重金属污染土壤植物修复效果试验研究

为了研究络合剂NTA（氨三乙酸）和覆膜条件对绿叶苋菜、土豆和紫花苜蓿三种植物修复土壤铅、铜、镉、铬复合重金属污染的影响,采用L16（4^3）正交表进行盆栽试验。植物培养30天后,植物富集铅和镉的含量主要受到络合剂含量的影响,随着NTA的含量的增加,植物富集能力先促进,后抑制;铜和铬主要受植物种类的影响。正交试验结果极差分析和方差分析表明,当络合剂添加量为2mmol时,土豆在不覆膜的条件下对四种金属的吸收量最大。另外,在研究植物修复单一重金属时发现,绿叶苋菜对铅有一定的富集潜力,土豆对铜的富集效果最好,紫花苜蓿对镉和铬都具有较好的富集能力。     

干旱胁迫下3种驱蚊植物营养生长期叶绿素含量的变化

为3种驱蚊植物抗旱指标的筛选及抗旱性的研究提供理论依据,该文采用盆栽人工控水法对3种植物营养生长期分别进行不同强度、不同历时的水分胁迫及复水后测其叶绿素及其组分含量。结果显示:短期(5 d)、不同程度水分干旱胁迫下,3种植物的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均有所升高。较长时间(10 d)不同程度水分干旱胁迫下,碰碰香与天竺葵的叶绿素a有所上升,驱蚊香草随胁迫程度增强先上升后下降。长期(25 d)干旱胁迫下,碰碰香叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量随胁控程度增强均有所上升;天竺葵先上升后下降,驱蚊香草一直下降。复水后3种植物叶绿素含量均有所回升。根据上述结果,叶绿素可作为鉴定3种植物抗旱性指标之一。     

冷变形对00Cr18Mn15Mo2N0.9高氮无镍不锈钢摩擦磨损性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

对新型00Cr18Mn15Mo2N0.9高氮无镍不锈钢进行不同变形量的冷轧处理,研究了高氮无镍不锈钢的冷变形性能以及冷变形对其摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,高氮无镍不锈钢的奥氏体组织稳定,即使发生60%的冷变形也不产生形变马氏体;随着冷变形量的增加,高氮无镍不锈钢的强度、硬度提高,断后延伸率、加工硬化指数逐渐减小。在2、5和10 N载荷作用下,00Cr18Mn15Mo2N0.9高氮无镍不锈钢的磨损速率随着冷变形量的增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势,且载荷为2 N和5 N时在20%变形量处高氮无镍不锈钢具有最佳耐磨性,载荷为10 N时40%变形态高氮无镍不锈钢的耐磨性最佳。同时,随着冷变形程度和载荷的增加,00Cr18Mn15Mo2N0.9高氮无镍不锈钢的磨损机制逐渐由磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和脆性剥落转变为磨粒磨损和脆性剥落。     

掺镍对钛酸钡陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备均匀掺镍钛酸钡纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷.通过XRD和SEM对掺镍钛酸钡粉体及陶瓷进行表征,并测定陶瓷的介电性能,主要研究掺镍量对钛酸钡陶瓷的相组成、显微组织和介电性能的影响.结果表明:采用Sol-gel法制得掺镍钛酸钡基纳米晶立方相粉体(25nm),经烧结后可得到四方相钛酸钡.氧化镍在钛酸钡陶瓷中的溶解限约为0.9 at.%(约为固相掺杂时的2倍);掺镍量低于此溶解限时,随着掺镍量的增大,陶瓷晶粒的长大趋势受到抑制,陶瓷的居里温度降低;当掺镍量高于此溶解限时,陶瓷晶粒长大,陶瓷的居里温度保持在85℃;随掺镍量的增加,陶瓷最大介电常数εm呈先增大后减小的趋势.     

催化相转化法制备纳米铁酸镍及性质研究

用催化相转化法在不同初始浓度，不同pH值下．在液相中短时间内合成出了纳米铁酸镍微晶．利用XRD、TEM对产物进行了表征，并测定了产物的磁化强度、密度及比表面。结果表明，该方法制备的纳米级铁酸镍具有超顺磁性，粒径小于20nm。     

镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的制备与表征

以工业固体废弃物镍渣和偏高岭土为原料,以水玻璃为激发剂,在相同稠度下制备镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物。研究了镍渣种类和掺量对地聚合物力学性能和体积变化的影响,测定了地聚合物的碱溶出情况,并利用XRD、SEM-EDS对地聚合物的矿物组成和微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:随着水淬镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的抗压强度先增大后降低,在镍渣掺量为50%、液固比为0.45时,地聚合物的抗压强度最大,28d达到58.8 MPa;而随着风冷镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的强度逐渐降低。此外,水淬镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的体积变化主要表现为膨胀,而风冷镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物表现为收缩。     

WC-Ni硬质合金粘结相成分优化研究

为了提高WC-Ni硬质合金的力学性能,对其粘结相成分优化做了研究。保持粘结相总量不变,通过添加少量的Fe粉来代替等质量的Ni粉,研究烧结体微观结构和力学性能随Fe粉添加量增加而变化的情况。研究发现,WC-Ni基硬质合金中加入少量的Fe粉即可起到明显的晶粒抑制作用;随着Fe添加量的增加,烧结体的强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而硬度则呈现一直上升的趋势;WC-7%Ni-1%Fe硬质合金的力学性能可达到Cr或Mo掺杂的WC-Ni硬质合金的水平。     

化学镀镍磷合金镀层封孔处理工艺及性能

研究了一种新型的镍磷合金镀层镀后处理工艺,即在常温下,采用化学的方法对镍磷合金镀层进行封孔处理,利用不同旋镀时间的镍磷合金镀层模拟具有不同孔隙率的镍磷合金 镀层,并采用涂膏法对封孔前、后镍磷合金镀层的孔隙率进行了测定。结果表明：经封孔处理的镍磷合金镀层的孔隙率大幅度下降,采用动电位极化技术测试了镍磷合金镀层封孔处理前、后的极化曲线,发现：经封 处理后的镍磷合金镀层,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流减小,通过扫描电镜观察了封孔处理镍磷合金镀层的表面形貌,可见：经过扫描电镜观察了封孔处理后镍磷合金镀层的表面形貌,可见：经封孔处理后的镍磷合金镀层表面形成了一层保护膜,使镍磷合金镀层的孔隙得以封闭。     

多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混复合膜的制备及性能研究

为了提高PAN膜的性能,首先用超声分散将MWNT溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,之后加入PAN,通过相转化法制备MWNT/PAN共混复合膜.研究表明,随着MWNT添加量的增加,共混膜的拉伸强度呈先增加后减少的趋势,从2.2 MPa上升到2.4MPa后拉伸强度开始下降.这是由于适量的MWNT起到物理交联的作用,而添加过多,导致MWNT团聚,降低共混膜的拉伸强度.断裂伸长率随着添加量的增加缓慢下降,从20%下降到18.6%;水通量随着MWNT添加量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在添加量为质量分数1%时较纯PAN膜增加了近60%,后水通量呈下降趋势,但是仍然高于PAN膜.这一变化趋势是由膜孔结构的变化和MWNT堵孔共同作用的结果.共混膜的截留率也呈先增加后减少的趋势.当MWNT添加量为4%时,截留率达到最大值96%.抗污染性能测试结果显示膜的水通量恢复率随着添加量的增加呈先增后减少的趋势,在添加量为7%时,达到70%.抗污染性能提高的原因是膜的润湿性得到改善.     

大尺寸掺硼宝石级金刚石单晶的高温高压合成及电学性质研究

在5.4GPa、1200～1400℃条件下,进行掺硼金刚石单晶的合成研究。成功合成出了重0.2g,径向尺寸达6.0mm的优质掺硼金刚石单晶。考察了合成体系中硼添加量对晶体透光度的影响。利用伏安特性和霍尔测试,得到了掺硼金刚石单晶常温电阻率、霍尔系数及霍尔迁移率和合成体系中硼添加量的关系。研究发现,随着合成体系中硼添加量的增加,晶体的电阻率和霍尔迁移率都呈下降趋势;霍尔系数随硼添加量的增加先下降后上升。随着硼添加量的增加:晶体常温电阻率下降,表明硼杂质已进入到金刚石晶体中。霍尔迁移率的下降,可能是晶体缺陷增多对载流子散射所致。霍尔系数先减小后增大,这可能与进入金刚石的硼元素量增大及晶体缺陷增多有关。     

LDPE-Ni/多晶铁纤维电磁屏蔽包装材料研究

为制备一种性能优良,使用方便的电磁屏蔽包装材料,用多晶铁纤维和镍粉作为导电填料,填加到LDPE中,制备成了LDPE-Ni/多晶铁纤维电磁屏蔽材料.研究发现,该材料的屏蔽效能值为20dB;"渗滤阈值"为20%～25%;由于多晶铁纤维的复合磁损耗机理,材料的具有一定的吸波功能;当多晶铁纤维和镍粉的含量为18%时,复合材料达到最大拉伸强度12.5MPa,而其断裂伸长率呈下降趋势.     

Hazardous materials in the environment of Dnepropetrovsk region (Ukraine)

The investigations were aimed at assessment of environmental pollution in one of the most industrialized regions of Ukraine - Dnepropetrovsk Region. The following types of environmental contamination were considered in the study: emissions and concentrations of 16 air pollutants; content and distribution of 15 elements in soils and plants at the polluted and unpolluted territories. The investigations were conducted at 28 urban sites and 18 rural sites of the Region during 1991-1998 years. Level and character of air, soil and plants contamination were investigated. Statistical methods were used to describe quantitatively the relationships between contents of hazardous materials in the environment. It was found that concentrations of fluoride, iron, copper, zinc, and lead in the soil and contents of fluoride, iron, nickel, cadmium, and aluminum in plants were several times higher than normal.     

Accumulation and residue of napropamide in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and soil involved in toxic response

Napropamide belongs to the amide herbicide family and widely used to control weeds in farmland. Intensive use of the herbicide has resulted in widespread contamination to ecosystems. The present study demonstrated an analysis on accumulation of the toxic pesticide napropamide in six genotypes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), along with biological parameters and its residues in soils. Soil was treated with napropamide at 3 mg kg(-1) dry soil and alfalfa plants were cultured for 10 or 30 d, respectively. The maximum value for napropamide accumulation is 0.426 mg kg(-1) in shoots and 2.444 mg kg(-1) in roots. The napropamide-contaminated soil with alfalfa cultivation had much lower napropamide concentrations than the control (soil without alfalfa cultivation). Also, the content of napropamide residue in the rhizosphere was significantly lower than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. M. sativa exposed to 3 mg kg(-1) napropamide showed inhibited growth. Further analysis revealed that plants treated with napropamide accumulated more reactive oxygen species (O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2)) and less amounts of chlorophyll. However, not all cultivars showed oxidative injury, suggesting that the alfalfa cultivars display different tolerance to napropamide.     

Lead accumulation and tolerance characteristics of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) as a potential phytostabilizer

Lead (Pb) pollution poses great threats to human health and can trigger serious environmental consequences. Athyrium wardii (Hook.), a new plant with the potential for phytostabilization of Pb, was identified in a field survey of plant species in a lead-zinc mine tailing located in Sichuan Province, China. The growth, Pb concentration and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of mining ecotypes (ME) and non-mining ecotypes (NME) were analyzed by pot experiment employing different concentrations of Pb(NO(3))(2) in tested soil during four weeks period. The results showed that the A. wardii has a higher tolerance to excessive levels of Pb soil contamination. The concentrations of Pb in the shoots and roots of the ME were 3.5 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than those of the NME when plants were supplied with Pb at 800 mg Pb kg(-1). A. wardii of ME showed higher bio-activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and lower concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and membrane permeability under higher Pb levels, while the opposite tendency was observed in NME. These findings demonstrated that the mining ecotype of A. wardii has the potential for phytostabilization of Pb contaminated soils.     

高频脉冲电镀镍层内应力的研究

文章研究了不同脉冲参数如脉冲频率、占空比和电流密度等对高频脉冲电镀镍层内应力的影响,结果显示,随着脉冲频率的增大,镀镍层内应力先增大后减小,逐渐趋于平缓;随着占空比和电流密度的增大,内应力先减小后增大,在低电流密度区,应力值相当高,但在中等电流密度区应力有最小值。当在占空比为0．3,电流密度为7．5A／dm^2、频率为20kHz时,内应力最小。     

烧结型钕铁硼电镀镍工艺

研究了不同处理工艺对烧结型钕铁硼电镀镍层性能的影响，通过对镀层孔隙率，结合力，耐蚀性等性能的测试，确定了封孔，除油，除锈，活化，化学镀镍打底，电镀镍工艺，并得到了光亮，孔隙率低，结合力高和耐蚀性强的镀层。     

三辛基甲基氯化铵对废水中柠檬酸镍的萃取作用

化学镀镍废水中含镍和柠檬酸,不处理将污染环境,不回收将浪费资源.研究了以三辛基甲基氯化铵(TOMAC)为萃取剂,萃取废水中柠檬酸镍的传质过程.结果表明,当萃取剂质量摩尔浓度为0.025 mol/L、相比为1、pH值为10、萃取时间30 min,萃取率可以达到99%以上,对实际废水进行处理,也取得了比较满意的结果,有效地回收了废水中柠檬酸镍,为化学镀镍废水资源回收提供了一种有效的方法.     

Fe增强Ni2(CO3)(OH)2臭氧分解抗湿性与催化性能

臭氧污染已成为我国继PM2.5之后的主要污染物,传统的臭氧分解催化材料在湿润环境中性能不稳定.本工作采用水热法制备了一种铁掺杂改性的碱式碳酸镍催化剂(NiCH-Fe),该催化剂可在60％相对湿度下稳定分解2.14μg/L臭氧12 h,去除率达99％.水分子吸附质量检测结果表明,NiCH-Fe表面的水分子吸附量比纯NiC...     

高性能磁流变液悬浮相表面改性的研究

对悬浮相铁粉的表面进行镀镍和渗氮,从而改善磁流变液的性能。通过扫描电镜分析、热重分析、XRD分析、磁化特性分析,发现镀镍和渗氮可以提高铁粉的抗氧化性,渗氮后粒子表面形成1层Fe4N。摩擦性能的分析表明渗氮后提高了磁流变液的耐磨性。     

Nickel-Doped Carbon Dots as an Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for Urea Oxidation

Urea is a typical contaminant present in wastewater which may cause severe environmental problems. Electrochemical catalytic oxidation of urea has emerged as an efficient approach to solve this problem. Nevertheless, the current nickel-based catalysts (e.g., nickel hydroxide/sulfides) feature a high metal content. It not only lowers the utilization efficiency of nickel but also causes secondary pollution to the environment. Here, nickel-doped carbon dots (Ni-CDs) with an excellent and stable catalytic activity for the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) are reported. Specifically, carbon dots (CDs) with abundant functional groups are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method and then Ni-CDs with a very low metal content (1.1 at%) are prepared. The Ni²⁺ sites by coordination with carboxylic groups on the CDs provide excellent electrocatalytic activity and excellent durability for the UOR, as demonstrated by an anodic current density of 100 mA cm⁻² at a potential of 1.38 V (vs RHE) and similar experimental results in practical application. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of CDs-based materials applied for the UOR, which opens an important new area of applicability for CDs as well as broadens the scope of the materials for electrochemical catalysis of urea.