水电站工作弧门预应力闸墩结构特性研究

水电站工作弧门预应力闸墩具有孔口尺寸大、水推力大等特点。为改善其受力状态，确保泄洪消能安全，设计通常采有预应力锚固技术。本文在简要介绍闸墩预应力锚索设计的基础上，运用三维有限元法对其位移及应力分布规律进行了研究。给出了预应力闸墩的几个主要受力特征。     

大推力预应力闸墩的设计方法

在广泛调查研究的基础上，运用理论分析和仿真模型试验的研究方法，对预应力闸墩的结构形式和设计方法进行了探讨，提出了预应力闸墩的开缝锚块结构形式和预应力闸墩设计方法，包括颈部，锚块和闸墩体内锚束锚固区的设计计算方法，并提出了颈部按部分预应力设计的思想。     

居甫渡水电站预应力闸墩的三维有限元分析

通过利用大型通用有限元程序ANSYS，结合设计中采用的预应力锚索布置及数量等实际情况，拟对居甫渡水电站新型预应力闸墩进行三维有限元计算分析，考虑了可能发生的多种荷载工况组合，研究了闸墩的受力特征和规律，指出其预应力效果是明显的，可以大大改善闸墩结构的受力状态。并为实际工程设计提供依据，也为结构设计复核提供了重要的参考依据。     

大源渡电航工程泄水闸低堰闸墩预应力锚索施工

大源渡泄水闸低堰闸墩设计采用４８００ｋＮ预应力锚索来改变牛腿内和牛腿前方闸墩的应力状态，结合施工情况较全面地介绍闸墩预应力锚索施工工艺和施工中应注意的一些问题。     

预应力闸墩结构设计中几个关键问题的探讨

在总结大量预应力闸墩设计工程实践经验的基础上,提出了预应力闸墩结构设计的总体步骤以及设计中需重点考虑的问题。并对闸墩设计的几个关键问题(弧门支承体选型问题、闸墩结构预应力度表示方法和选择标准问题、如何合理布置预应力锚束问题、预应力筋和非预应力筋配置比例问题、闸墩裂缝成因及如何控制等)进行了探讨。     

龙马水电站溢洪道闸墩预应力锚索施工

预应力锚索在闸墩中的应用可有效的控制闸墩混凝土裂缝的产生,并改善闸墩在工作弧门水平推力下的受力状态。龙马水电站成功的完成闸墩预应力锚索施工。     

水电站泄洪底孔预应力闸墩锚索监测分析

通过介绍某水电站泄洪底孔预应力闸墩设计施工情况,及对闸墩预应力锚索监测资料进行分析,综合判断底孔预应力闸墩目前运行情况.     

基于ANSYS对丰满水电站重建工程溢流坝预应力闸墩优化方案的研究

应用大型结构计算软件ANSYS,对丰满重建工程溢流坝预应力闸墩进行三维有限元模拟计算与分析。通过从锚索吨位、次锚索位置、空腔措施、锚块尺寸以及锚块底部与闸墩接触方式等方面开展研究,对预应力闸墩进行优化分析,从而改善闸墩的受力状态,提高预应力效果。同时为有关预应力闸墩研究提供了参考依据。     

某水电站溢洪道闸室预应力闸墩有限元应力分析

以某水电站溢洪道闸室预应力闸墩为研究对象,应用大型通用有限元计算软件ansys对溢洪道闸室预应力闸墩进行了应力计算,得到溢洪道闸室预应力闸墩整体、主要部位的第一主应力、第三主应力,计算结果基本符合实际情况,为在施工期的闸室预应力闸墩安全结构设计提供了可靠的参考数据。     

彭水水电站大尺寸弧门预应力闸墩设计

彭水水电站表孔工作弧门具有孔口尺寸大、水推力大等特点。为改善闸墩受力状态,确保泄洪消能安全,闸墩设计采用预应力锚固技术。介绍了彭水水电站表孔预应力闸墩的锚束布置、张拉力设计、锚固体系选择,运用三维有限元法比较了预应力闸墩和常规混凝土闸墩的应力分布及大小和钢筋布置。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。