含损伤复合材料加筋板强度分析及修补研究

对含损伤复合材料加筋板进行了强度分析及修补研究。建立了复合材料层合加筋壁板的有限元分析模型,该模型采用界面单元以有效模拟筋条和壁板之间的连接界面及层板分层界面,连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads和Hashin失效准则作为失效判据,引入材料刚度退化模型,采用非线性有限元方法,研究了复合材料加筋壁板在压缩载荷下的破坏过程。建立了筋条脱粘面积、层板分层面积与结构承载能力之间的关系,对不同损伤加筋板进行了修补研究,研究结果可为合理制定复合材料构件缺陷验收标准和结构修理容限提供分析依据。     

含初始脱粘缺陷复合材料加筋壁板渐进压溃过程的数值模拟

建立了预测含初始脱粘缺陷复合材料加筋壁板渐进压溃响应的数值分析模型。该模型综合考虑了复合材料层合板的纤维失效、基体失效和纤维-基体剪切失效三种典型的面内损伤模式,并通过编写用户自定义材料子程序VUMAT实现面内失效类型的判断和相应材料性能的折减;在壁板和筋条连接界面应用虚裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)计算层间裂纹前缘的应变能释放率,并结合B-K混合模式准则控制缺陷的起裂以模拟脱粘的扩展演化过程;采用显式动力学方法准静态分析结构在压缩载荷下的屈曲、后屈曲直至最终压溃的响应过程。数值分析结果与文献试验、数值结果吻合良好,验证了模型的合理性和有效性,并详细研究了复合材料脱粘加筋壁板的损伤演化过程和渐进压溃行为。     

基于FBG传感技术的复合材料T型加筋板低速冲击在线监测研究

将布拉格光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,简称"FBG")埋植在复合材料加筋板结构三角填充区,在线监测复合材料加筋板冲击过程及压缩过程的应变信号。研究了冲击点位置、冲击能量对FBG传感器应变监测性能的影响,分析了FBG传感器对复合材料T型加筋板冲击及压缩过程监测的精确性。结果表明:在相同冲击能量条件下,随着冲击点位置与FBG传感器距离的增加,FBG传感器测得的复合材料T型加筋板应变值呈下降趋势;当复合材料T型加筋板出现较为明显的损伤时,FBG传感器未发生断裂失效。将FBG传感器埋植于加筋板的三角填充区内,在压缩过程中,FBG传感器反射波谱保持单个波峰且形状未发生变化,初步实现了对复合材料T型加筋板冲击及冲击后压缩过程应变信号的在线监测。     

复合材料机身加筋壁板选型研究

针对复合材料机身加筋壁板构型选择问题,通过初步选型、优化分析以及试验验证3种形式的结合研究,对复合材料机身加筋壁板提出了两点设计建议:(1)相同质量下,帽型长桁壁板的承载能力大于T型长桁的承载能力;(2)相同质量下,相同的帽型长桁加筋板,长桁间距200 mm的壁板承载能力大于长桁间距250 mm的壁板。     

复合材料帽形加筋板极限承载能力

本文研究了复合材料长加筋板在轴向压力作用下的纵向极限承载能力推导出复合材料梁柱的极限承载能力公式。并考虑了加筋板的初始几何缺陷,载荷偏心,蒙皮屈曲后的有效蒙皮宽度对复合材料长帽形加筋板的极限承载能力的影响。     

局部脱粘界面陶瓷复合材料的有效刚度

针对颗粒性陶瓷复合材料内存在局部脱粘界面的现象,通过考虑颗粒夹杂与局部脱粘界面的相互作用,利用四相模型法得到陶瓷颗粒与局部脱粘界面引起的等效本征应变,根据体积平均应变,考虑局部脱粘区域的随机方位得到每个局部脱粘界面引起的应变扰动,计算出局部脱粘界面复合材料的有效刚度.结果表明复合材料的有效刚度不仅与基体和颗粒夹杂的刚度、以及局部脱粘区域的体积分量有关,还与局部脱粘区域的弧心角及厚度相关,并且具有明显的尺度效应.陶瓷复合材料的弹性模量随颗粒直径的增加而减小,而泊松比随颗粒直径的增加而增大.     

考虑厚度方向压缩影响的复合材料加筋壁板筋条-蒙皮界面失效表征方法

筋条-蒙皮界面失效对复合材料加筋壁板在后屈曲阶段的承载能力具有重大影响。研究表明,厚度方向的压缩会对复合材料加筋壁板的筋条-蒙皮界面性能产生影响。在前人研究的基础上,本文以数学方法推导出一种考虑厚度方向影响筋条-蒙皮界面失效表征方程。建立单元表征试验的有限元模型,利用虚拟试验确定了各项待定系数,给出了失效包面。该方法可用于指导单元表征试验的实施。     

双曲率复合材料帽型加筋壁板自动化制造技术研究

具有大开口窗框、帽型长桁双扭曲爬坡结构特征的双曲率复合材料帽型加筋壁板是中后机身段曲率变化最大的部位。通过试验件制造开展了原材料智能仓储物流系统、自动铺丝和铺丝轨迹规划、自动铺带和热隔膜自动化成型帽型筋条、筋条定位、柔夹数控加工工艺性研究,文章验证了双曲率复合材料帽型加筋壁板的自动化制造技术的可行性。研究表明,双曲率复合材料帽型加筋壁板自动化制造技术能满足材料工艺要求和验收技术条件要求。     

粘聚区模型在复合材料层间失效分析中的研究现状

复合材料已被广泛应用于各个领域,分层破坏是复合材料主要的破坏形式之一。对复合材料分层失效分析中主要的方法粘聚区模型进行详细的阐述。首先介绍了粘聚区模型发展历史、界面强度参数和本构关系的研究现状并对存在的问题进行了分析,然后对该模型在复合材料层间失效分析应用现状进行了阐述,重点分析了该模型在有限元应用中存在的问题。研究表明,近年来,CZM已逐步成为复合材料分层失效研究的主要方法,但在应用中需要解决强度参数确定准确性、计算收敛困难和计算效率不高等问题。     

复合材料帽型加筋层合板典型板元的等效刚度计算

基于经典层合板理论和刚度等效原理,推导了复合材料帽型加筋层合板典型板元的等效面内刚度和等效弯曲刚度的理论解,通过具体算例,将多种工况下典型板元的受力响应和Abaqus有限元计算结果进行比较,结果显示理论解和有限元计算结果吻合较好,说明理论计算方法是准确可靠的。本文的研究成果可应用于复合材料加筋层合板和单板骨架式复合材料船体结构的刚度计算。     

Mixed-mode failure of interfaces studied by the 2D linear elastic–brittle interface model: Macro- and micro-mechanical finite-element applications in composites

Macro-scale delamination and micro-scale fiber–matrix debonding events may notably affect the mechanical performance of fibrous composite elements. This article presents a two-dimensional finite-element (FE)-based formulation of interface of a small but finite thickness relying on the so-called linear elastic-brittle interface model (LEBIM) to be applied for simulation of an adhesive interface debonding and fiber–matrix decohesion failures. This modeling strategy is implemented in the commercial FE package ABAQUS by means of the user-defined subroutine UMAT. The practicability of the developed interface model is assessed through the comparison of the computational results with experimental data and with previous boundary element method (BEM) analyses using the LEBIM formulation. Specifically, LEBIM results for the interlaminar fracture toughness test showed an excellent agreement with experimental results (adhesive saw-tooth post-peak response was captured). Besides, studies of several micro-mechanical fiber–matrix configurations showed that fiber–matrix debonding events are the predominant failure mechanisms for moderate transverse loading values. The developed tool will certainly contribute to elucidate several open aspects regarding the interface crack behavior in fiber-reinforced composite materials.     

Low energy impact on the interface of bamboo-steel composites

The bamboo-steel composite structure is a newly developed structure, combining Phyllostachys Pubescens (also called Moso bamboo) plywood and cold-formed thin-walled steel with structural adhesive. The aim of this study is to investigate the debonding propagation mechanism in detail at the bamboo-steel adhesive bonding interface (bamboo-steel interface) under low-energy impact using a progressive failure model. A three-dimensional cohesive zone model with reloading traction-separation law was adapted to simulate and characterize the progressive adhesive debonding at the bamboo-steel interface. Results show that the model can predict the failure behavior of the bamboo-steel interface under low-energy impact. The stress distribution and debonding propagation of the bamboo-steel interface were analyzed. The results reveal that the debonding is mostly due to the shear stress and the tensile peeling stress at the impact loading stage and the unloading stage, respectively. Furthermore, analyses of the impact failure show that the shear stress at the impact loading stage is generated by the tangential sliding between the steel sheet and bamboo plywood due to different flexural stiffness, while the tensile peeling stress at the unloading stage is due to the normal separation owing to different rebounding of the two different materials.     

基于十字交叉法的陶瓷胶粘剂剪切蠕变性能研究

本研究设计了“十字交叉法”陶瓷胶粘剂剪切蠕变试验装置,选取刚性环氧树脂及柔性硅酮结构胶进行剪切蠕变试验,研究了环境温度、剪切应力、粘结面积等因素对胶粘剂剪切蠕变的影响,通过模型拟合对胶粘剂的剪切蠕变行为进行了分析和预测,探究了两种胶粘剂的蠕变破坏模式。结果表明:采用十字交叉法能够准确便捷地测试陶瓷胶粘剂的蠕变性能。增大胶粘层柔性、提高环境温度、增大剪切应力都会加速蠕变的发展,但粘结面积对蠕变速率无明显影响。刚性环氧树脂胶粘剂试样的蠕变失效形式为粘结层内聚破坏及界面脱粘,符合时间硬化模型;柔性硅酮结构胶试样失效形式为粘结层内聚破坏,符合Burgers模型。     

Progressive failure of bamboo-steel adhesive bonding interface subjected low-energy impact and tension in sequence

Bamboo–steel composite structure is a newly developed structure, composed of bamboo plywood and cold-formed thin-walled steel bonded by structural adhesive. This paper configured a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model to characterize the progressive failure of bamboo–steel adhesive bonding interface subjected low-energy impact and tension in sequence. A 3D cohesive zone model (CZM) with reloading trapezoid softening law was adopted to characterize the debonding behavior of the bamboo–steel interface. Investigations on the debonding damage propagation of the bamboo–steel interface subjected low-energy impact and tension after impact were completed, and the influence factors of the residual tensile strength were studied.     

An analytical model for interfacial stresses in double-lap bonded joints

Due to their many advantages, adhesively bonded joints are widely used to join components in composite structures. However, premature failure due to debonding and peeling of the joint is the major concern for this technique. Existing analytical models suffer from two major drawbacks: 1) not satisfying zero-shear stress boundary conditions at the adhesive layer’s free edges^[1] and 2) failure to distinguish the peel stress along two adherend/adhesive interfaces^[2]. In this study, we develop a novel three parameter elastic foundation (3PEF) model to analyze a representative adhesively bonded joint, the symmetric double-lap joint, which is believed to have relatively low peel stresses. Explicit closed-form expressions of shear and peel stresses along two adhesive/adherend interfaces are yielded. This new model overcomes the existing model’s major drawbacks by satisfying all boundary conditions and predicting various peeling stresses along two adherend/adhesive interfaces. It not only reaches excellent agreement with existing solutions and numerical results based on finite element analysis but also correctly predicts the failure mode of an experimentally tested double-lap joint. This new model therefore reveals the peel stresses’ significant role in the failure of the double-lap joint, but the classical 2PEF model cannot create it.     

Failure behaviour of the single lap joints of angle-plied composites under three point bending tests

Abstract

In this paper, the response of adhesively-bonded single lap joints (SLJs) with angle-plied composite adherends subjected to flexural loading was investigated. The experiments were carried out for the adherends, glass reinforced polymer matrix, with three kinds of stacking sequence. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed using ABAQUS/Explicit. The three dimensional Hashin failure criterion with an appropriate damage evolution law was used to characterize the damage inside a ply. Cohesive zone elements were used to model the damage in the adhesive layer (AF163-2K) and the interply failure, that is, the delamination. The developed numerical model was verified with the performed experiments. The SLJs of [±20]_5s and [±45]_5s failed due to failure in the adhesive layer and the delamination between the plies, whereas that of [±10]_5s failed mainly due to the former failure. The intralaminar damage was not noticed for any case. The influence of the fiber angle of plies in the adherends, adherend thickness, overlap length, and the thickness of adhesive layer on the damage in the adhesive layer and the delamination were investigated in terms of the competition between these two failures and activation of different failure modes in each thoroughly.     

An improved four-parameter model on stress analysis of adhesive layer in plated beam

The prediction of stresses in an adhesive layer is helpful in revealing the mechanism of debonding failure in plated beams. This study proposes an improved analytical model for the stress analysis of an adhesive layer in a plated beam. The beam and the soffit plate are individually modelled as a single Timoshenko sub-beam with separate rotations, while the adhesive layer is modelled as a two-dimensional elastic continuum in plane stress, which considers different adherend-adhesive interface stresses. The internal forces of the adhesive layer are assumed to satisfy the Timoshenko beam theory, and the shear deformation and bending moment of the adhesive layer can be considered. The internal forces and displacements of the adhesive layer are fully considered in the displacement compatibility equations, and deformable interfaces are assembled so that the effect of interface stresses on local deformation is captured. Based on equilibrium equations and displacement continuity, the governing differential equations of beam forces are derived, and then the analytical solutions of interface stresses and stresses along the thickness of the adhesive layer are obtained. Comparisons of the results of the finite-element analysis and the existing four-parameter model solutions show that the present model is reasonable. The influence of adhesive thickness on stress distributions in adhesive layers is also investigated.     

Numerical analysis of adhesively bonded T-joints with structural sandwiches and study of design parameters

Adhesively bonded T-joints are extensively used in assembling sandwich structures. The advantage of adhesive bonded joints over bolted or riveted joints is that the use of fastener holes in mechanical joints inherently results in micro and local damages to the composite laminate during their fabrication. One type of adhesive joint in such structures is the T-joint between sandwich panels. The aim of this research paper is to study, by numerical analysis, the effect of fillet geometry and core material of sandwich panels on the performance of T-joints. The base angle of the core triangle (fillet) is the most important geometry parameter of the triangular T-joint. Nine geometrical models with different base angles of the core triangle are made to investigate the effect of the base angle on the performance of the T-joints. It should be mentioned that the base angle in the triangular foam is changed, so that the final volume of the filler is kept constant in all the cases. Different foams with different stiffness are used to model the core of the panels to study the effect of the core material of sandwich panels. To model the adhesive between joint components, contact elements and cohesive zone material models are used. Therefore, failure of adhesive and separation of joint elements can be modeled. Damage and core shear failure of the base panel are modeled by using a written macro-code in the ANSYS finite element method (FEM) program. The ultimate strength of the joint in each case is calculated by modeling adhesive failure and core shear failure of the sandwich panels. Finally, the results of FEM are validated by experimental results available in the literature. In general, the failure load predicted by the FEM is within 5% of the experimental results. The best angle of the core triangle was found to be 45°. Also, the results showed that by changing the core material of the sandwich panel, the joint failure load is also changed.     

The role of patch hybridization on tensile response of cracked panel repaired with hybrid composite patch: experimental and numerical investigation

ABSTRACT

This article presents a distinct perspective of structural repair by bonding the hybrid composite patch. A novel hybrid composite patch is prepared from the carbon and glass fibers to repair the cracked panel. Different volume fractions of constituents are maintained to prepare the composite patch with varying stiffness. The elastic constant of the composite patch is derived by applying the rule of hybrid mixture and modified Halpin Tsai equation. The stress intensity factor in the panel and interfacial stresses in the adhesive layer are evaluated to assess repair efficiency and repair durability. Effects of the elastic modulus of the adhesive on the performance of composite patch repair are demonstrated. The load carrying capacity and failure strength are examined for variation in patch stiffness. The disbonded surface morphology is investigated through scanning electron microscopy after failure. The results reveal that the hybrid composite patch provided sufficient reinforcement to reduce the stress intensity and interfacial stresses. Patch hybridization has offered a pragmatic solution and proposed as an alternative patch material to repair the cracked structure.