分流板结构对微通道平行流蒸发器性能的影响

试验研究了仅改变微通道平行流蒸发器内第一个分流板上的开孔数量和位置时,蒸发器的流动和换热性能的变化规律。结果表明：分流板的开孔数量和位置对蒸发器的流动和换热性能影响很大。合理布置分流板的结构,可以改善蒸发器内的流量分配,从而提高蒸发器的制冷能力,同时压降也会上升,且上升幅度大于制冷量的增加幅度。分流板上的总开孔面积一定时,开孔数量和位置的变化对蒸发器的内部阻力系数没有影响。分流板上的开孔数量太少及开孔位置偏离中心都不利于流量的均匀分配。分流相对均匀的第一个分流板的结构是：开孔数量是扁管数量的一半,开孔位置与相邻两扁管的投影等距。     

油冷器强化传热研究

<正>1 引言 广泛用于机械设备的润滑油冷却器,由于油的粘度大,操作流速低,若使用光滑管设计制造,其传热性能差,一般总传热系数为350W/（m~2·℃）左右。近年来,螺纹翅片管已在工业油冷器中应用,因其肋化系数可达2.5～3,能有效地扩展传热面,故对油冷器的紧凑化起到重要作用。但是,由于螺纹翅片间距小,翅间湍流度低,按实际翅片面积计算的总传热系数常仅180～200W/（m~2·℃）,当取肋化系数2.7,以光坯管面积计算油冷器总传热系数可达520W/（m~2·℃）,比光滑管油冷器节省光坯管面积约33%,但因加工螺纹翅片需增大管壁厚度,加工后单位管长比光滑管增重约30%,故一般只比光滑管油冷器节省管材百分之几。因此,仅凭加大翅片肋化系数,用扩展传热面强化传热,其节材效果不够明显,提高翅片利用效率,关键在于提高翅间流体湍流度,强化翅面上流体传热。花瓣状翅片管在周向翅片上开     

壳程流体纵向冲刷型高效气-气管壳式换热器的传热与流阻性能的研究

本文以缩放管和螺旋槽管为强化传热管,以空气为传热介质,研究了在换热器壳程中以气体纵向冲刷为结构特征的气-气管壳式换热器的传热与流阻性能,并与弓形隔板管壳式气-气换热器在相同传热温差与传热负荷,相同气体流量与气体压降的条件下做了传热性能的比较,结果表明,缩放管气-气管壳式换热器的总传热系数要比弓形隔板管壳式气-气换热器高64.8%,可节省40%的传热面积.     

基于流型的小直径圆管内流动凝结换热机理

通过流型的可视化观察和传热实验 ,探讨不同管径下小直径圆管内流动凝结过程中流型的演化规律以及不同流型的凝结换热特性 .分析表明 ,随着管径的减小 ,以凝结液沿管壁周向均匀分布为主的环状流型在流型图上的面积增加 ,相应地换热温差对凝结换热数Nu的影响降低 .本研究深化了对小尺度下凝结换热机理的认识 ,为推动相关技术的进一步发展提供了理论依据     

Hydraulic design of multitubular reactors with a heat carrier flowing in parallel to the tubes

A mathematical model of the liquid heat carrier flow in the intertubular space of parallel-flow multitubular reactors is presented. The model was verified experimentally by measurements carried out in a model multitubular apparatus of rectangular cross-section.If the design of the distributing plates in industrial reactors is based on this model, uniform heat transfer conditions may be achieved throughout the intertubular space. The uniformity of the coolant flow distribution can be quantified by a velocity uniformity index (VUI) introduced in this paper.     

船用绕管式LNG气化器方案对比

针对用在LNG动力船上的供气系统,在给定的低压供气条件下,分别以丙烷和50%浓度的乙二醇水溶液作为中间换热介质,整理适合绕管式换热器的螺旋管传热关联式和壳程传热关联式,使用MATLAB编程计算绕管式LNG气化器的换热面积和换热管长,结合工程实践,讨论使用两级换热器时管长和换热面积的分配情况。HYSYS模拟结果表明,当管内LNG的流动换热状态一样时,所需水乙二醇的质量流量是丙烷的10倍。丙烷发生相变,气态丙烷在绕管式换热器管外的流速变化很大,在出口达到1.7 m/s,换热器所需承压能力较高,水乙二醇在壳程流速仅0.2 m/s左右。分为两级换热器时,气化级换热器的换热面积和换热管长小于加热级的12.7%,当选择两级尺寸相同时,会浪费至少80%的换热面积。     

固定床错流流动和传热耦合的数值模拟

引入对流项和黏性项的流动模型和传热模型耦合,对内置传热管构件的固定床错流传热进行了研究,获得了床层温度分布,并与文献实验数据进行比较:计算值与文献实验值基本一致,表明模型能正确描述床层的温度分布。然后在不同的三角形和正方形排列方式情况下,研究了床层内在多圆管管间及周边的温度分布,结果表明:错流传热与流体流动方向密切相关,床层被加热的区域在加热管二侧,管壁附近和床层加热管前方,这些区域出现了较宽的被加热区;采用三角形排列方式,与采用正方形排列方式相比,强化了床层内的对流传热,使得床层内温度分布更趋于均匀。     

On the examination of recycle on heat (and mass) transfer in concentric tubes

The effect of recycle on heat (and mass) transfer in concentric circular tubes has been investigated by finite difference methods. Theoretical results show that recycle can enhance the heat transfer rate for large Graetz numbers compared with that in an open tube (without an inner tube inserted and without recycle). Competition between a preheating effect and a residence-time effect can be used to explain the heat transfer behavior. The heat transfer rate can be further augmented, with nearly no increase in total pressure drop, by employing flow pattern B instead of flow pattern A.     

Optimization of the Heat Transfer Rate and Pressure Drop of Inside Profiled Tubes – Part 1

Nine inside profiled tubes were developed and investigated for optimization of the heat transfer rate and pressure drop behavior. The results of this work are presented in two parts. This part describes the comparative investigation of five tubes with different inside profiles to simulate the heat transfer and friction loss of fired tubular heaters in petrochemical processes. In part 2, a further four tubes with different inside profiles will be compared. To test the efficiency of the new profiles a test rig was modified. Using the similarity laws by Reynolds, the Reynolds number calculated for the gas flow in the heater tubes was converted into the flow rate, as well as the pressure and temperature of a distilled water system. Axial and peripheral velocities were measured using a Laser‐Doppler‐Velocimeter (LDV). Friction pressure drop and heat transfer were measured to determine the efficiency of each tested tube under the constant conditions of the distilled water system. The results of the investigations on these five inside profiles showed that profiles with eight flat and symmetrically distributed straight fins (tube III) or with a twist angle of 30° to the tube axis (tube IV), produced heat transfer rates higher that that of the bare tube by 120 % and 156 %, respectively, with increases in pressure drop only 46 % and 76 %, respectively.     

多管程管壳式换热器管板隔板槽面积计算

在多管程换热器管板计算中,应进行隔板槽面积的计算。GB151-1999《管壳式换热器》中给出了两管程正三角形和正方形排管换热器隔板槽面积的计算公式,本文补充了两管程换热器其余的两种排管形式及四管程换热器管子在各种排列方式下隔板槽面积的计算公式。     

Development and evaluation of vipertex enhanced heat transfer tubes for use in fouling conditions

Heat transfer enhancement is important in the development of high performance thermal systems. Some enhanced tubes that are currently on the market are vulnerable to fouling. Economic and technical problems associated with fouling in process systems have been previously discussed in literature; however, they still require additional examination. Parameters that influence fouling include: surface geometry, surface temperature, surface material/finish, fluid dynamics, flow velocity and fluid properties. Vipertex? enhanced surfaces are optimized process surfaces that increase heat transfer through a combination of factors that include: increasing fluid turbulence, secondary flow development, disruption of the thermal boundary layer and increasing the heat transfer surface area. Vipertubes? that have been exposed to a fouling environment produce more heat transfer than smooth tubes exposed to the same fouling conditions; additionally there was less total fouling over a given time period. The reduction in the rate of fouling is the result of secondary flow patterns that form as a result of the patented Vipertex surface design. These secondary flows circulate near the tube surface and clean it; slowing down the buildup of materials. Vipertex EHT series tubes enhance heat transfer (even under fouling conditions), minimize operating costs and recover more energy than smooth tubes under the same conditions. These surfaces provide an opportunity to advance the design of various heat transfer products.     

多管式换热器的研究及工业应用分析

多管式换热器是一种较为新型的高效换热器，目前对于这种换热器的研究较少，其传热性能的研究也鲜见报道。对多管式换热器做了初步的研究，并以实际工业装置工况为例，采用管壳式、多管换热器和翅片管多管式作为换热器设计的三种方案，利用HTRI软件进行模拟，比较出三个方案在传热和经济方面的性能差异，分析多管式换热器在工业应用中优势，为研究和推广这种新型的换热器提供有价值的参考依据。     

重力驱动颗粒流横掠倒置滴形管管外流动传热特性的数值研究

采用离散单元方法（DEM）模拟了重力驱动的颗粒流横掠圆管和不同椭圆度（e=1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5）的滴形管下的流动与换热情况,分析了滴形管的椭圆度对停滞区大小、管周受力以及有效传热系数的影响,并与圆管进行了对比。主要结论如下：滴形管的停滞区和空区均小于圆管,随着椭圆度增大,管顶部颗粒流速增加,流动性变好;滴形管受颗粒流的法向力和切向力均小于圆管,在椭圆度大于1.0后,增加椭圆度,两力不再减小;滴形管的有效传热系数小于圆管,且随着椭圆度增大,有效传热系数降低。     

螺旋槽管管壳式换热器的传热与流阻研究

以螺旋槽管为强化传热管,以空气为传热介质,研究了管壳式换热器壳程以气体纵向冲刷为特点的传热与流阻性能,并在相同的实验条件下,与弓形隔板管壳式换热器的传热性能加以比较,结果表明,螺旋槽管管壳式换热器可比普通弓形隔板管壳式换热器提高总传热系数48％,节省传热面积32.4％。     

螺旋扭扁管强化传热与阻力性能的模拟分析

运用数值模拟的方法对螺旋扭扁管的传热与阻力性能进行了分析与研究,并与普通椭圆直管相比较,研究了管内流体的Re、Pr以及管子几何尺寸对其管内传热与流动性能的影响。结果表明,螺旋扭扁管是一种较好的强化传热元件,尤其对具有高Pr数的大粘度流体在低Re数的层流或过渡流时具有较好的强化传热效果。根据数值模拟的结果,利用多元线性回归的方法给出了努塞尔数Nu和阻力系数f的准则公式。     

波纹管强化管内沸腾传热的试验研究

分别以煤油和水为工质,对不同流速情况下波纹管和光管的管内流动沸腾传热特性进行了试验研究。试验中采用套管式换热器,依靠管外的高温热水对管内工质加热使之沸腾。在不同流速下,根据试验测量的流量和温度等参数计算管内流动沸腾传热系数。结果表明:随着气相雷诺数的提高,传热系数随之提高;相对光管,波纹管对上升流动管内沸腾传热有明显的强化作用。根据试验结果给出了波纹管管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式。     

螺旋扁管换热器传热与阻力性能

对不同结构的螺旋扁管管内传热及流体阻力性能进行实验研究,并与光管比较,选出传热与流阻综合性能较好的管型。同时对2台螺旋扁管换热器及1台外螺纹螺旋扁管换热器进行壳程传热与流阻实验研究。根据实验结果给出了管、壳程传热膜系数与阻力系数的经验关联式。     

R1234ze(E)在泡沫金属管内的流动沸腾换热和压降特性

泡沫金属具有超大比表面积和高热导率,将其填充于换热管内可用于制冷空调系统的强化传热。研究了R1234ze(E) 在泡沫金属管内的流动沸腾换热和压降特性。实验工况为：干度0.1~0.9,质流密度90~180 kg·m^-2?s^-1,热通量12.4~18.6 kW·m^-2。测试样件为泡沫铜填充管,孔密度为10~40 PPI、孔隙率为90%~95%。实验结果表明,R1234ze(E) 比R410A的传热系数低2%~10%,两相压降低30%~42%;当干度大于0.8时,低质流密度下泡沫金属管内传热系数随干度的增加增幅更大;泡沫金属在强化流动沸腾换热的同时,造成压降显著增加,换热影响因子的范围为1.23~2.90,压降影响因子的范围为6~45。开发了适用于R1234ze(E) 的泡沫金属管内流动沸腾换热和压降关联式,传热系数和两相压降的预测值与95%的实验值误差分别在±15%和±25%以内。     

含固体粒子旋转流强化流体传热的实验及模拟研究

针对管内除垢与防垢及强化传热问题,对工程上应用较广的扭曲管、扭带管中旋流场内低浓度液固流场综合性能进行实验及模拟研究. 结果表明,含粒子旋流场可提高流体湍流强度,与圆管相比,扭曲管和内插扭带圆管均有较好的旋流效果,相同Re下扭曲管的换热系数提高18.7%~30.1%,阻力系数提高13.1%~181.8%,综合性能评价因子平均提高15.5%,高于圆管和扭带管;而扭带管的换热系数比圆管提高5.6%~32.9%,阻力系数最高. 对扭曲管内粒子传热性能进一步优化,模拟值与实验值的误差为10.7%~12%. 旋流作用有利于提高液固流场的综合性能,但较高流速下该综合性能则逐渐降低.     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation in turbulent flow

Based on finite volume method, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of one smooth tube and ten different axisymmetric corrugated tubes, including two with uniform corrugation and eight with non-uniform corrugation, have been studied. A physical model of the corrugated tube was built, then the numerical simulation of the model was carried out and the numerical simulation results were compared with the empirical formula.The results show that: the friction factor decreases with the increase of Reynolds number ranging from 6000 to 57000, the value of which in the corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation(tube 03–10) are smaller than those with uniform corrugation(tube 01–02). The geometry parameters of tube(01) have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in low Reynolds number flow region(from 6000 to 13000) and tube(07–08)have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in high Reynolds number flow region(from 13000 to 57000). The vortex, existed in each area between two adjacent corrugations called second flow region, is the root of the enhancement on heat transfer in the corrugated tubes. The effectiveness factor decreases with the increasing of Reynolds number and the performances of the corrugated tubes with pitch of 12.5 mm have advantages than these of 10 mm under the same corrugation geometric parameter.