安琪超级酿酒干酵母在酒精浓醪发酵中的应用

采用安琪超级酿酒干酵母，以玉米、木薯为原料的酒精浓醪发酵，最佳工艺条件为：①液化条件：耐高温α-淀粉酶10～20μ／g，60～70℃润料30min，90～95℃液化90min；②糖化条件：糖化酶100～200u／g，无糖化；③pH：4．0～5．0；④发酵温度：30～35℃；⑤酵母接种量：实验室小试接种量为原料的0．2％，中试接种量0．05％～0．1％，大生产接种量在0．02％～0．05％。采用双酶法连续发酵工艺，要求原料粉碎细，料水比适当（1：2．3～2．5）。（小凡）     

含酒精型玉米发泡饮料的工艺研究

对以玉米为主要原料，以啤酒酵母为菌种，发酵酿制低酒精度的发泡饮料进行了研究。通过试验确定了蒸煮最佳工艺条件，时间为50min，打浆加水比为1：4，菌种的用量为10％；液化温度70℃、25min、pH5．5、α-淀粉酶用量0．25％：糖化温度61℃、1h、pH4．5、糖化酶用量0．5％：发酵温度15℃、48h、pH6．5、啤油酵母用量10％。酿制的产品具有千米特有的香味和营养价值。     

液化法酿造黄酒的研究

对米粉液化法发酵黄酒进行了研究，在淀粉酶加量为0．2％，液化温度为80℃，液化时间为80min时米粉液化较完全，与传统相比，液化法缩短了发酵时间，对原料的利用率较高，所得的酒，麦曲味较少，苦涩味较轻，口味较清淡。     

应用TH-AADY和糖化酶提高食醋出醋率

利用TH-AADY、糖化酶以及耐高温α-淀粉酶提高食醋出醋率应用研究。主要工艺参数为耐高温α-淀粉酶添加量5～8u／g原料；液化温度89～91℃；糖化时间25～30min；酒精发酵温度33℃左右；酒精发酵周期64h左右；醋酸发酵时间20～25d；发酵成熟醋醅的醋汁酸度6．5～7．0g／100mL。试验表明，应用TH-AADY和糖化酶可平均提高食醋出醋率1．56kg／kg主粮。（孙悟）     

板粟深加工中淀粉的酶水解研究

试验对比了BAA中温α-淀粉酶和耐高温α-(Termamyl 120L,S型)对板栗浆液中淀粉的液化效果，选择使用耐高温α-淀粉酶(Termamyl 1120L，S型)为液化板栗淀粉的作用酶，单因素研究确定了液化工艺参数为：料水比1：5，液化温度90℃，pH6．0，酶用量7U／g果肉，液化时间60min。然后采用Novozym^TMAG糖化酶对液化后的板粟淀粉进行糖化，以淀粉水解度(DE值)和糖化液中还原糖的含量(g／100m1)为指标，正交试验表明，在糖化温度60℃，pH4．5，Novozym^TMAG使用量为80U／g果肉的条件下糖化90min，可使水解度(DE值)和糖化液中还原糖含量(g／100m1)分别达到48．9％和4．52g／100ml。     

BMT-2酶制备木薯淀粉表面施胶剂的研究

使用国产固体α-淀粉酶BMT-2对木薯淀粉进行改性,考察了温度、pH、底物质量分数、反应时间及α-淀粉酶的加入量等因素对淀粉黏度的影响。研究表明,最佳酶解条件为：温度80℃,pH=6．0,底物质量分数5％,反应时间20min,α-淀粉酶用量为淀粉用量的0．05％。将最佳条件下制得的胶液稀释至质量分数6％,40℃时测得黏度为12．0～14．0mPa·S。将该产品应用于表面施胶,纸张的表面强度有明显提高。     

高温型α-淀粉酶制取麦芽糊精工艺条件的优化

研究了高温型α-淀粉酶水解玉米淀粉制备麦芽糊精的工艺，通过正交试验对其工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明，高温型α-淀粉酶制备麦芽糊精的最佳工艺为：温度90℃、时间80min、加酶量60U／g。     

液化法无曲黄酒发酵技术的研究

对液化法无曲黄酒发酵技术进行研究。结果表明,以糯米粉为原料调浆,添加淀粉酶4u／g原料80-95℃液化20min,可得到流动性较好的液化液。最佳糖化工艺：液化醪冷至60℃,加乳酸0．03％（v／v）,调pH值至5．8左右,再加入糖化酶,100u／g原料、复合酶0．1％,在40-60℃维持10min。100L发酵罐酿酒试验,液化、发酵均正常,6d前酵结束,发酵周期15d,成品酒符合黄酒质量标准,适口性好。     

味精生产中陈粮大米糖化工艺的研究

研究了液化温度和时间、糖化温度和时间、酶用量、pH和底物浓度在糖化过程中对糖化质量和DE值的影响,确定了陈粮大米糖化工艺的最适条件为液化pH5.8～6 0,α-淀粉酶10～12U/g干物质,105～108℃维持5～8min,闪冷到95～97℃,保持90～120min.;糖化pH4.2～4.4,糖化酶100～120U/g干物质,温度60+2℃,时间28～32h.     

酶法制取葡萄糖的工艺研究

随着现代精细工业的发展,葡萄糖作为基料的社会用量日益增大,用途日趋广泛,制取葡萄糖的工艺研究也成为国内外不间断的课题。本文采用酶法水解与目前先进的过滤、离子交换及蒸发浓缩等下游工程技术结合,研究葡萄糖加工的工艺条件与提高产品纯度和得率的实用技术。通过实验确定最佳工艺条件为：液化时,pH6．0～6．5,温度85℃,时间40min,α-淀粉酶用量0．3％,淀粉浆浓度30％;糖化时,pH4．2～4．5,温度60℃,时间48h,糖化酶用量0．6％。      

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the