间不发生团聚,并且活性炭载体的比表面积变化不大.     

活性炭负载TiO2光催化材料的研究

活性炭(AC)及活性炭纤维(ACF)作为光催化剂载体具有较高的比表面积和较强的吸附性能,可以有效提高负载型光催化剂TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF对有机污染物的光催化降解效率.首先介绍了TiO2光催化剂的结构特性以及各种掺杂改性方法,对负载型TiO2/AC及TiO2/ACF光催化剂的各种制备方法进行了详细评述.在此基础上,讨论了影响有机污染物光催化降解性能的重要因素,指出了负载型TiO2光催化材料研究中有待解决的问题和发展方向.     

活性炭负载N掺杂可见光型TiO2-xNy/AC光催化剂的制备及性能研究

将活性炭负载与N掺杂有效结合,采用酸催化水解法在粉状活性炭(AC)表面合成TiO2前驱体,在NH3/N2气氛中程序升温处理制得N掺杂TiC2-xNy/AC(TON/AC)光催化剂.以苯酚为模型物,考查了TON/AC紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下催化活性以及分离性能、使用寿命.采用XPS、XRD、DRS、FTIR,SEM、低温氮物理吸附对光催化剂的表面特征,吸光特性、晶相结构等进行表征.结果表明,N以阴离子形式进入TiO2体相并置换晶格中的O,适量N掺杂的TON/AC在紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下均表现出较高的活性.N掺杂在TiO2表面生成Ti-O-N键,形成新的能级结构,使催化剂的吸收红移至450～550nm,诱发TiO2可见光催化活性. AC负载可降低TiO2团聚体的尺寸,增加催化剂比表面积,为光催化降解提供高浓度环境,从而提高光催化效率同时还可改善催化剂分离性能,提高催化剂使用寿命.     

蒲绒活性炭负载Fe2O3的制备及其在软质聚氯乙烯中的阻燃应用

以蒲绒为原料、H₃PO₄为活化剂制备了蒲绒活性炭（AC）,利用浸渍焙烧法,制备了AC负载Fe₂O₃（AC-Fe₂O₃）复合物,将AC及AC-Fe₂O₃应用于软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）的阻燃处理,制备了AC阻燃软质PVC（AC/PVC）复合材料和AC负载Fe₂O₃阻燃软质PVC（AC-Fe₂O₃/PVC）复合材料。采用热重分析法研究了AC/PVC和AC-Fe₂O₃/PVC阻燃复合材料的热分解行为,采用极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、锥形量热（CONE）等方法测试了AC/PVC和AC-Fe₂O₃/PVC阻燃复合材料的阻燃性能。结果表明：添加阻燃剂所制备的PVC基复合材料均达到UL-94 V-0级,LOI值均有提高。相比纯PVC,AC/PVC和AC-Fe₂O₃/PVC复合材料的热释放速率峰值和烟释放总量均有明显降低。这主要是由于AC和Fe₂O₃在凝聚相发挥协同阻燃作用。一方面AC的加入起到了物理阻隔的作用;另一方面Fe₂O₃的加入促进了PVC的早期交联碳化反应,催化PVC在燃烧前期形成更加稳定的炭层,使残炭率提高,可以有效抑制PVC的燃烧。     

用超临界异丙醇流体制备TiO2/活性炭复合材料

在存在超临界异丙醇介质的条件下,将钛酸异丙酯与活性炭反应生成具有光催化与吸附性能协同效应的TiO2/活性炭复合材料.产生协同效应,可使低浓度污染物快速地表面富集和吸附净化,加快了污染物的光催化降解速率,TiO2的光催化作用又促使被活性炭吸附的污染物向TiO2表面迁移,使活性炭吸附能力得以恢复,实现了吸附剂的原位再生.     

纳米TiO2/SnO2/ATP复合光催化剂的制备及表征

以凹凸棒石黏土(Attapulgite,ATP)为载体,通过酸性溶胶法制备纳米TiO2/SnO2/ATP前驱体,再经过不同温度煅烧得到其复合体.利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等对其组成、尺寸、结构等进行分析和表征.结果表明,SnO2和TiO2纳米颗粒很好地复合在ATP表面而且分布均匀没有明显的团聚,同时SnO2的掺杂及ATP的负载使复合体中TiO2柱径比相同工艺获得的纯TiO2的粒径要小,SnO2的掺杂降低了复合体中TiO2晶型转变温度,在形成锐钛矿型TiO2的同时,复合体中ATP的吸附能力得以保持.     

负载TiO2活性炭电极材料的制备工艺

采用溶胶-凝胶法对活性炭进行载钛改性,制备TiO2/AC电极材料。通过正交实验考察改性过程中无水乙醇(C2H5OH)、去离子水(H2O)、冰乙酸(CH3COOH)、盐酸(HCl)以及活性炭(AC)这五种成分的最佳加入量。利用比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、电化学工作站分别对材料的比表面积和电极比电容进行表征。结果表明,材料组成的最佳加入量为无水乙醇30mL、冰乙酸2mL、盐酸0.3mL、去离子水4.5mL、活性炭2g。各因素对电极的电化学性能影响大小依次为:AC量>CH3COOH量>C2H5OH量>去离子H2O量>HCl量。载钛后活性炭比表面积从680.5m2/g降为523.35m2/g,降低23.1%;比电容从116F/g升到135F/g,升高16.4%。活性炭材料负载TiO2处理后,可以加速电极双电子层的形成,提高电极比电容量。     

活性炭负载纳米TiO2光催化降解气相丙酮

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制得Fe、N离子共掺杂的以活性炭(AC)为载体的光催化剂(TiO2/AC),在紫外光照射下进行了气相丙酮的光催化降解研究。探讨了丙酮初始质量浓度、紫外光光强、催化剂用量、反应器内湿度等因素对其降解率的影响。结果表明,活性炭与TiO2的协同作用大大提高了对丙酮的降解效果;紫外光光强的增加对丙酮降解率有一定提高;使用3g光催化剂,丙酮的初始质量浓度为39.40mg/L;反应器内相对湿度为63%时,丙酮的降解效果最好,降解反应155min后丙酮的降解率达92.63%;催化剂循环使用6次后丙酮的降解率为83.91%。     

Ce-TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土Ce离子掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂(Ce-TiO2),通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL、Nano-sizer纳米粒度分析仪等对Ce-TiO2样品进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察了不同掺杂浓度及经不同温度热处理后的Ce-TiO2样品对MB的光催化降解效果,结果表明所制备样品的晶型均为锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶相,Ce离子的掺杂拓展了TiO2在可见光区的光谱响应范围,提高了TiO2光催化活性。当pH值为1.5,Ce的掺杂量为n(Ce)∶n(TiO2)=1∶300,热处理温度为600℃条件下制备的样品其催化活性显著高于Degussa P25。     

镍掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备镍掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、XPS、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等对Ni-TiO2样品进行表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察经不同热处理温度及不同掺镍量Ni-TiO2样品对MB的降解效果。结果表明所制备的Ni-TiO2样品的晶型为锐钛矿相与金红石相的混晶相,镍掺杂抑制了晶粒的生长和晶型的转变,样品的吸收阈值波长向可见光红移约55nm,提高了TiO2的光催化活性。在普通日光灯下,经500℃热处理、掺镍量与TiO2摩尔比为1∶100条件下制备的催化剂其光催化活性明显高于Degussa P25。     

Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of TiN/F-TiO2 photocatalyst

In this paper, F-TiO(2) and TiN/F-TiO(2) nanoparticle photocatalysts were prepared by ball milling. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), terephthalic acid photoluminescence probing technique (TA-PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the F-TiO(2) was much higher than that of TiO(2), and the photocatalytic activity of the TiN/F-TiO(2) was much higher than that of TiO(2) and F-TiO(2) under UV light irradiation. The optimum percentage of doped TiN is 0.2 wt.%. Compared with pure TiO(2), the photoabsorption wavelength range of the TiN/F-TiO(2) and F-TiO(2) photocatalysts red shifts and improves the utilization of the total spectrum. The effect of ball milling time on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was also investigated. The optimum ball milling time is 12 h. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts were also discussed.     

Construction of hierarchical nanostructured TiO2/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction for improved visible light photocatalysis

In this study, Bi2MoO6 hollow microspheres were modified by depositing TiO2 nanoparticles through a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared TiO2/Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the heterostructured catalysts was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation (lambda>420 nm). The photocatalysts based on nanostructured Bi2MoO6 and TiO2 exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than the single-phase Bi2MoO6 or TiO2 and the mechanical mixture of Bi2MoO6 and TiO2 for degradation of MB under the same conditions. The results reported in this study provide insight into constructing other heterostructured photocatalysts.     

Fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on coal fly ash composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity

By immobilized on the coal fly ashes, the TiO2 nanoparticles photocatalysts were obviously improved in removing organic compounds of the contaminated water. These composite catalysts were fabricated by three different methods involving hydrothermal method, physical blending and sol-gel method. The resulting materials have been characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The photocatalytic activity of these as-prepared samples was assessed by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution at ambient temperature under UV-light irradiation. The experimental results indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles were tightly dispersed on the surface of spherical coal fly ash particles, where the adsorption ability of the catalysts is effectively promoted. It was found that the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal method exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity than that prepared by physical blending or sol-gel method which mainly resulted from the synergistic effect of TiO2 nanopartcles and coal fly ashes.     

New TiO2/MgAl-LDH nanocomposites for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes

In this study we report the synthesis of a series of composite nanostructures comprising LDH and TiO2 phases. The materials characterization showed that the LDH crystallites are encapsulated inside the TiO2 matrix after the anatase seeds are deposited on MgxAl-LDHs. The structure in which LDH phase is embedded into anatase matrix is unique bringing important advantages to the photocatalytic performances of the nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites was tested on the degradation of the methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites were compared with commercial TiO2 nanoparticles Degussa P25. The nanocomposites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in basic environment because the negatively charged surface of TiO2 nanoparticles at high pH attracts the positively charged methylene blue species.     

焙烧温度对1.0wt%Sm-TiO_2纳米粉体可见光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了经不同温度焙烧的1.0wt%Sm掺杂TiO_2纳米粉体(SmTiO_2)。通过对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察了不同焙烧温度条件下制备的Sm-TiO_2样品对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,焙烧温度对Sm的实际掺杂效果影响不大,Sm掺入TiO_2后在表面存在Sm~(3+)和Sm~(2+)两种价态;Sm掺杂抑制了TiO_2从锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,抑制了光生e~-/h~+的复合;焙烧温度升高,样品中金红石相含量增加,晶粒尺寸增大。焙烧温度500℃时样品的吸收光谱阈值红移最大,光生e~-/h~+的复合率低,1.0wt%Sm-TiO_2样品在普通日光灯下对MB在6h内的降解率达96.86%,明显高于同类产品P25的降解率(56.52%)。     

Photoinduced hydroxyl radical and photocatalytic activity of samarium-doped TiO(2) nanocrystalline

Sm(3+)-doped TiO(2) nanocrystalline has been prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and also UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). These Sm(3+)-doped TiO(2) samples were tested for methylene blue (MB) decomposition and *OH radical formation. The analysis of *OH radical formation on the sample surface under UV irradiation was performed by fluorescence technique with using terephthalic acid, which readily reacted with *OH radical to produce highly fluorescent product, 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid. It was observed that the presence of Sm(3+) ion as a dopant significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under UV light irradiation because both the larger specific surface area and the greater the formation rate of *OH radical were simultaneously obtained for Sm(3+)-doped TiO(2) nanocrystalline. The adsorption experimental demonstrated that Sm(3+)-TiO(2) had a higher MB adsorption capacity than undoped TiO(2) and the adsorption capacity of MB increased with the increase of samarium ion content. The results also indicated that the greater the formation rate of *OH radical was, the higher photocatalytic activity was achieved. In this study, the optimum amount of Sm(3+) doping was 0.5 mol%, at which the recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes could be effectively inhibited, the highest formation rate of *OH radicals was, and thereby the highest photocatalytic activity was achieved.     

Effects of Fe-doping on the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 powders prepared by an ultrasonic method

Highly photoactive nanocrystalline mesoporous Fe-doped TiO(2) powders were prepared by the ultrasonic-induced hydrolysis reaction of tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC(4)H(9))(4)) in a ferric nitrate aqueous solution (pH 5) without using any templates or surfactants. The as-prepared samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N(2) adsorption-desorption measurements, UV-visible adsorbance spectra (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air. The results showed that all the Fe-doped TiO(2) samples prepared by ultrasonic methods were mesoporous nanocrystalline. A small amount of Fe(3+) ions in TiO(2) powders could obviously enhance their photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped TiO(2) powders prepared by this method and calcined at 400 degrees C exceeded that of Degussa P25 (P25) by a factor of more than two times at an optimal atomic ratio of Fe to Ti of 0.25. The high activities of the Fe-doped TiO(2) powders could be attributed to the results of the synergetic effects of Fe-doping, large BET specific surface area and small crystallite size.     

CNT/TiO2复合材料的合成、表征及其光催化性能分析

采用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为原料,分别以异丙醇钛(TIP)、丙氧基钛(TPP)和四丁氧基钛(TNB)为钛源,苯作为溶刺,制备了CNT/TiO2复合材料.利刖N2吸附等温线,扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线衍射(XRD),能量分散性X-射线分析(EDX)以及紫外吸收光谱对所制CNT/TiO2复合材料进行了表征.并在紫外光照射下,通过亚甲蓝(MB,C16H18N3S·Cl·3H2O)水溶液的转,变测试了CNT/TiO2复合材料的光催化性能.研究结果表明:CNT/TiO2复合材料对MB的降解作用不仅有MWCNT的吸附性和TiO2的光催化性,而且还有MWCNT和TiO2之间的电子转移性.