Rapid determination of tyramine in fish feed and slaughter offal by HPLC using coulometric detection

Summary Fish feed and slaughter offal products may contain decomposition compounds such as biogenic amines. Owing to their harmful effects on animals fed with such products, there is a need for determing the amine content. In the work a simple and fast HPLC method, based on coulometric detection (EC) measuring only tyramine, was developed for routine quality screening. The samples were extracted with 0.4 mol/L perchloric acid and analysed directly by HPLC using a mobile phase of 0.1 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water at pH 3. Tyramine was detected using a coulometric detector consisting of two analytical cells, the first one at 0.4 V and the second at 0.7 V. The calibration was linear over the range 4.52 to 452 ng/ml. The minimum detectable quantity was 10 pg/20111. The reproducibility and the recoveries were high. Comparison of the tyramine content measured by EC or derivatization followed by ultraviolet detection showed that both methods gave similar results. HPLC using EC is a fast and sensitive method for analysing tyramine reliably in fish feed and slaugther offal samples without any time-consuming derivatization steps.

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Schnellbestimmung von Tyramin in Fischfutter und Schlachtabfällen durch HPLC mit coulometrischem Nachweis

Zusammenfassung Fischfutter und Schlachtabfallprodukte können Fäulnisverbindungen wie biogene Amine enthalten. Wegen ihrer schädlichen Wirkung auf Tiere, die damit gefüttert werden, ist es notwendig, auf Amine zu untersuchen. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine einfache und schnelle HPLC-Methode mit coulometrischer Detektion (EC), die nur das Tyrannin mißt, für routinemäßige Qualitätskontrolle entwickelt. Die Muster wurden mit 0,4 mot/L Perchlorsäure extrahiert und unmittelbar durch HPLC analysiert mit einer mobilen Phase von 0,1 mol/L Kaliumdihydrogenphosphat in Wasser bei pH 3. Der coulometrische Detektor besteht aus zwei analytischen Zellen, einer mit 0,4 V und der anderen mit 0,7 V Die Kalibrierung ist linear zwischen 4,52–452 ng/ml. Die geringste feststellbare Menge betrug 10 pg/20 l. Reproduzierbarkeit und Rückgewinnung waren hoch. Der Tyramingehalt, gemessen mit dem coulometrischen Detektor und verglichen mit dem durch Derivatisation nach ultravioletter Detektion erhaltenen, zeigte, daß beide Methoden ähnliche Resultate ergaben. Die entwickelte HPLC-Methode mit ihrer EC-Technik ist eine schnelle und empfindliche Methode zum Analysieren von Tyramin in Fischfutter und Schlachtmustern ohne zeitraubende Stufen der Derivatisation.

     

发酵型饮料酒中生物胺含量的调查与分析

利用反相高效液相色谱技术,以丹磺酰氯柱前衍生,分析了我国市场中32个啤酒样品、32个葡萄酒样品和12个黄酒样品中生物胺的含量。结果表明,我国啤酒、葡萄酒样品中含有较低的生物胺物质,平均含量分别为4.787 mg/L和11.240 mg/L,黄酒中生物胺含量较高,达到了78.304 mg/L。3种饮料酒含量较多的单体生物胺均为腐胺和酪胺,我国葡萄酒中的组胺含量低于国际现有组胺标准的最低限量要求。不同企业生产的啤酒样品和不同原产地的葡萄酒样品中组胺含量存在显著差异,黄酒样品中生物胺含量为18.603～140.010 mg/L,样品间差异很大。     

HPLC法测定渝东南地区传统土家特色酸鲊肉中的组胺含量

建立测定渝东南地区传统土家特色酸鲊肉中组胺含量的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)方法,并进行样品中组胺含量的测定。以1,7-庚二胺为内标物,丹磺酰氯为样品衍生剂;Agilent C_(18)柱为固定相,70%甲醇和30%超纯水为流动相,于波长254 nm处进行紫外检测。用0.4 mol/L高氯酸溶液提取样品中的组胺,然后测定酸鲊肉中的组胺含量。结果表明:内标物和组胺标准品分别在4.335 min和7.723 min出峰,且分离效果良好。经实验验证,组胺盐酸盐标准品的峰面积和内标物峰面积的比值与组胺质量浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,样品加标实验回收率在98.5%~102.2%之间;仪器检出限为0.50 mg/L,定量限为1.00 mg/L,精密度相对标准偏差为1.0%。经检测10个样品中组胺含量在19.68~44.15 mg/kg之间,不同样品组胺含量有显著性差异(P0.05)。本研究表明HPLC方法的灵敏度和精密度较高,是检测酸鲊肉中组胺含量的可靠方法。     

Detection of ten biogenic amines in Chinese commercial soybean paste by HPLC

This paper aimed to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that can simultaneously detect ten biogenic amines (BAs) in commercially available soybean paste and to determine the contents of BAs in these products. Heptylamine (Hep) was used as the internal standard reagent and benzoyl chloride as the sample derivatization reagent; Inertsil ODS-3 chromatographic column was set as the stationary phase while the acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution as the mobile phases; the samples were treated with gradient elution and detected at 254 nm (UV). Perchloric acid solution (0.4 mol/L) was employed as the sample extraction solvent to determine the contents of ten BAs in soybean paste products. All BAs were separated within 20 min. The methodological validation suggested good linearity, whereas the linear correlation coefficient of all standards was greater than 0.99 with the linear range of 0.1–80 μg/g, detection limits of 0.01–0.03 μg/g, and quantitation limits of 0.03–0.10 μg/g. For 17 commercially available soybean paste products involved in our study, different samples were distinguished from each other not only by the dramatic differences in the contents of BAs but also by the variance in BA types. Of these BAs, tyramine (Tyr) and agmatine (Agm) were found to be the highest contents in soybean paste products; the contents of histamine (His), 2-phenylethylamine (Phe), serotonin (Ser), spermidine (Spd), and putrescine (Put) were lower, followed by cadaverine (Cad), tryptamine (Try), and spermine (Spm). This method proved to be highly sensitive and effective in determining the contents of BAs in soybean paste products; there was a dramatic difference in the contents of ten BAs among different soybean paste products.     

Electroanalytical determination of the sunscreen agent octocrylene in cosmetic products

An electroanalytical method was developed to detect and quantify the sunscreen agent octocrylene (OCR) in cosmetic products. The method was based on electrochemical reduction, using voltammetric techniques. OCR was reduced at -0.97 V vs. Ag/AgCl on a glassy carbon electrode using a mixture of Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 mol L(-1)) and ethanol (7 : 3, v/v) as the supporting electrolyte solution. Under optimized conditions and square-wave voltammetry, OCR response was linear from 5.0 × 10(-6) to 8.0 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) (r = 0.9995), with a limit of detection of 2.8 × 10(-6) mol L(-1). The proposed electroanalytical method proved simple, fast and suitable for detection and quantification of OCR in samples of cosmetic products, with satisfactory results in the recovery test and analytical determination in real samples.     

宣威火腿中生物胺的HPLC测定

以宣威火腿为对象分析其中8种生物胺含量,样品通过0.4 mol/L高氯酸提取后以丹磺酰氯柱前衍生,经ZORBAX XDB-C18柱分离以配备二极管阵列检测器的HPLC对生物胺进行测定。结果表明,该方法中8种生物胺的线性范围为0.5～20μg/mL,检测限为0.05～0.1μg/mL,回收率为81.58%～95.58%,相对标准偏差为2.48%～5.85%,该方法线性范围广,灵敏度和准确度高,可满足定量分析的要求。在宣威火腿中检测出6种生物胺,其中苯乙胺0.56 mg/100g,腐胺1.45 mg/100g,尸胺0.37 mg/100g,酪胺3.62 mg/100g,亚精胺1.26 mg/100g,精胺4.28 mg/100g。     

Biogenic Amine Content of Beers Consumed in Turkey and Influence of Storage Conditions on Biogenic Amine Formation

The biogenic amine content of beers available in Turkey, both domestic production and imported products, was investigated. A total of 17 domestic and 13 imported beers were evaluated in terms of 8 different biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, spermine, spermidine, 2‐phenylethylamine, putrescine, tryptamine and cadaverine). HPLC methodology with pre‐column derivatization and photodiode array detection after derivatization with dansyl chloride was used for quantification. In addition, the evolution of important amines such as histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were investigated during different storage conditions by response surface methodology. The results indicated that both storage temperature and storage time were important factors affecting biogenic amine content. Histamine and putrescine increased during storage, but then decreased after reaching a maximum level after six weeks. With the biogenic amines tyramine and cadaverine, the amounts increased during the entire storage period. At higher storage temperatures, the formation of biogenic amines increased.     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定干酪中生物胺的含量

用所建立的反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定干酪中的生物胺。采用的色谱柱为HP Hypersil ODS柱(125mm×4．6mm×5μm);荧光检测激发波长为340nm,发射波长为450nm;洗脱程序为梯度洗脱,流速为1．0ml/min。干酪样品经邻苯二甲醛柱前自动衍生,能使组胺、酪胺、腐胺、尸胺、色胺在15min内得到良好分离,并且各生物胺浓度在0．01～25mg/L时其浓度与相应峰面积有良好的线性关系,最低检测限(以信噪比为3计)为0．005～0．01mg/L。样品加标各生物胺的回收率为92．6%～107．4%。该法快速准确、简便灵敏、分离度高,能够满足干酪中生物胺的检测要求。     

高效液相色谱法检测鲫鱼不同组织中的胶原蛋白含量

为提高水产品胶原蛋白的利用率,采用柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法对鲫鱼鱼皮、鱼肉、鱼鳞、鱼鳔组织中的羟脯氨酸含量进行检测,再将羟脯氨酸含量换算成相应胶原蛋白的含量。鲫鱼样品经盐酸110 ℃水解18 h,丹磺酰氯衍生,采用高效液相色谱-紫外法进行检测。色谱柱：反相C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：A为甲醇,B为四氢呋喃-甲醇-0.05 mol/L乙酸钠（1∶15∶84,V/V）溶液,采用梯度洗脱;流速1 mL/min;柱温40 ℃;检测波长254 nm。结果表明：羟脯氨酸在20～400 μg/mL范围内呈现良好的关系（R2=0.999 8）,最低检测限为0.18 μg/g,不同水平的平均回收率为80.22%～83.33%,相对标准偏差范围为0.31%～1.84%。实际样品分析显示,鱼皮、鱼肉、鱼鳞、鱼鳔组织中胶原蛋白含量分别为106.62、24.75、166.94、115.05 mg/g。本实验建立的分析方法简便快捷、具有较好的灵敏度和可靠性,可用于水产品不同组织中胶原蛋白的定量分析。     

多重PCR法同时检测黄酒酒曲中多种生物胺产生菌

该研究建立了检测多种生物胺产生菌的多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法,首先检测了已报道的针对酪胺、腐胺产生菌和革兰氏阴性组胺产生菌的多对引物的特异性,针对革兰氏阴性菌的组氨酸脱羧酶基因的引物特异性差,重新设计了该引物,在此基础上,建立了可同时检测酪胺、腐胺和组胺产生菌的多重PCR方法,并优化了多重PCR反应条件为退火温度50 ℃,Mg2+浓度1.0 mmol/L,引物浓度配比为Tdc-F/R 0.2 μmol/L,Hdc1/2 0.4 μmol/L和Odc3/4 0.4 μmol/L。该方法特异性强,对酪胺、腐胺和组胺产生菌的灵敏度分别为1.2 ng/μL、1.5 ng/μL和1.5 ng/μL,可用于黄酒酒曲中生物胺产生菌的快速检测。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定饮料中4-甲基咪唑的含量

建立了丹磺酰氯柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定饮料中4-甲基咪唑含量的方法。以C_(18)柱为色谱柱,乙腈和0.02 mol/L的乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,荧光检测器检测。该方法快速、准确,在0.05～1.0 mg/ L范围内线性相关系数为r~2=0.998 5,平均回收率达到71.6%～88.7%,相对标准偏差为3.6%～5.5%。方法的最低检测浓度为10.0μg/L。     

New HPLC Method to Determine Ethyl Carbamate in Alcoholic Beverages Using Fluorescence Detection

ABSTRACT: A new methodology to the quantification of ethyl carbamate (EC) has been developed. This method allows the analysis by HPLC of ethyl carbamate in samples of wine, fortified wine, and wine brandy, by a pre-column derivatization with 9-xanthydrol, and fluorescence detection. This does not require previous sample extraction or concentration. The method presents an average recovery of 96% among samples studied, a detection limit of 4.2μg/L, and an average intermediate precision of 6.3%. The comparison of the results obtained for EC analysis on the same wine brandy samples by GC/MS and HPLC are statistically indistinguishable with 97.5% probability. The results of the analysis of 42 samples are presented.     

高效液相色谱法测定黄酒中生物胺的含量

本文建立了测定酿造酒(黄酒)中生物胺含量的高效液相色谱法,优化的测定条件为:样品经0.4mol/L高氯酸提取后用丹磺酰氯柱前衍生,流动相为乙腈和水,采用梯度洗脱,流速为0.8ml/min,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254nm。该方法检测限为:尸胺、组胺和亚精胺为0.05μg/ml,酪胺为0.1μg/ml,精胺为0.25μg/ml。线性范围为2.0～40.0μg/ml(R>0.99),回收率分别为尸胺96.6%、组胺101.94%、酪胺101.90%、亚精胺98.65%、精胺107.4%。首次采用该法测定了黄酒中的生物胺,结果表明黄酒中生物胺的种类及含量因酒的品种而异,5种生物胺平均总量为114.45μg/ml,变异范围为39.27～241.07μg/ml。     

基于上转换纳米材料与磁分离的荧光免疫分析方法检测食品中酪胺

实验基于间接竞争反应原理,结合上转换纳米材料与磁分离技术,建立分析食品中酪胺荧光免疫的方法,并进一步应用于肉制品、水产品及发酵制品中酪胺的检测。最佳实验条件为12 μg抗体偶联NaYF4Yb,Tm上转换纳米材料制备信号探针,70 μg包被原偶联磁性聚苯乙烯微球制备捕获探针,信号探针添加量为70 μL,感应探针添加量为100 μL,孵育时间为30 min。方法线性范围为0.1～100.0 μg/L,检测限为0.05 μg/L,该方法可特异性识别酪胺,与其他生物胺及其结构类似物无交叉反应。样品添加回收率为86.44%～101.62%,变异系数小于10%,该方法适用于食品中酪胺的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定饮料中三氯蔗糖的含量的优化

目的优化高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测饮料中三氯蔗糖的含量。方法采用配备示差折光检测器的高效液相色谱仪,使用C18反相色谱柱,选择甲醇:0.125%磷酸氢二钾=40:60(V:V)作为流动相,在0.8 m L/min的流速下进行检测。结果该方法在20~400 mg/L范围内,三氯蔗糖的浓度与峰面积的相关性良好,标准曲线为Y=207.99X+274.1,r=0.9999,改进后方法回收率在94.28%~107.16%之间,改进后检出限为0.0024 g/kg。结论该方法不仅能够达到国家标准的要求,并且快速、灵敏、环保,提高了高效液相色谱检测饮料中三氯蔗糖的检测效率和安全性。     

高效液相色谱法测定肉松中的淀粉含量

建立超声辅助双酶水解法联合高效液相色谱测定肉松制品中淀粉含量的检测方法。采用超声辅助双酶水解法水解肉松中的淀粉后,利用高效液相色谱法对水解液中的葡萄糖含量进行测定,并换算为淀粉含量,采用C18色谱柱（4.6?mm×250?mm,5?μm）,以乙腈-20?mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（22∶78,V/V）为流动相,以245?nm为分析波长,葡萄糖在5～50?mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r大于0.999。本实验采用耐高温α-淀粉酶与淀粉葡萄糖苷酶酶解淀粉,该方法仪器检出限为0.4?μg/mL,方法检出限为0.16%。通过肉松水解液加标验证,平均回收率为88.0%～96.6%,相对标准偏差小于5%（n=6）。与国家标准方法相比,该方法重复性好、回收率高,适用于各种肉松中淀粉含量的测定。?     

Biogenic Amines in Turkish Sausages (Sucuks)

In this study, Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk) samples from different producers were examined with respect to their biogenic‐amine contents, including histamine, tryptamine, and tyramine. The difference between amine levels of the samples produced through a starter‐facilitated process and those produced without using a starter was investigated. Amines were extracted from the samples using perchloric acid and analyzed by HPLC in an ODS 2 column with a UV/VIS detector at 254 nm after derivatization with dansyl chloride. Histamine and tyramine were found in all samples in the range of 6. 72 to 362. 22 and 208. 66 to 1173. 28 mg/kg, respectively. Tryptamine was detected in 15 out of 20 samples in the range of 25. 01 to 619. 11mg/kg. Statistically significant changes in amine levels of samples obtained from different producers were observed.     

高效液相色谱法测定乳酸菌发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸

通过对衍生试剂浓度、衍生时间、衍生温度、检测波长、流动相比例与柱温条件的选择,建立了一种高效液相色谱（HPLC）法灵敏检测发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量的方法。以邻苯二甲醛为衍生化试剂,衍生时间5 min,衍生温度为室温,色谱条件为：检测波长228 nm,流动相为乙腈-20 mmol/L结晶乙酸钠溶液（21∶79,V/V）,柱温30℃,流速0.8 m L/min。结果表明,在γ-氨基丁酸含量0.05μg/m L～0.50 mg/m L范围内线性关系良好（相关系数R2=0.999 4）,平均加标回收率为91.87%～105.58%,精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.55%～3.74%(n=5),检出限为0.02μg/m L。采用该方法检测发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸含量,其含量范围在0.157～0.369 mg/m L之间。该方法操作简单、灵敏、准确可靠,适用于发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸含量的检测。     

高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定水产品中组胺含量

目的对高效液相色谱法测定水产品(鲭鱼)中组胺含量的试验方法进行改进,建立一种提取方法简单、衍生物稳定、操作方便的检测方法。方法用0.4 mol/L高氯酸溶液提取水产品中的组胺,采用10 mg/m L丹磺酰氯溶液作为衍生剂进行衍生,用甲醇、水的流动相梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定水产品中的组胺含量。结果该方法提取完全、操作简单、峰型理想、组胺出峰干扰少,回收率大于90%,方法检出限为50 mg/kg。结论该方法能够满足水产品中组胺含量的测定要求,是一种理想的组胺检测方法。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测肉鸭表皮组织中的松香酸

采用高效液相色谱法对肉鸭表皮组织中的松香酸含量进行检测。肉鸭表皮组织中的松香酸用乙腈提取,经C18固相萃取柱净化,采用高效液相色谱-紫外法进行检测。色谱柱：反相C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：0.003 mol/L磷酸溶液-甲醇（8∶92,v/v）;流速：1 mL/min;检测波长：240 nm。结果表明：方法线性范围为0.1～10 mg/L,检出限为0.10 μg/g,定量限为0.33 μg/g。在0.5～50 μg/g的添加范围内回收率为82.2%～88.0%。实际样品分析结果显示,松香脱毛处理的肉鸭表皮中松香酸含量高达14.52 μg/g。本实验建立的分析方法简便快捷、具有较好的灵敏度和可靠性,可用于肉鸭表皮组织中松香酸的定量分析。