铝锂合金激光填丝焊接接头组织性能研究

利用激光填丝焊接方法对5A90铝锂合金薄板焊接头的组织性能进行了研究。结果表明:激光填丝焊接头的主要组织特征为细晶层和焊缝区大范围等轴晶,与激光焊接头类似,而不同之处表现为激光填丝焊接头的显微组织相对细化,柱状晶区范围相对减小。激光填丝焊缝区硬度HV0.2(925.7MPa)略低于激光焊缝区硬度(956.5MPa),但前者硬度分布更加均匀。激光填丝焊接头的抗拉强度稍低于激光焊接头,分别达母材的79.22%和73.03%,但其断后延伸率却显著高于后者,分别达母材的38.65%和20.38%。综上所述,5A90铝锂合金激光填丝焊接头的组织性能略优于激光焊接头,若使激光填丝焊接头的综合力学性能达到使用要求,不仅需要焊后热处理强化,还需要与母材匹配性更好的焊丝。     

填充焊丝对6A02铝合金光纤激光焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用ER4043焊丝开展了1.0 mm厚6A02铝合金的光纤激光填丝焊接,对比分析了是否填丝对焊缝横截面形貌、接头组织、显微硬度分布和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,激光填丝焊缝成形饱满,能够显著提高焊前装配的最大间隙容忍裕度.与自熔激光焊接接头相比,激光填丝焊接接头熔合区附近的柱状晶组织和焊缝中心的混合组织（柱状晶+等轴晶）均相对粗化,接头软化现象更加明显,焊态时接头抗拉强度基本相当,仅达到母材水平的83.2%,但经历固溶时效热处理后,接头强度得以恢复,并高于母材水平,断后伸长率获得显著改善,可以达到21.29%,远高于前者的8.13%.     

Characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-lithium Alloy by YAG-MIG Hybrid Welding

The characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-Lithium alloy by YAG laser and MIG arc hybrid welding (Hybrid welding) were studied.Compared with the laser beam welding (LBW),the hybrid welding could not only improve the weld appearance significantly,but also have better engineering compatibility.The obvious microstructure characteristics of joint by the hybrid welding are fine-grained layer near fusion-line and the equiaxed grain in most area of welded seam.The subgrains of the equiaxed grains,located in the weld center,tend to coarse from bottom to top of weld joint.The microhardness of welded seam by the hybrid welding (83.57HV0.2) is lower than that by LBW (95.65HV0.2),but the uniformity of the former is better than that of the latter.The ultimate strength and the elongations after fracture of the joint by the hybrid welding are lower than that by LBW.The tensile fracture always occurs in HAZ or weld centerline,and the fractography presents mixture rupture.Therefore,if the combined mechanical properties of joint by the hybrid welding meet the operation requirements,it should be improved by reasonable artificial aging or heat treatment after welding,and it also should develop a better filler wire matched with the base metal.     

5A90铝锂合金T形接头激光填丝焊接头组织性能分析

对2.5 mm厚5A90铝锂合金T形接头激光焊和激光填丝焊接头组织与性能进行了研究.结果表明,与不填丝相比,焊接过程中填充焊丝有效减少角焊缝咬边、下塌等缺陷,明显改善焊缝表面成形,同时增大了接头熔化区面积,提高了激光的吸收率;填丝还使得T形接头两侧角焊缝组织大小趋于相同,但组织相对粗大;接头抗拉强度接近提高20%,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂.     

1420铝锂合金激光焊接接头拉伸性能分析

针对2.5 mm厚1420铝锂合金板材,研究了修饰焊和焊后热处理对激光焊接接头拉伸性能的影响,并且分析了轧制方向对接头拉伸性能的作用.试验结果表明:修饰焊对接头拉伸性能影响不大,但可明显改善焊缝成形,减少焊缝缺陷;热处理工艺对接头的拉伸性能影响最大,能显著提高接头的抗拉强度;轧制方向对接头的拉伸性能没有影响.     

5052铝合金双光点激光焊接组织与性能

双光点激光焊接能够明显改善铝合金在激光焊接时容易产生气孔、咬边等焊接缺陷的情况且焊接过程稳定,是近几年焊接工作者研究较多的新兴焊接方法。在对5052铝合金进行双光点激光焊接工艺研究基础上,着重对2．0mm厚5052铝合金双光点激光焊接接头组织与性能进行了研究。观察了单、双光点激光焊接接头组织,并测试了焊接接头各区域的显微硬度及室温拉伸力学性能,观察了断口形貌。结果表明,双光点激光焊接接头组织得到细化,接头各区域硬度高于母材,但低于单激光焊接接头。焊接接头抗拉强度略高于单激光焊接接头及母材,断后伸长率相差不大。     

激光焊接快速凝固Ni51Ti49形状记忆合金显微组织和相变行为

文中研究了快速凝固Ni₅₁Ti₄₉形状记忆合金条(厚度1 mm)的激光焊接工艺,以及焊缝成形、接头显微组织演变、硬度分布和马氏体相变行为. 结果表明,激光功率和焊接速度对焊缝成形有显著影响,采用激光功率为700 W、焊接速度为8 mm/s的焊接工艺实现焊缝区完全熔透,并获得熔合面积适中、缺陷较少的高质量接头;激光焊接导致接头各区域呈现显著的组织不均匀性,其中母材区保留快速凝固工艺的细晶、强织构显微组织特征,热影响区为粗大等轴晶和柱状晶构成的混合晶组织,焊缝中心区为粗大的柱状晶. 激光焊接后热影响区和熔合区的维氏硬度相对母材有显著降低,其中熔合区的平均硬度最低,其值为311 HV ± 14 HV. 接头经500 ℃保温1 h无应力时效处理后,接头各区域组织的相变行为明显不同,其中冷却过程中母材区发生常规两步马氏体相变(B2–R–B19′),而焊缝区呈现多步马氏体相变行为,即先发生一步B2–R相变,随后发生两个独立的R–B19′相变.     

固溶处理对选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg合金激光焊孔隙缺陷的影响

针对选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg铝合金焊接过程中氢气孔敏感性高的问题,采用固溶脱氢与真空固溶脱氢的方法对比了脱氢处理对合金激光焊接接头孔隙缺陷的影响,分析了不同状态下激光焊焊缝气孔分布、组织演变及力学行为。结果表明,固溶处理能够有效减少选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg铝合金激光焊焊缝气孔率,且真空固溶处理效果最好,气孔率从沉积态激光焊接焊缝的2.64%降到真空固溶态焊缝的0.14%;通过对接头组织的演变与基板物相形态、成分的变化分析阐述了孔隙出现的原因,揭示了真空热处理是解决由于基板中预先存在的较高含量的氢导致焊缝氢气孔形成的有效方法。固溶后母材硬度明显下降,各试板焊缝的平均硬度为80HV,较为一致;固溶态试板焊接接头抗拉强度为143MPa,低于沉积态接头,但延伸率增加到了24%,表现为韧性断裂特征。     

TiNi形状记忆合金片激光微焊接接头的组织性能

采用脉冲激光实现了0.2mm厚TiNi形状记忆合金的对接焊,研究了焊接接头的抗拉强度、断裂形貌、组织和相变过程。结果表明,脉冲激光能够实现薄片状TiNi形状记忆合金的良好对接焊,焊接接头的抗拉强度可达683MPa,为冷轧态母材的97%,断口形貌与母材相似,均为延性断裂。根据晶粒尺寸和显微组织的不同,接头可分为4个区。焊缝中心区为细小的等轴晶,而焊缝边缘为柱状晶组织。对焊接接头进行焊后退火处理后其相变过程与退火态TiNi形状记忆合金的接近。     

1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织性能

在2mm厚1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接试验的基础上,研究接头的组织与性能。对比分析单、双光点激光焊接头各区域的组织、显微硬度及室温拉伸力学性能,并观察断口形貌。结果表明:1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织与单光点激光焊接头组织分布类似,从熔合区至焊缝中心依次是等轴细晶、柱状晶和等轴树枝晶,但较单光点接头细化;双光点激光焊接头各区域硬度低于母材,但高于单光点激光焊接头;双光点激光焊接头焊态抗拉强度较母材下降,但略高于单激光焊接头,可达母材的86%。     

选区激光熔化增材制造In718合金的激光焊接性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和力学性能试验等研究了选区激光熔化(SLM)In718合金的激光焊接接头的组织和性能。结果表明:SLM In718合金的激光焊接接头的宏观质量较好,没有发现冶金缺陷的存在。未热处理时,In718合金的SLM构件的组织主要由奥氏体柱状晶及奥氏体柱状晶之间的共晶组织构成,柱状晶的平均尺寸约为5μm×2μm;激光焊接SLM构件的焊缝组织主要由奥氏体柱状晶及奥氏体柱状晶之间的共晶组织构成,柱状晶的平均尺寸约为25μm×5μm;焊缝区显微硬度均值约282 HV,是SLM母材均值335 HV的84.2%;不同厚度焊接试样的抗拉强度为970~983 MPa(均达到SLM母材95%以上),伸长率为20.2%~22.6%(为SLM母材65%以上);固溶+时效处理后,焊接试样抗拉强度均值为1412 MPa(约为SLM母材的98.9%),伸长率均值为13.5%(约为SLM母材的93.7%),与未热处理相比,SLM母材和焊缝显微硬度值分别提高了55.2%和77.3%。     

基于光纤激光的LY12铝合金焊接试验分析

在飞机制造领域,铝合金主要用于制造飞机蒙皮、梁、桁条和框架等结构.采用多模光纤激光器进行了1.4 mm厚LY12铝合金的激光焊接试验,研究了焊接工艺参数对铝合金焊缝形貌的影响规律,并对焊接接头的显微硬度及断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明,大功率高速度连续激光焊缝的成形具有不稳定性,当功率为2 200 W,焊接速度为55 mm/s,保护气体流量为10 L/min时,可以获得成形良好且无宏观缺陷的焊接接头.接头的平均抗拉强度约为388 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的63.98%,断裂类型为韧脆混合型断裂.     

5052铝合金/镀锌钢涂粉CO2激光熔钎焊工艺特性

以5052铝合金和热镀锌ST04Z钢为研究对象,采用预置涂粉CO₂激光搭接熔钎焊方法进行工艺试验.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机对熔钎焊接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,涂助溶剂和粉末后,焊缝成形明显改善,镀锌层没有烧损;熔-钎焊接头过渡层最大厚度小于10 μm,针状Al-Fe金属间化合物没有向熔化的铝侧明显析出;接头具有较高的力学性能,最大机械抗载能力可达到208 MPa,约为5052铝合金母材抗拉强度的95.41%.     

Study on the effect of welding current during laser beam-resistance seam welding of aluminum alloy 5052

The effect of welding current on the weld shape and tensile shear load during laser beam-resistance seam welding (LB-RSW) of aluminum alloy 5052 is studied. Experimental results show that the penetration depth, weld width,tensile shear load and the ratio of penetration depth to weld width of LB-RSW are bigger than those of laser beam welding(LBW) under the same conditions and the former three parameters increase as welding current rises. The weld shape of LB-RSW below 5 kA welding current is nearly the same as that of LBW. The weld morphology is protuberant under the condition of 5 kA welding current and 0.8 m/min welding speed. Furthermore, the microstructure of the weld seam of LB-RSW is coarser than that of LBW.     

1420铝锂合金激光焊接气孔抑制技术

分别采用气体和固体两种类型、三台激光器对1420铝锂合金消除气孔的焊接工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,1420铝合金表面氧化膜对产生气孔有很大影响,化学清理可以获得气孔较少的焊缝.保护气体种类、气体流量、焊接速度对1420铝锂合金气孔都有影响.适宜的双激光束焊接工艺可以获得成形美观且无气孔的优质1420铝锂合金焊缝,是1420铝锂合金焊接较为理想的焊接工艺.     

2060铝锂合金电流辅助激光填丝焊接工艺分析

为了改善2060铝锂合金激光填丝焊接的焊缝组织并进一步提高接头力学性能,使用了辅助激光填丝焊接的新方法.文中采用光纤激光器焊接2 mm厚2060-T8铝锂合金薄板,通过填充焊丝引入直流电流,研究电流对焊缝成形、焊缝结晶组织和接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,施加电流后,焊缝表面鱼鳞纹变得细密均匀,表明焊接过程更加稳定.同时,焊缝上、下熔宽趋于一致,焊缝结晶组织细化,熔合线附近等轴细晶区宽度减小.与无辅助电流相比,接头抗拉强度提高约5.8%.     

后热处理对激光焊接7075铝合金显微组织与力学性能影响

采用激光自熔焊接技术制备7075高强铝合金接头,研究了后热处理对接头显微组织与拉伸性能的影响. 采用SEM与EBSD系统表征了后热处理对7075Al接头显微组织演变与拉伸断裂行为的影响. 结果表明,焊缝中心到母材依次存在等轴晶区域、柱状晶区域、胞状晶区域与母材轧制态区域,并且胞状晶区域与等轴晶区域为接头薄弱区域. 与未后热处理接头相比,后热处理接头平均抗拉强度达到475 MPa,同比提升约59%. 后热处理构筑的纳米沉淀相触发了第二相强化机制,这是提升接头抗拉强度的主要因素.     

聚变堆用CLAM钢激光焊接接头显微组织及性能

对聚变堆用CLAM钢进行了激光焊接试验,并对接头进行740℃/1 h焊后回火处理,分别对热处理前、后接头的显微组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明,获得了成形良好、无缺陷的焊接接头;焊态下,焊缝由淬硬的板条马氏体和大量的δ铁素体组织组成.完全淬火区由板条马氏体和极少量的δ铁素体组成,其硬度高达545 HV;焊后热处理使焊缝及完全淬火区的板条马氏体分别转变为碳化物弥散分布的回火马氏体和回火索氏体组织.显著降低了接头的淬硬程度,最大硬度仅比母材高约15%;焊后回火热处理前、后接头的抗拉强度均高于基体母材,虽然焊后热处理使接头强度有所降低,但仍达到原始母材的98%以上.     

Influence of Welding Power to the Microstructure and Properties of 304 Stainless Steel Sheet Joints in CO2 La-ser Welding

The optical microscope,SEM,XRD,microhardness and tensile tests are used to analyze the microstructure,microhardness and tensile strength of the joints of 304 stainless steel sheet joint by CO2 laser welding with different welding powers.The results show that microstructure of laser welding seam is the ferrite phase and austenite phase.There has an epitaxial solidification phenomenon and fine grains in the fusion zone.When the welding power is 1.4kW,the microhardness reaches a maximum value of 205HV in welding seam center,which is the transition zone of two directional dendritical structures.The coarser equiaxed grains lay in the 1.8kW welding seam center,and microhardness reached a minimum value of 195HV in the welding seam center.When the welding power increases,the effective bearing area of lap welding seam builds up rapidly,and the maximum loads of the double welding seams joints also increase from 4500N to 6000N in tensile test.     

Lap joining of titanium alloy using laser welding and resistance seam welding combined process

Titanium alloy lap joints were performed by combined laser welding and resistance seam welding process. The welding characteristics of this combined process were investigated compared with that of laser welding. The experimental results indicate that the combined process welded joint has larger weld width at the lap surface. The joint tensile shear force of combined process is 2.5 times that of laser welding. There are some pores around the lap surface in laser welded joint, and most pores can be eliminated by resistance seam welding process. Metallographic examinations of combined process welded joint reveal that the microstructure in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone has the acicular martensite morphology, which causes that the microhardness in HAZ and weld zone increases compared with the base metal, and the microhardness in weld zone is highest.