基于ANSYS的复合材料层合板的拉伸失效模拟

基于ANSYS的APDL语言开发复合材料层合板的拉伸失效模块,实现有限元分析的参数化建模和累积失效分析.采用Solid64宴体单元建立复合材料层合板的三维模型,依据改进的三维Haisin失效准则对结构单元进行失效判断,并对失效单元进行刚度退化.当失效单元贯穿所有单层时,复合材料层合板结构彻底失效.通过对铺层方式为[0/45/-45/90]s复合材料层合板结构拉伸模拟,探讨其拉伸破坏形式,得到层合结构的最终拉伸强度,并把其拉伸强度与文献实验结果进行对比,得到的结果与实验一致.该方法简便直观,便于工程运用.     

铺层结构对复合材料层合板弯曲强度及失效行为的影响

通过改变偏轴角为45°和90°的[45°/–45°],[0°/90°]正交铺层组的质量分数,设计了6种复合材料层合板铺层结构。研究了两种偏轴角正交铺层组共同存在的铺层结构对真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺复合材料层合板弯曲强度及失效行为的影响。通过弯曲实验获得6种复合材料层合板的弯曲强度、损伤特征以及应力–应变曲线。结果表明,随偏轴角为90°的[0°/90°]铺层组质量分数的增加,复合材料层合板的弯曲强度逐渐增大;两种偏轴角正交铺层组共同存在的铺层结构可引起复合材料层合板在弯曲载荷作用下的损伤模式多元化。     

CFRP层合板冲击后压缩失效分析数值模拟

复合材料层合板的损伤容限是复合材料结构设计的关键因素。针对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)层合板低速冲击损伤和压缩破坏问题,本文基于连续损伤力学和粘结单元模型,在ABAQUS中对两种不同冲击能量下的层合板进行了低速冲击和冲击后压缩仿真分析,并对层内和层间损伤进行了研究,分析了层合板的冲击损伤与压缩失效行为,通过与试验结果进行对比,验证了该模型的有效性。研究结果表明:冲击损伤对层合板的剩余压缩强度有着重要影响,试件的破坏开始于冲击损伤区域,并逐渐扩展到层合板的边缘,压缩力快速下降,层合板最终失效。     

复合材料层合板损伤容限敏感性参数研究

本文针对碳纤维增强复合材料层合板冲击下的损伤容限参数敏感性进行分析.对复合材料层合板损伤容限的影响参数、纤维角度、铺层顺序、层合板厚度、冲击速度和冲击角度等进行冲击损伤仿真,采用蔡-吴强度准则评价层合板冲击的剩余强度,并对各参数影响的敏感性排序,确定纤维角度和铺层顺序为复合材料层合板冲击下损伤容限的敏感参数.     

基于拉伸载荷的碳纤维/环氧树脂层合板疲劳断裂机理

为研究拉伸载荷下碳纤维/环氧树脂层合板的疲劳性能，开展了4种应力水平下的T300/6511碳纤维平纹织物层合板的拉-拉疲劳实验，得到了不同应力水平下层合板的疲劳寿命。采用超声波C扫和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察断口形貌及内部损伤，讨论复合材料疲劳损伤发展积累过程和断裂机理。通过复合材料疲劳有限元分析模型，模拟了复合材料织物层合板疲劳损伤积累和失效过程，绘制了S-lg N曲线，分析发现模型预测的疲劳寿命及失效模式与实验结果吻合良好。疲劳加载时，层合板两侧自由边的表面首先出现基体开裂和分层损伤，随后诱发基体与纤维间界面破坏，损伤加剧，并迅速向内侧扩展；最后大量纤维和基体断裂，损伤贯穿整个截面，导致疲劳断裂。     

汽车复合材料层合板准静态力学性能的试验测定

以应用于某新能源电动汽车的复合材料层合板为研究对象,利用万能试验机和静态应变测试分析系统等提出了可靠的复合材料层合板准静态拉伸和压缩力学性能试验测定方法,从而为复合材料结构在汽车轻量化中的设计和应用提供了试验依据。该层合板结构采用±45°交叉铺层方法,由2层碳纤维、1层芳纶纤维和2层玻璃纤维层叠构成。试验结果表明,该复合材料层合板在准静态拉伸时呈现沿±45°方向和层间分离挤压的断裂失效模式,这与其内部纤维铺层方向是一致的。同时,由于在复合材料板材中加入了增韧和板材失效时起连接作用的芳纶纤维和玻璃纤维铺层,该复合材料层合板的整体力学性能较常见碳纤维增强复合材料板材,其弹性模量和强度性能均有所降低。     

含褶皱缺陷玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板拉伸渐进失效分析

为研究褶皱缺陷对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板拉伸性能的影响,采用Abaqus有限元软件,结合USDFLD子程序,建立含褶皱缺陷的玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板渐进失效分析模型。通过数值仿真分析方法对含褶皱缺陷层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的强度退化和渐进失效过程进行研究,分析褶皱高宽比对层合板拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:拉伸强度预测值以及损伤初始位置与文献中实验结果吻合较好,验证了建立的仿真分析模型;随着褶皱高宽比的增加,拉伸失效载荷和强度显著降低;在拉伸载荷作用下,在褶皱变形区域与富树脂区域相接的铺层位置存在应力集中;层合板损伤由富树脂区域逐渐向褶皱变形区域扩展,最终在褶皱变形区域完全失效;受褶皱影响,层合板在拉伸过程中发生弯曲变形,在线弹性阶段,相同载荷条件下变形随着褶皱高宽比的增加而增加。     

对在层合板最大强度计算中刚度退化的探讨

本文讨论了纤维增强复合材料层合板在发生有铺层失效后的刚度变化情况,引入了刚度退化系数的概念,并将由此计算得到的层合板在发生有铺层失效后的刚度和强度与实验值作了比较。实验发现,用刚度退化系数来研究复合材料层合板在有铺层失效后的刚度变化情况是可行的。     

复合材料层合板雷击损伤数值模拟研究

复合材料导电性差,雷击损伤严重危及到复合材料飞机结构安全。研究建立了复合材料层合板雷击损伤数值模拟的三维有限元模型。首先给出雷击电流作用下复合材料层合板的热-电耦合控制方程,然后建立基于层合板温度分布的单元失效和材料热电性能衰减准则,通过ABAQUS有限元软件的热电耦合分析模块中添加用户子程序USDFLD实现复合材料层合板雷击损伤数值模拟。预测结果与试验结果对比表明,该模型可准确预测复合材料层合板雷击损伤的损伤形状、面积和深度。     

铺层结构对EP/GF复合材料沉头螺栓连接失效的影响

以环氧树脂(EP)为基体,单层玻璃纤维(GF)布为增强体,利用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了具有[0°]_(_(6s)),[45°/–45°]_(_(3s)),[0°/90°]_(_(3s)),[90°]_(_(6s))铺层结构的EP/GF复合材料层合板,通过拉伸失效实验研究了铺层结构对复合材料层合板沉头螺栓连接承载能力的影响,并进一步分析了4种铺层结构的沉头螺栓连接层合板在拉伸时的失效行为。结果表明,[45°/–45°]_(_(3s))与[0°/90°]_(_(3s))铺层结构的层合板均发生了承载失效,具有较高的螺栓连接承载能力,其中[0°/90°]_(3s)铺层结构的层合板最大拉伸载荷最高,为6.7 k N,[45°/–45°]_(3s)铺层结构的层合板具有最大的失效位移,为14.17 mm;[0°]_(6s)铺层结构的层合板发生了剪切开裂失效,其螺栓连接承载能力低于上述两种铺层结构;[90°]_(6s)铺层结构的层合板发生了净张力失效,其螺栓连接承载能力最低。     

复合材料层合板贴补修理失效模式分析与修理参数选择

在对复合材料层合板进行渐进失效分析时,Zinoviev刚度退化模型是最常用的刚度退化模型之一,但是该模型涉及的参数较多并且只能用于二维问题,对其进行简化和改进后,不仅参数减少而且可以扩展至三维,基于此改进的Zinoviev刚度退化模型,结合Shokrieh改进的三维Hashin准则,采用INTER205单元对胶层进行模拟,利用ANSYS软件建立了承受面内拉伸荷载的含圆孔缺陷的复合材料层合板双边贴补修理渐进失效三维有限元模型。此有限元模型的结果和试验结果拟合得比较好,验证了改进的Zinoviev退化模型和有限元模型的有效性。利用此有限元模型分析了承受面内拉伸荷载的双边贴补修理复合材料层合板的失效模式,发现主要破坏模式为胶层的脱胶加速了母板中的纤维失效,导致结构最终失效。最后分析了主要修理参数对修理效果的影响,结果表明:增大补片尺寸可以明显提高修补结构的强度;当补片刚度与母板刚度相同时,修补效果较好;当补片厚度为母板厚度一半时,修补效果最好。     

Improving energy dissipation and damage resistance of CFRP laminates using alumina nanoparticles

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the effect of a toughened epoxy matrix on the damage evolution, energy dissipation, and permanent indentation of composite laminates under out-of-plane (transverse) loading is presented experimentally. The epoxy matrix was toughened by 3% alumina nanoparticles with sizes less than 200?nm. A quasi-static indentation test was exploited to characterise the damage modes and evaluate the dissipation of energy of the composite laminate. The dissipated energy was evaluated as the enclosed area between the loading and unloading curves, while the damage resistance was expressed as the number of delaminations and their size. The results showed that epoxy toughened by alumina nanoparticles, showed an improvement in the damage threshold load by 27.3% and higher ultimate load under indentation. Regarding the damage resistance, the toughened laminates showed lower number of delaminated interfaces and lower projected delamination area than untoughened laminates. This is due to the localised damage under the indenter, the matrix cracks at low indentation energy and fibre breakages occur at high indentation energy.     

The comparison of low‐velocity impact resistance of aluminum/carbon and glass fiber metal laminates

This article presents the low‐velocity impact response of fiber metal laminates, based on aluminum with a polymer composite, reinforced with carbon and glass fibers. The influence of fiber orientations as well as analysis of load‐time history, damage area and damage depth in relation to different energy levels is presented and discussed. The obtained results made it possible to determine characteristic points, which may be responsible for particular stages of the laminate structure degradation process: local microcracks and delaminations, leading to a decrease in the stiffness of the laminate, as well as further damage represented by laminate cracks and its perforation. The damage mechanism of fiber metal laminates is rather complex. In case of carbon fiber laminates, a higher tendency to perforation was observed in comparison to laminates containing glass fibers. Delaminations in composite interlayers and at the metal/composite interface constitute a significant damage form of fiber metal laminates resulting from dynamic loads. Fiber metal laminates with glass fibers absorb energy mainly through plastic deformation as well as through delamination initiation and propagation, whereas laminates containing carbon fibers absorb energy for penetration and perforation of the laminate. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1056–1063, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of interlaminar toughness on the low‐velocity impact damage in composite laminates

Based on the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) and the cohesive zone model (CZM), a numerical analysis method for the evaluation of damage in composite laminates under low‐velocity impact is proposed. The intraply damage including matrix crack and fiber fracture is represented by the CDM which takes into account the progressive failure behavior in the ply, using the damage variable to describe the intraply damage state. The delamination is characterized by a special contact law including the CZM which takes into account the normal crack and the tangential slip. The effect of the interlaminar toughness on the impact damage is investigated, which is as yet seldom discussed in detail. The results reveal that as the interlaminar fracture toughness enhances, the delamination area and the dissipated energy caused by delamination decrease. The contribution of normal crack and tangential slip to delamination is evaluated numerically, and the later one is the dominant delamination type during the impact process. Meanwhile, the numerical prediction has a good agreement with the experimental results. The study is helpful for the optimal design and application of composite laminates, especially for the design of interlaminar toughness according to certain requirements. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1085–1092, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

层合板热膨胀系数优化设计的遗传算法实现

本文针对在复合材料设计领域中热膨胀系数的设计问题，用遗传算法对给定层数和铺层角度的层合板进行了铺层顺序的优化研究。使其满足特定的要求，通过计算看出，遗传算法可以快速得到结果，表明了遗传算法在复合材料设计领域可以作为一种有效的设计手段。所完成的优化软件具有一定的工程应用价值。     

用遗传算法实现特殊泊松比的层合板设计

本文针对在复合材料层合板设计中泊松比的设计问题,用遗传算法对给定层数的层合板进行了泊松比的优化研究,使其满足特定的要求.通过计算看出,与传统优化方法不同,遗传算法不需要特定的初始条件就可以快速得到结果,表明了遗传算法在复合材料设计领域可以作为一种有效的设计手段,所完成的优化软件具有一定的工程应用价值.     

基于疲劳损伤两段论的复合材料刚度降模型研究

本文在疲劳累积损伤模型和刚度降模型的基础上,根据疲劳损伤的两阶段理论,将复合材料的疲劳损伤划分为两个阶段,并用两种不同的函数分段描述疲劳损伤的过程,建立了疲劳损伤演化两阶段模型。利用试验数据,运用多元函数的最小二乘法,得到了模型中的各个参数的拟合值和层合板的S-N曲线。疲劳损伤演化两阶段模型计算数据与试验结果吻合较好。     

准静态压痕作用下复合材料层合板损伤阻抗与损伤容限实验研究

参照标准实验方法,开展了复合材料层合板对准静态压痕力的损伤阻抗和损伤容限实验研究,获取了接触力、压痕深度、压头位移等实验数据,并对含静压痕损伤层合板进行了剩余压缩强度试验。研究了压痕深度-接触力与剩余压缩强度-压痕深度的变化关系,并讨论了准静态压痕过程中的损伤演变过程和层合板的压缩破坏模式。结果表明:当层合板表面出现目视勉强可见压痕时,初始损伤发生,压痕深度随接触力增大而明显增大,同时剩余压缩强度随压痕深度增加而明显降低;当达到最大接触力时,层合板失去承载能力,背面可看到大量纤维断裂。对于含静压痕损伤的层合板,压缩破坏模式为贯穿损伤区域的层合板断裂。     

Energo-Mechanical Evaluation of Damage Growth and Fracture Initiation in Aviation Composite Structures

The aim of the present paper is to (1) highlight the results of laboratory damage detection and monitoring in the aviation composite materials, during a mechanical testing constituted of multiple loadings, and (2) obtain a detailed understanding of damage evolution of composite specimens with regard to impact energy. Woven 12-ply glass fiber and 16-ply carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy composites (GFRP 92 125/L285/287 and CFRP 98 131/L285/287) were used as less studied subjects in research. This study explored the resistance to cracking and delamination of glass and carbon fiber laminates with the same resin system under low-load conditions.     

冲击位置对挖补修理层合板冲击后压缩性能的影响

使用过程中的低速冲击损伤对修理后的复合材料结构同样会造成威胁.设计并进行了复合材料挖补修理结构的低速冲击及冲击后压缩试验,测量了试验件的损伤投影面积和剩余压缩强度,分析了不同冲击位置的影响.结果表明,挖补修理层合板冲击后压缩强度比未修补板的低,挖补层合板对低速冲击位置较为敏感.冲击点离开挖补区一定距离后,挖补对层合板的低速冲击及其继后压缩性能的影响消失.