2%宁南霉素水剂对烟草花叶病毒的抑制及作用机制的初步研究

采用半叶法测定2%宁南霉素水剂(AS)在500 mg/L下抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的活体治疗、保护及钝化活性,检测2%宁南霉素AS诱导炯叶中内防御酶活性变化及病程相关蛋白基因的表达.结果表明,2%宁南霉素AS具有较高的抗TMV活性,同时2%宁南霉素AS处理可导致接种TMV烟草品种K326叶片的PAL、POD、SOD活性不同程度提高和PR-1a、PR-5基因表达上调,表明2%宁南霉素AS能启动烟草的一系列抗病防御反应,诱导烟草产生抗病性.     

白头翁提取物抗TMV生物活性初探

[目的]探讨白头翁提取物的抗TMV活性,为从植物中开发抗病毒类生物农药提供依据.[方法]以烟草花叶病毒(TMV)为供试病毒,采用半叶枯斑法测定了白头翁提取物对TMV的生物活性.[结果]在供试质量浓度为10 g/L时,白头翁石油醚提取物对TMV具有明显的体外钝化作用,钝化0.5 h后,其抑制率达65.19％,对TMV的初侵染和增殖也有一定的抑制作用,处理24 h后,抑制率分别为46.67％和23.53％.     

超敏蛋白对烟苗TMV抗性和生长的影响

超敏蛋白是一种新型的诱导植物抗性的生物农药,为了解其在烟苗生产中的使用效果,本文测定了3%超敏蛋白微颗粒剂对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)侵染叶片的保护效果和对烟苗生长的影响。结果表明,超敏蛋白本身对TMV粒子无钝化作用,但可诱导烟草叶片产生TMV抗性。施用3%超敏蛋白微颗粒剂1300倍液能够促进烟苗生长。     

4种药剂对马铃薯Y病毒病防治效果评价分析

旧的]筛选防治马铃薯Y病毒病的最佳药剂,建立适用于本地区防治马铃薯Y病毒病防治方法.[方法]选用5％氨基寡糖素水剂、60％光合细菌粉剂、6％寡糖·链蛋白可湿性粉剂和0.5％香菇多糖水剂4种药剂进行田间试验防治马铃薯Y病毒病.[结果]3次药后调查发现,5％氨基寡糖素水剂、60％光合细菌粉剂、6％寡糖·链蛋白可湿性粉剂和0...     

威百亩对烟草漂浮苗干根中烟草花叶病毒的失活效果

为了评价威百亩用于烟草漂浮育苗旧苗盘残存物中烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的消毒效果,采用枯斑寄主和烟草品种K326接种方法,测定了威百亩熏蒸对烟草漂浮苗花叶病株干根中TMV的失活效果。结果表明,32.7%威百亩水剂16.7g/L溶液浸湿后熏蒸2～7d,对病苗干根中TMV的枯斑抑制率为84.0%～100%,对病苗干根中TMV的失活效果高,但有时不能完全失活。三抗体夹心法和试纸条检测结果表明,威百亩熏蒸8h～7d后,不能有效破坏病苗干根中TMV抗原。威百亩可用于无烟草花叶病毒病发病史的旧苗盘和漂浮育苗棚群场地、池膜消毒。     

宁南霉素、病毒A、娃儿藤碱对烟草花叶病毒的室内毒力活性测定

采用半叶法测定了宁南霉素、病毒A、娃儿藤碱对TMV的离体、活体的保护、治疗和钝化作用。试验结果表明,宁南霉素的钝化、保护效果和离体治疗效果较好,抑制率分别为93．24％、67．23％、74．78％,明显优于其他植物病毒抑制剂。     

生物源杀菌剂对烟草叶枯病的田间防效

[目的]筛选对烟草叶枯病具有良好防治作用的生物农药。[方法]调查田间烟草叶枯病的发生和农艺性状。[结果] 0.3%四霉素AS 4.5 g a.i./hm~2+3%中生菌素WP 33.75 g a.i./hm~2+5%氨基寡糖素AS 112.5 g a.i./hm~2可有效控制病情蔓延,药后30 d对叶枯病防效达83.00%以上,且能有效促进烟株良好生长。[结论]该药剂组合可用于烟草叶枯病田间防控。     

天然化合物丁香酚抗烟草花叶病毒病作用机制初探

[目的]初步研究丁香酚对植物病毒病的作用机制.[方法]利用盆栽法测定了丁香酚对烟草花叶病毒病的预防和治疗效果;电镜法观察了丁香酚对病毒粒子的影响;体外混合法测定了丁香酚对烟草花叶病毒外壳蛋白体外聚合的影响.[结果]丁香酚对烟草花叶病毒病具有较好的预防和治疗效果;丁香酚与病毒混合处理后,病毒粒子有断裂现象;丁香酚对TMV外壳蛋白体外聚合有一定的抑制作用.[结论]丁香酚可以作为新型抗病毒剂用于防治作物病毒病.     

双氧水钝化对碳钢耐腐蚀行为的研究

以硫酸铜点滴实验的时间作为判据,通过正交试验对双氧水钝化体系工艺进行改进,试验优选出最优工艺配方为：双氧水质量分数为0．5％、三乙醇胺体积分数为0．15％,磷酸三钠质量浓度2g／L、钝化液pH为9．6、钝化温度40℃、钝化时间6h。电化学测试结果表明,双氧水钝化对碳钢整体的耐腐蚀性能有很大提高。     

轮丝链霉菌(Streptomyces Ys.03)代谢产物的抗植物病毒活性及其分类鉴定

[目的]1株从土壤中分离得到的放线菌的抗植物病毒活性及其分类鉴定。[方法]室内对峙培养、枯斑和系统寄主的保护及治疗试验,菌株形态观察并结合培养特征、生理生化性状及16S rDNA序列测定。[结果]菌株Ys.03对蜡状芽孢杆菌有稳定的拮抗作用;发酵液与烟草花叶病毒(TMV)混合后接种枯斑和系统寄主,对TMV抑制率分别为95.01%和88.67%;接种前、后叶面分别喷施发酵液抑制率均较高;菌株孢子链轮生,16S rDNA测序与师岗轮丝链霉菌(Streptomyces mormookaensis)同源性达100%。[结论]菌株Ys.03代谢产物对TMV有显著的抑制作用,鉴定为链霉菌属轮生类群师岗轮丝链霉菌。     

Antiviral activity and mechanism of action of novel thiourea containing chiral phosphonate on tobacco mosaic virus

Using half-leaf method O,O'-diisopropyl (3-(L-1-(benzylamino)-1-oxo-3- phenylpropan-2-yl)thioureido)(phenyl)methyl phosphonate (2009104) was studied for its activity on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It showed good curative activity in vivo and the curative activity at 500 μg/mL was found to be 53.3%. In vivo treatment with the control agent Ningnanmycin at 500 μg/mL resulted in 51.2% inhibition and curative inhibition rates respectively. Dot-ELISA test was employed to verify the efficacy of activity of compound 200910 for anti-TMV activity. The mechanism of action of compound 2009104 to resist TMV was also studied. The results showed that the resistance enzymes PAL, POD, SOD activity and chlorophyll content after TMV inoculation K(326) (Nicotiana tabacum K(326)) of tobacco plants followed by treatment with compound 2009104 were significantly enhanced. The study of the effect of compound 2009104 on TMV capsid protein (CP) showed that it inhibited the polymerization process of TMV-CP in vitro.     

新型生物杀菌剂新奥霉素防治烟草花叶病毒病的田间药效

新奥霉素是一种新型生物杀菌剂。对4%新奥霉素水剂防治烟草花叶病毒病进行了田间试验,结果表明,4%新奥霉素水剂对烟草花叶病毒病有很好的防治效果,第3次施药后7 d,900 mL/hm2、1350 mL/hm2和1800 mL/hm2处理对烟草花叶病毒病的防效分别为64.09%、72.19%和75.69%,其效果明显高于对照药剂20%吗胍.乙酸铜可湿性粉剂。     

Preparation and anti‐TMV activity of guanidinylated chitosan hydrochloride

In this study, guanidinylated chitosan hydrochloride (GCH) was synthesized and its structure was characterized by UV–vis and FTIR. The degree of substitution of guanidinylated chitosan was confirmed by elemental analysis. In vitro antiviral activity of guanidinium derivative on local infection and systemic infection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculated were evaluated by semileaf method using different modes of GCH application and antiserum assay. Meanwhile, the morphological characteristic of virus treated by GCH was performed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that GCH had better antiviral activity than chitosan. The average inhibitory rate of GCH on local infection was 84%, which was much higher than that of chitosan hydrochloride. It was shown that the guanidinylated chitosan was an efficient passivator, and its antiviral effect decreased after mechanical inoculation. The guanidinylated chitosan increased the resistance of plant against TMV and decreased the infection of the virus. The electron microscope photograph exhibited that GCH not only directly altered the configuration of TMV but also congregated and reduced the virus. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Enhancing Antibody Response against Small Molecular Hapten with Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Polyvalent Carrier

Virus nanoparticles (VNPs) have been applied as carrier proteins for effective vaccine development. In this paper, we report the usage of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a carrier for the display of the small molecule estriol (E3), a weakly immunogenic hapten. A highly efficient copper (I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) was performed for the conjugation of E3 onto TMV capsid at tyrosine (Tyr) 139, by which the antigen density could be controlled. The immune properties of these constructs were evaluated in mice. We found that a strong and long‐term antibody response was elicited by conjugating a high density of small molecular haptens on TMV through an oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) linker, likely due to the effective activation of B‐cells. This study suggests that TMV can serve as a promising platform to induce strong humoral immune responses and that the optimized conjugation strategy was critical to produce high quality antibodies.     

牛心朴子草抑制植物病毒活性成分安托芬的室内和田间活性测定

首次发现广泛分布于我国西北旱沙荒漠地带的牛心朴子草提取物中生物碱部位对危害极大的烟草花叶病毒具有很高的抑制活性,经生物活性跟踪与色谱分离,结构鉴定确认主要活性成分是安托芬。安托芬在1mg/L质量浓度下对烟草花叶病毒的抑制率高达60%。活体植株抗病毒活性的毒力测定结果表明,安托芬对活体植株烟草花叶病毒和活体植株马铃薯Y病毒具有很高的抑制活性,如安托芬在9mg/L的质量浓度下对活体植株烟草花叶病毒和活体植株马铃薯Y病毒的抑制率分别高达75%和80%。田间小区试验结果表明,牛心朴子草的效果明显好于两个对照药剂宁南霉素和病毒A,对烟草的生长发育无不良影响。