无卤阻燃增韧增强PA66的研究进展

尼龙66作为重要的工程塑料,在汽车和电子等行业有着广泛的应用,开发无卤阻燃增强增韧技术是目前尼龙66改性领域的一个新热点。文章综述了近年来尼龙66改性及无卤阻燃的研究与进展,为研究无卤阻燃增强增韧的尼龙66提供一定的理论指导。     

阻燃增强增韧尼龙66的制备及工艺研究

以十溴二苯醚和氮磷复合物为阻燃剂,以玻璃纤维为增强剂,加入自制增韧剂,制备了阻燃增强增韧尼龙(PA)66材料,并对其阻燃性能和力学性能进行了表征,研究了加工工艺对改性PA66材料性能的影响。     

尼龙66改性方法

文章介绍了近几年来尼龙66的增韧、增强、耐磨、阻燃等共聚、共混两大类改性方法及其应用。     

增韧增强改性尼龙的研究及应用

综述聚烯烃弹性体、橡胶、苯乙烯系共聚物等增韧尼龙和玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维等增强尼龙及增韧增强相结合改性尼龙的研究进展。介绍了增韧增强尼龙的应用情况。     

生物基尼龙材料改性与应用进展

随着全球石油资源日益匮乏,来源于石油原料的尼龙材料受到严重制约,因此来源于可再生原料的生物基尼龙材料受到广泛关注。本文针对生物基尼龙11、尼龙1010、尼龙610、尼龙510、尼龙410等,从材料改性的角度出发,详细论述了近年来生物基尼龙材料以熔融共混方式在增强、增韧、阻燃、电性能和导热方面的研究与应用进展。文章指出在生物基尼龙改性方面以增强、增韧、阻燃改性研究为主,以尼龙11和尼龙1010为基体的研究最多,其中增强改性中多以木质纤维素、黏土等为增强填料,增韧改性中以马来酸酐改性聚烯烃增韧剂效果最好,阻燃改性中以含磷和三聚氰胺化合物的膨胀型阻燃剂为主。文章总结开发新型生物基尼龙单体、微观结构、共混界面和结晶是该领域未来值得研究的方向。     

LGF增强增韧PA66汽车专用料的制备及力学性能研究

采用熔融拉挤工艺技术制备了长玻璃纤维增强增韧尼龙(PA)66粒料.实验结果表明,长玻璃纤维增强增韧PA66具有拉伸强度大、弯曲强度大、冲击强度高、成型收缩率小等优异性能,其力学性能超过短玻璃纤维增强增韧PA66的性能,达到了汽车专用料标准要求.     

增韧剂对玻纤增强尼龙66力学性能的影响

将玻纤增强尼龙66(PA66)和增韧剂通过双螺杆熔融共混挤出,制备增强增韧尼龙66复合材料。研究了三种增韧剂的加入量对尼龙66/玻璃纤维复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度及弯曲强度等力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着玻璃纤维含量的增加,共混体系的拉伸强度有大幅度的提高;随着增韧剂加入量的增加,尼龙66/玻璃纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度降低,冲击强度提高。增韧剂CMG9802的增韧效果优于另外两个增韧剂。     

赤磷阻燃母料在再生尼龙中的应用

采用赤磷阻燃母料（RPM440H）作为无卤阻燃剂,对再生尼龙（PA66、PA6）进行了阻燃改性。采用双螺杆挤出加工工艺,通过添加不同组分阻燃剂制得了耐漏电阻燃增强尼龙复合材料;比较了再生尼龙品种、阻燃剂（RPM440H）用量、协同阻燃剂及玻璃纤维对材料的改性效果;确定了最佳工艺参数和配方。结果表明,赤磷阻燃母料（RPM440H）对各品种再生尼龙（PA66、PA6）的阻燃效果均较理想;采用本工艺制得的阻燃增强尼龙复合材料的电性能、阻燃性能、机械性能优异,完全能满足耐漏电低压电子、电器件的要求,已成功应用在正泰、德力西、人民电器等低压漏电保护器中。     

工程塑料尼龙66的增韧改性研究状况

总结了尼龙66强度和韧性的几个主要影响因素,并综述了尼龙66的几种改性技术方法,包括增容增韧、增强增韧、纳米填充超增韧等手段提高尼龙66的综合性能。     

反应性挤出尼龙66增强和增韧研究

运用反应挤出技术对尼龙66（PA66）进行增强增韧改性，采用双螺杆挤出机作为反应器，同时完成玻璃纤维增强和弹性体就地增容、增韧反应，简化了工艺，提高生产效率。通过力学性能测试及扫描电镜分析，结果表明在加工过程中PA66与弹性体发生了原位增容反应，生成了马来酸酐嵌段共聚物，增加了界面强度，改性后的PA66冲击强度提高，而且具有良好的挤出和注射成型加工性能。     

Investigation of the influence of red phosphorus,expansible graphite and zinc borate on flame retardancy and wear performance of glass fiber reinforced PA6 composites

The flame retarded materials were prepared which used wear‐resistant PA6 composite (PA6/GF/PTFE/UHMWPE/CG, 85/15/5/5/5 by weight) as matrix, red phosphorus (RP), expansible graphite (EG), and zinc borate (ZB) as fire retardant. The flame retarded properties were characterized by LOI and UL‐94 testing. PA6 composite with 15 wt% RP reached V0 rating and had a high LOI value (27.3 vol%). When a combination of 7 wt% ZB and 8 wt% RP was added, increases in LOI (27.9 vol%) and UL‐94 rating(V0) were both observed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and char residue characterization showed that the combination of RP and ZB can promote the formation of char barrier, reduce the mass loss rate, and thus improve the flame retardancy of PA6 composites. The wear test showed that, the composite filled by 15 wt% RP or a combination of 7 wt% ZB and 8 wt% RP both possessed a low wear rate and a much stable friction coefficient. The presence of EG could also improve the flame retardance but was harmful to the mechanical property as well as wear performance. The results indicated that ZB and RP had synergy effect on improving both flame retardance and wear performance of PA6 composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2090–2097, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

热塑性复合材料中的高分子吸附包覆现象

通过对三相复合材料PP/GF/PA66、PP/GF/PET、PP/GB/PA66、PP/GB/PET以及PP/PA66/PET的力学性能和微观形貌的比较分析,研究了三相复合材料的界面吸附现象。实验结果表明,高分子的极性在多相体系的界面形成过程起着非常重要的作用。在熔融加工时,极性高分子能优先吸附包覆在极性无机填料或极性高分子表面;三相体系中的极性优先吸附包覆作用改善了无机填料和高分子基体之间的界面结合,使材料的力学性能优于不存在优先吸附作用的三相体系的力学性能。此外,通过比较分析复合材料组分之间的界面张力,从界面能的角度解释了多相复合材料中的优先吸附包覆现象。     

增强耐磨改性尼龙6的研制

本文研究了PA6/PTFE/GF共混体系性能与组成比的关系.讨论了PTFE的品级,GF的种类及共混工艺对共混物性能的影响.通过用Cr及PTFE填充改性,使改性尼龙6的力学性能和耐磨性均得到有效的改善.该共混物材料的性能指标接近国外同类产品的水平.     

高含量玻璃纤维增强阻燃聚酰胺材料的制备与性能

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚酰胺6(PA6)/50%（质量分数,下同）玻璃纤维（GF）、PA66/50%GF、PA56/50%GF 3种高含量GF增强阻燃PA复合材料,对比研究了红磷、溴系、磷氮3种阻燃体系下复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能和激光打标性能。结果表明,不同阻燃体系对复合材料的力学性能有明显影响,吸水平衡后,PA66复合材料的力学性能保持率最高;PA56复合材料在3种阻燃体系中均表现出比PA6、PA66复合材料更好的阻燃性能;红外激光和紫外激光的打标效果存在明显不同,而在阻燃体系和激光光源相同的条件下,PA6、PA66和PA56 3种PA复合材料的激光打标效果没有明显差异。     

Mechanical and tribological properties of PA66/PPS blend. III. Reinforced with GF

Based on previous work, 70 vol % PA66/30 vol % PPS blend was selected as a matrix, and the PA66/PPS blend reinforced with different content of glass fiber (GF) was prepared in this study. The mechanical properties of PA66/PPS/GF composites were studied, and the tribological behaviors were tested on block‐on‐ring sliding wear tester. The results showed that 20–30 vol % GF greatly increases the mechanical properties of PA66/PPS blend. When GF content is 20 vol %, the friction coefficient of composite is the lowest (0.35), which is decreased by 47% in comparison with the unfilled blend. The wear volume of the GF‐reinforced PA66/PPS blend composite decreases with the increase of GF content. However, the wear‐resistance is not apparently improved by the addition of GF in the experimental range for comparison with unfilled PA66/PPS blend. The worn surface and the transfer film on the counterface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observations revealed that the friction coefficient of composite depends on the formation and development of a transfer film. The wear mechanism involves polymer matrix wear and fiber wear. The former consists of melting wear and plastic deformation of the matrix, while the latter includes fiber sliding wear, cracking, rupturing, and pulverizing. The contributions of the matrix wear and the fiber wear determine the ultimate wear volume of PA66/PPS/GF composite. In addition, the abrasive action caused by the ruptured glass fiber is also a very important factor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 523–529, 2006     

Preparation of microencapsulated red phosphorus through melamine cyanurate self‐assembly and its performance in flame retardant polyamide 6

A novel technology was developed to prepare microencapsulated red phosphorus (RP) with a coating of melamine cyanurate (MCA) serving as both a nitrogen‐containing flame retardant and as a solid lubrication agent. We took advantage of the self‐thickening effects during the MCA self‐assembly process to realize effective encapsulation on the surface of predispersed RP powder. The technology described in this article can overcome several drawbacks of current microencapsulation processes including (1) relatively complicated preparation processes, (2) use of formaldehyde or other noxious modifiers, and (3) poor compatibility with flame retardant fillers and polymer matrix resulting in poor physical properties. Additionally, this novel technology can also modify various properties of RP with regard to lubrication performance, ignition point, moisture absorption ratio, and color. As a composite system of flame retardant phosphorus encapsulated by a nitrogen‐containing flame retardant, the microencapsulated RP showed nitrogen‐phosphorus (N‐P) synergism with further improved flame retardancy. The action and mechanisms of the microencapsulated RP flame retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated by limiting oxygen index, vertical burning experiment (UL94), thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope observations. The results indicated that the flame retardant PA6 possessed desired flame retardancy because of effective char‐formation of the condensed phase and it also showed satisfactory mechanical properties as the result of the good compatibility between flame retardant and PA6 resin. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1548–1553, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚酰胺66改性玻璃纤维增强聚苯硫醚体系的摩擦学性能研究

研究了聚酰胺66(PA66)改性玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)（PPS/PA66/GF）复合体系的摩擦因数、磨损体积、磨损后表面的微观形貌及损耗因子峰值、储能模量对摩擦因数的影响。结果表明,PA66的加入显著改善了复合材料的摩擦学性能,当PA66含量为40 %（质量分数,下同）时,磨损最小,为5.24 mm3,相对于PPS+30 %GF(13.60 mm3)下降了61 %;扫描电镜分析磨损表面,随着PA66含量的增加,磨损机理由磨粒磨损转为粘着磨损;复合材料损耗因子峰值越大,摩擦因数越小;初始储能模量越大,摩擦因数越小。     

Study on char reinforcing of different inorganic fillers for expandable fire resistance silicone rubber

Sodium silicate monohydrate (NSH), glass frits (GF) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were incorporated into room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SR) as char reinforcing materials to improve the fire resistance of intumescent flame retardant silicone rubber. SR composites containing only intumescent flame retardant such as phosphorus nitrogen composite flame retardant (NH₂-C) and expandable graphite (EG) were used as comparison samples. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning test (UL-94), flame resistance test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy tests, as well as volume variation and compression strength of char residues were used to discuss the effects of the above-mentioned fillers on the fire resistance, char residue strength and char integrity of SR composites. The results showed that SR composite filled with only intumescent flame retardants EG and NH₂-C had excellent flame retardancy. After adding ATH, the char residue was relatively dense and had good compressive strength, but its thermal insulation performance was reduced. GF or NSH reduced the flame retardancy of SR composites, but it obviously played a role in binding combustion residues, forming new crystals and improving the stability of char residues.     

涂层磨损测试方法与环氧树脂耐蚀磨性能研究

研究了磨损测试方法和环氧树脂胶粘涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能。通过添加不同填料并与固化剂反应制得了不同环氧树脂试样。试验表明:在攻角(入射角)45°时冲蚀率最大,攻角60°时冲蚀率最小。而随冲蚀速度增加,冲蚀率显著增大。加入纳米蒙脱土填料的环氧胶粘涂料比普通复合材料具有良好的抗冲蚀磨损性能。     

Mechanical properties and processibilty of glass‐fiber‐, wollastonite‐, and fluoro‐rubber‐reinforced silicone rubber composites

The reinforcement of silicone rubber (SR) imparted by different types of fillers was investigated. Glass fiber (GF), wollastonite and fluoro rubber (FR) as nontraditional filler for rubber were compounded SR and mechanical properties of the prepared composites were evaluated. The addition of silane pretreated GF and wollastonite into SR, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and tear strength of the composites improved considerably. The improvement in the properties was assigned to an increased interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix. For the SR/FR composites system, the elongation at break was increase with increasing concentrations of FR due to sponge like structure resulting from poor compatibility between the two components. To investigate the production potential of extrusion processing method, prepared composites were extruded in a rod type sample. During the curing stage, GF, wollastonite and FR lead to the formation of void in the matrix resin. When GF and wollastonite were treated with silane, the void formations were reduced significantly. The silane treatment process improves not only mechanical strength but also processibility of SR composites in dry conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007