基于特征尺度及多尺度分解的纹理分割

在计算机视觉领域，纹理识别及分割是图像低层次处理中一个重要的问题。文章依据视觉信息处理的生理学理论，提出了一种新的纹理分析算法。该算法通过搜寻纹理图像的特征尺度并配合连续整数尺度滤波上的特征尺度统计对纹理进行分层分析。并基于特征尺度上的分层分析提出一种纹理分割算法。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

Numerical simulations of particle migration in a viscoelastic fluid subjected to Poiseuille flow

In this work we present 2D numerical simulations on the migration of a particle suspended in a viscoelastic fluid under Poiseuille flow. A Giesekus model is chosen as constitutive equation of the suspending liquid. In order to study the sole effect of the fluid viscoelasticity, both fluid and particle inertia are neglected.The governing equations are solved through the finite element method with proper stabilization techniques to get convergent solutions at relatively large flow rates. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation is adopted to manage the particle motion. The mesh grid is moved along the flow so as to limit particle motion only in the gradient direction to substantially reduce mesh distortion and remeshing.Viscoelasticity of the suspending fluid induces particle cross-streamline migration. Both large Deborah number and shear thinning speed up the migration velocity. When the particle is small compared to the gap (small confinement), the particle migrates towards the channel centerline or the wall depending on its initial position. Above a critical confinement (large particles), the channel centerline is no longer attracting, and the particle is predicted to migrate towards the closest wall when its initial position is not on the channel centerline. As the particle approaches the wall, the translational velocity in the flow direction is found to become equal to the linear velocity corresponding to the rolling motion over the wall without slip.     

Multiscale traveling: crossing the boundary between space and scale

Adding multiscale interaction capabilities to 3D virtual environments may permit work with huge virtual worlds that might otherwise be too large to manage. Multiscale technology has shown potential to support user interactions. This paper reports an experimental study of two multiscale traveling techniques. Our results show that while allowing a flexible control on travel speed and accuracy is beneficial, directly traversing the space-scale could be a challenge for users, probably due to difficulties in perceiving scalable virtual space and executing scaling operations. The results suggest that more research is needed to improve the understanding of the coupling of space and scale in multiscale user interface and to harness the full potentials of multiscale traveling techniques.     

一种多尺度分形特征目标检测方法

自然背景干扰下的自动目标检测是目标检测的一个基本问题.根据尺度变化时自然场景中人造目标的分形特征变化剧烈这一特点,提出了一种分形参数极值特征的自动目标检测方法.大量的实验结果表明,分形参数极值特征的自动目标检测方法能较好地完成自然背景干扰中人造小目标的自动检测.     

Multiscale fuzzy system identification

One of the biggest challenges in constructing empirical models is the presence of measurement errors in the data. These errors (or noise) can have a drastic effect on the accuracy and prediction of estimated models, and thus need to be removed for improved models accuracy. Multiscale representation of data has shown great noise-removal ability when used in data filtering. In this paper, this advantage of multiscale representation is exploited to improve the accuracy of the nonlinear Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models by developing a multiscale fuzzy (MSF) system identification algorithm. The developed algorithm relies on constructing multiple TS fuzzy models at multiple scales using the scaled signal approximations of the input–output data, and then selecting the optimum multiscale model that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio of the model prediction. The developed algorithm is shown to outperform the time domain fuzzy model, NARMAX model, and fuzzy model estimated from pre-filtered data using an Exponentially weighted Moving Average (EWMA) filter through a simulated shell and tube heat exchanger modeling example. The reason for this improvement is that the developed MSF modeling algorithm improves the model accuracy by integrating modeling and data filtering using a filter bank, from which the optimum filter (for modeling purposes) is selected.     

基于多尺度句子信息的语义距离计算

句子语义距离计算是许多智能系统的一项基础技术。基于多尺度分析思想,提出一个多级语义距离计算方法。首先通过词汇级语义距离算法对句子对进行初步过滤,然后对于语义距离小于一定阂值的例子进行语法分析、语义分析;获得标准语义分析框架之后,再次对框架中的中心概念进行比较,最后对通过二级筛选的句子对使用基于动态权重的语义同构算法进行计算,得到最终的语义距离。最后通过实验验证,该方法总精度达到73.3%,对相关度比较高的情况,到达和基于语义级算法相近的91. 4%。     

一种基于变分方法的多分辨率域融合策略

针对常规多分辨率域融合策略的处理过于直接可能会降低融合图像质量的现象,提出了一种多分辨率域变分融合策略.该策略根据源图像分解系数的梯度信息构造目标系数梯度场,寻找梯度最接近目标梯度场的系数作为融合图像的分解系数.为了保持与源图像的相似性,对高、低频系数分别加入了约束条件.针对高频系数对噪声敏感的特点,还引入了全变分项来保证解的平滑性.在多聚焦图像、红外图像与可见光图像上的融合实验结果表明:与常规融合策略相比,提出的融合策略能够注入更多的空间细节信息,同时能更有效地保留源图像的结构信息.     

基于小波多尺度积的边缘检测算法

在分析小波变换对噪声和边缘点影响规律的基础上,结合多尺度乘积的特性,提出了一种基于小波变换的多尺乘积边缘检测新算法。通过边缘检测性能评测计算和实验验证表明,该算法能有效增强边缘、抑制噪声,且定位精度高。     

多尺度Retinex算法在简牍图像增强中的应用

简牍图像增强是简牍文字修复和文字信息提取最为关键的一个步骤.以长沙简牍博物馆收藏的简牍文物为实物模型,以该馆提供的简牍数字图像为研究对象,提出了基于多尺度Retinex(MSR)算法的简牍图像增强方法,论述了本算法的原理及实现方法.采用MSR算法来消除光照对简牍图像的退化影响,以达到增强图像暗区细节信息的目的;同时针对MSR输出图像偏暗,提出了直方图拉伸算法.试验结果表明:本算法能够提高简牍图像对比度的同时,能显著地增强图像暗区的细节信息并且使简牍图像具有较好、较高的色彩保真度.本方法克服了目前常规的图像增强方法的不足,能够满足简牍考古人员的要求.     

基于多尺度谱特征的SAR图像分割

该文结合多尺度技术与谱分析方法,提出了基于多尺度谱特征的图像分割方法,并将之用于SAR图像分割。该方法在多尺度框架内,提取每个像素在不同尺度下的局部谱特征(AR模型参数),并组合各尺度的谱特征为一多尺度谱特征向量,作为该像素的分类特征,利用一基于二元假设检验的分类器对该像素分类。与单一尺度的谱特征分割方法相比,多尺度谱特征分割保留了算法简单的优点的同时,在小窗口情况下,仍能给出较平滑的分割结果,从而减小了计算复杂度。     

运动图像多尺度分割中的参数估计方法

将一种新颖的多尺度分割方法引入了多分辨率运动图像分割框架中 ,从而形成了一种新的多尺度运动图像分割方法。该方法主要由多尺度随机场和序贯极大后验估计两个基本概念组成 ,主要是解决多尺度图像分割中仍然存在的计算复杂度问题 ,并可以通过上下文图像模型达到更加准确的图像分割。     

基于小波多尺度分析的图象快速匹配模型

提出了小波多尺度分析理论在计算机中层视觉二维图象识别中的一种应用，并给出了一个高效匹配模型。利用二维图象的小波多尺度分解来模拟２个最主要的生物视觉通路，并对不同通道分别进行匹配计算，由粗到精地实现了基于扫视和凝视的二维图象的快速识别。与传统的模板匹配法相比，该方法具有速度快、搜索范围大、精度高、抗噪能力强等优点     

Multiscale computation for bioartificial soft tissues with complex geometries

The mechanical function of soft collagenous tissues is inherently multiscale, with the tissue dimension being in the centimeter length scale and the underlying collagen network being in the micrometer length scale. This paper uses a volume averaging multiscale model to predict the collagen gel mechanics. The model is simulated using a multiscale component toolkit that is capable of dealing with any 3D geometries. Each scale in the multiscale model is treated as an independent component that exchanges the deformation and average stress information through a scale-linking operator. An arterial bifurcation was simulated using the multiscale model, and the results demonstrated that the mechanical response of the soft tissues is strongly sensitive to the network orientation and fiber-to-fiber interactions.     

Mesh sensitivity in peridynamic simulations

In this work, we investigate the suitability of several meshing strategies for use with a common peridynamics solution scheme. First, we use a manufactured solution to quantify the influence of different meshes on the accuracy and conditioning of a nonlocal boundary value problem in one and two dimensions. We explore convergence behavior, the effects of model parameters, and sensitivity to perturbations. We then apply the same meshing strategies to a three-dimensional impact simulation that employs the full peridynamic mechanical theory. We present a qualitative comparison of the fracture patterns that result, and suggest best practices for generating meshes that lead to efficient, high-quality numerical simulations of peridynamic models.     

Multiscale recognition of legume varieties based on leaf venation images

In this work we propose an automatic low cost procedure aimed at classifying legume species and varieties based exclusively on the characterization and analysis of the leaf venation network. The identification of leaf venation patterns which are characteristic for each species or variety is not an easy task since in some situations (specially for cultivars from the same species) the vein differences are visually indistinguishable for humans. The proposed procedure takes as input leaf images acquired using a standard scanner, processes the images in order to segment the veins at different scales, and measures different traits on them. We use these features in combination with modern automatic classifiers and feature selection techniques in order to perform recognition. The process was initially applied to recognize three different legumes in order to evaluate the improvements over previous works in the literature, and then it was employed to distinguish three diverse soybean cultivars. The results show the improvements achieved by the usage of the multiscale features. The cultivar recognition is a more challenging problem, since the experts cannot distinguish evident differences in plain sight. However, we achieve acceptable classification results. We also analyze the feature relevance and identify, for each classifier, a small set of distinctive traits to differentiate the species and varieties.     

一种文档图像多尺度分割算法

1.研究背景随着数字图书馆和电子办公应用的日益普及,面对大量纸质原始文件及资料的数字化,直接扫描、存储和传输文档的需求越来越多,为了解决扫描文档图像庞大信息量和存储容量、传输带宽之间的矛盾,迫切需要专门针对文档图像研究新的高性能压缩算法。根据扫描文挡页面的内容特征,提高压缩比最有挖掘潜力的方法是对文档图像进行图文分割后再分别     

Multiscale facial structure representation for face recognition under varying illumination

Facial structure of face image under lighting lies in multiscale space. In order to detect and eliminate illumination effect, a wavelet-based face recognition method is proposed in this paper. In this work, the effect of illuminations is effectively reduced by wavelet-based denoising techniques, and meanwhile the multiscale facial structure is generated. Among others, the proposed method has the following advantages: (1) it can be directly applied to single face image, without any prior information of 3D shape or light sources, nor many training samples; (2) due to the multiscale nature of wavelet transform, it has better edge-preserving ability in low frequency illumination fields; and (3) the parameter selection process is computationally feasible and fast. Experiments are carried out upon the Yale B and CMU PIE face databases, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves satisfactory recognition rates under varying illumination conditions.     

一种基于多尺度几何分析下的图像去噪算法研究

图像的边缘和轮廓包含图像的重要特征信息,当图像中数据混有噪声的时候,对边缘的检测比较困难。在多尺度几何分析理论的基础上,提出了一种基于尺度因子与Contourlet变换的图像去噪算法。实验表明,该算法对高斯白噪声污染的图像去噪具有很好的效果,不仅可以提高处理图像的信噪比,图像的视觉效果也明显改善。     

Automated adaptive cardiovascular flow simulations

We present an automatic adaptive procedure to perform blood flow simulations in the cardiovascular system. The procedure allows the user to start with subject-specific data collected through clinical measurements, like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and evaluate physiological parameters of interest, like flow distribution, pressure variations, wall shear stress, in an automatic and efficient manner. The process involves construction of geometric models of blood vessels, specification of flow conditions and application of an adaptive flow solver. The latter is based on incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using adaptive spatial discretization (meshing) techniques. In this article, we demonstrate the method on a model of a human abdominal aorta of a normal subject with geometry and flow rates assimilated from MRI data. The results obtained show that boundary layer mesh adaptivity offers a better alternative leading to more accurate predictions, especially for key physiological quantities like wall shear stress.