Hygienic support of parameters of the technological process of producing new canned children's and dietetic food]

Some technological methods employed in the production of new canned foods prepared with chicken meat and intended for 5-7 month old infants were investigated. Biological experiments established the limits for the thermal optimum of sterilization within the range of 125-130 degrees for the new canned goods of the type "Kroshka". Furthermore, the most marked loss of the proteinic value of the canned goods with the use of modified starches--the jellyfying potato and the corn phosphatethan by employing native starches as a structural stabilizer, was ascertained. The need for hygienic evaluation of the technological methods in developing new baby and dietic foods is stressed.     

困扰中国罐头发展的三大难题——访中国罐头工业协会梁仲康理事长

<正> 山雨欲来风满楼。这是记者近日采访中国罐头工业协会梁仲康理事长之后,对目前我国罐头工业发展态势的感受。 尽管是创汇大户,但一个缺少龙头企业,基本上没有品牌,只靠定向加工卖原料的行业,如何面对21世纪经济全球化的国际、国内两个市场?外企进入国内罐头市场是大势所趋,中国罐头难道不正面临着“既走不出国门,又丢失国内市场”的危机?靠别人吃饭,不行。靠别人吃饭,还自得其乐,更是糊涂观念。百分之二十的年增长速度确实娇人,但这     

为肉类罐装食品挑件好"外衣"

<正>肉类罐头是以畜禽为原料,调制后装入罐装容器或软包装,经排气、密封、杀菌、冷却等工艺加工而成的耐贮藏食品。在肉制罐头食品市场上,常见的包装形式主要有金属罐包装、玻璃罐包装、塑料复合罐包装、蒸煮袋包装(又称为软罐头)。目前,玻璃罐包装肉制品的包装形式正在逐渐减少,而主要用于水果罐头、酱菜等的包装;金属罐包装仍占有很重要的地位,在市场中较为常见。     

标准化生产是罐头食品的唯一出路——访中国罐头工业协会顾问杨邦英

<正> 经常食用罐头安全吗?罐头食品中加防腐剂了吗?中国罐头工业协会顾问、高级工程师杨邦英先生对此指出:“在国际上,罐头食品一直被认为是一种很卫生、很营养、很方便的食品,因为罐头食品内国际卫生法规不允许、也没有必要添加任何防腐剂。封口和杀菌足以达到商业无菌,保证了罐头的质量,罐头企业要想在市场上咸鱼翻身,则必须全面达到标准化。”     

卖价走低我国罐头行业的顽症

<正>"我们还不是十分成熟的协会,不是好协会,与真正的协会相比较,仍有较大的差距"。中国罐头工业协会梁仲康理事长在中国罐头工业2004青岛会议上,首先把自己摆进去,再以这样的忧患意识,深刻地剖析我国罐头工业的现状。     

LEVELS OF LEAD, CADMIUM, AND ZINC IN SELECTED CANNED FOODS (1980/1981)

This paper reports the levels of Pb, Cd, and Zn found in 39 individual canned foods and in samples of ground beef and sugar collected throughout the United States in fiscal years (FYs) 1980 and 1981. The foods were collected in conjunction with the Total Diet Studies program of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but were analyzed separately from the Total Diet samples at the FDA Kansas City District Laboratory. Before analysis, multiple-can samples of each product type were individually composited and thoroughly homogenized with dilute nitric acid to ensure representative subsamples for analysis. Homogenized subsamples were dry-ashed with sulfuric acid as the ashing aid and analyzed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for Pb and Cd and by atomic absorption spectroscopy for Zn. Quantitation limits were 0.02 ppm Pb, 0.002 ppm Cd, and 0.1 ppm Zn. The overall mean levels of Pb, Cd, and Zn found in the 19 canned foods that contained sufficient samples for statistical analysis were 0.19 and 0.22 ppm Pb, 0.011 and 0.008 ppm Cd, and 4.3 and 5.0 ppm Zn in FY-80 and FY-81, respectively. These levels are about one-half as high as the levels found for Pb and Cd in an FDA FY-74 survey but are about the same for Zn. The frequency and magnitude of occasionally high levels of Pb in individual samples were considerably diminished in FY-80 and FY-81, compared to those in FY-74. These lower levels are probably due to improvements in canning technology, in quality control by food processors, and in the methods used for analysis. Over the next 3 years the FDA will continue this survey of individual canned foods, focusing on adult canned foods commonly eated by children, to monitor the progress of industry in reducing Pb levels in canned foods.     

7114罐型芦笋罐头杀菌规程的制定—以P.A.3679为对象菌

<正> P.A.3679是国际上通用的低酸性食品罐头标准菌。关于P.A.3679菌的生理生化和种族特性,该菌芽孢在0.025M磷酸盐缓冲液、芦笋罐头汤汁以及我国民族产品——马蹄罐头汤汁中的耐热性数据见《食品与发酵工业》1986年第1期。 如上文所述,作者用TDT试管法测得P.A.3679菌芽孢在芦笋罐头汤汁中的TDT=5.52,D_r=0.88,Z=12.5℃。为验证上述实验结果,并在实际生产中求得保证杀灭肉毒杆     

Bisphenol A in domestic and imported canned foods in Japan

Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations were surveyed in 100 domestic and 60 imported canned foods purchased from the Japanese market in 2011–12. BPA was extracted from the canned foods, derivatised by ethylation and analysed using GC-MS. In the domestic canned foods, the maximum and average BPA concentrations were 30 and 3.4 ng g^?1, respectively, while in the imported canned foods they were 390 and 57 ng g^?1, respectively. The BPA level in the domestic canned foods was significantly lower than that in the imported canned foods. Based on these results, the intakes of BPA from the domestic and imported canned foods in Japan were estimated as 644 ng person^?1 day^?1. The Japanese BPA intake was the second lowest following New Zealand, although imported canned foods increased. It was sufficiently lower than the tolerable daily intake of EFSA and the USEPA. The drastic reduction of BPA in the domestic canned foods should be due to the ‘BPA reduced cans’ that Japanese can manufacturers had developed in the late 1990s and became widely used in Japan.     

Tin and Iron Content of Canned and Bottled Foods

The tin and iron content of 14 different types of canned foods and of 5 different types of bottled foods were determined. No tin was detected in most bottled foods, but tin was detected in all canned foods. Storage of foods on the shelf for 4 months or in open cans in the refrigerator for 1 wk resulted in increased amounts of tin and iron in some of the canned foods. Those foods which were packed in totally lacquered cans accumulated little tin or iron during storage; those foods which were packed in unlacquered or partially lacquered cans generally accumulated significant amounts of iron and tin during storage. The tin content of the canned foods was not statistically correlated to the pH of the foods.     

Furan and Methylfurans in Foods: An Update on Occurrence,Mitigation, and Risk Assessment

The acceptance of many foods is related to traditional cooking practices, which create taste and texture and are important to digestibility, preservation, and the reduction of foodborne illnesses. A wide range of compounds are formed during the cooking of foods, a number of these have been shown to lead to adverse effects in classical toxicological models and are known as food processing contaminants (FPC). It is essential that the presence and effects of such compounds alone and in combination within the diet are understood such that proportionate risk management measures can be developed, while taking a holistic view across the whole value chain. Furan and alkylfurans (principally 2‐ and 3‐methylfuran) are highly volatile FPC, which are formed in a wide range of foods at low amounts. The focus of research to‐date has been on those foods, which have been identified to be most consequential in terms of being sources of exposure, namely jarred and canned foods for infants and young children (meals and drinks) and coffee (roast and ground, soluble). This report presents (i) new industry data on the occurrence of furan and methylfurans in selected food categories following previous coffee studies, (ii) the most salient parameters that impact furan formation, and (iii) aspects of importance for the risk assessment.     

Survey of bisphenol A and bisphenol F in canned foods.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) have been determined in a range of canned foods. Sixty-two different canned foods were purchased from retail outlets in the UK from January to November 2000 and the contents extracted and analysed by GC-MS for BPA and BPF isomers. The following canned products were analysed: fish in aqueous media, 10 samples; vegetables, 10; beverages, 11; soup, 10; desserts, five; fruit, two; infant formula, four; pasta, five; and meat products, five. BPF isomers were not detected in any of the canned foods with detection limits of 0.005 mg kg(-1) for the 2,2' and 2,4' isomers and 0.01 mg kg(-1) for the 4,4' isomer. BPA was detected in 38 samples with a detection limit of 0.002 mg kg(-1). Of these, BPA was quantified in 37 canned foods at levels from 0.007 mg kg(-1), with one sample of meat containing a mean level of 0.38 mg kg(-1). All other samples contained <0.07 mg kg(-1) BPA.     

软罐头食品的杀菌

必须采用正确的杀菌方式,杀灭软罐头中的微生物,保证产品的贮藏安全和产品质量.探讨了软罐头食品中的微生物及其对微生物的控制、杀菌工艺条件的确定方法等问题.     

Estimates of per capita exposure to substances migrating from canned foods and beverages.

A study was undertaken by European industry to estimate the consumption of canned beverages and foodstuffs. European can production data were used with adjustments for imports into and out of the EU. It was further assumed that can production, with adjustments, equalled consumption. Owing to the lack of actual consumption country-by-country or household-by-household data throughout Europe, only per capita estimates of consumption were possible. Data were compiled country-by-country for seven major can-producing EU Member States and for eight different types of canned food and two types of canned beverage (beer and soft drinks). The per capita consumption of canned foods was 1.1 cans/person/week, and consumption of canned fish was estimated as 2.2 kg/person/year. The estimate of per capita consumption of canned food was 62 g/person/day or 22.6 kg/person/year. Canned beverages account for about 60% of the consumption of canned foodstuffs. The usefulness of per capita consumption of beverages is questionable because consumption habits may vary more widely than those for canned foods. However, as the migration into beverages is insignificant, these data were added for completeness. Per capita consumption of canned beverages is 67 cans/person/year or 61 g/person/day. From the average can sizes, the surface area of the cans consumed was estimated. The per capita surface area exposure was 0.55 dm(2)/person/day for canned foods and 0.55 dm(2)/person/day for canned beverages, giving 1.1 dm(2)/person/day. Migration of a substance at 0.02 mg dm(2) gives an exposure of 0.01 mg/person/day assuming a per capita consumption, using a surface area model. Migration at 0.12 mg kg(-1) in food gives an exposure of 0.007 mg/person/day using a weight model. Both models assumed migration into all food types at the same level, which is highly unrealistic. Exposure to BADGE from canned foods has been used as a case study. The best estimate for a worst case per capita exposure to BADGE and relevant derivatives was between 6 and 10 micro g/person/day, depending upon the approach and assumptions used.     

红树莓海藻酸钙凝胶硬化工艺优化及其罐头品质分析

以红树莓为主要原料,通过响应面分析法建立海藻酸钙凝胶硬化红树莓果粒工艺模型,确定最佳工艺条件为海藻酸钠1.24%、抽空时间Ⅰ 41 min、氯化钙0.32%、抽空时间Ⅱ 31 min,此条件下红树莓果粒硬度为451.18 g,感官分数为90.23分。红树莓、蓝莓和草莓罐头品质比较分析表明:各罐头V_C含量由高至低依次为草莓、红树莓、蓝莓罐头,差异显著(p<0.05);红树莓和蓝莓罐头总酚含量差异不显著(p>0.05),但显著高于草莓罐头(p<0.05);红树莓罐头V_C和总酚保留率高于其它罐头;红树莓罐头还原糖、总酸和可溶性固形物含量均显著低于其它罐头(p<0.05)。经硬化的红树莓罐头更有效地保留了其营养成分。     

Survey of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in canned foods.

2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) ether (BADGE) is used in the manufacture of lacquers for coating the inside of food and beverage cans. In June 1996 the EC Scientific Committee for Food temporarily increased the specific migration limit applying to BADGE to 1 mg/kg pending consideration of additional toxicological data. In order to find out if there is migration of BADGE from can coatings into foods, a 'worst case' sampling exercise has been conducted to survey those canned foods where the propensity for migration of BADGE was judged to be highest. The foods surveyed include canned fish in oil, meat and milk and, altogether, BADGE was determined in 181 retail samples. Analysis for BADGE was conducted, in duplicate, by HPLC with fluorescence detection with confirmation of BADGE identity by GC/MS analysis using selected ion monitoring. BADGE was found at levels exceeding 1 mg/kg in seven of the 15 canned anchovy samples and five of the 22 sardine samples purchased during the period September 1995-July 1996. Infrared analysis of the can coatings provided strong evidence that the higher BADGE levels found were associated with use of PVC organosol lacquers, although in some cases cans coated with organosols gave low BADGE results. For canned sardine samples found to contain greater than 0.5 mg/kg BADGE in the total contents, a replicate can was opened and separate analyses performed on the drained fish and the oil. The results clearly showed that BADGE concentrations in the oil were about 20 times higher than in the drained fish. Further samples of canned sardines and anchovies were purchased in June/July 1997 and, in all cases, BADGE levels were found to be below 1 mg/kg. In the other retail canned foods, BADGE was not detectable (DL = 0.02 mg/kg) or detected at concentrations well below the temporary SML of 1 mg/kg.     

Concentrations of bisphenol A in the composite food samples from the 2008 Canadian total diet study in Quebec City and dietary intake estimates

A total of 154 food composite samples from the 2008 total diet study in Quebec City were analysed for bisphenol A (BPA), and BPA was detected in less than half (36%, or 55 samples) of the samples tested. High concentrations of BPA were found mostly in the composite samples containing canned foods, with the highest BPA level being observed in canned fish (106 ng g(-1)), followed by canned corn (83.7 ng g(-1)), canned soups (22.2-44.4 ng g(-1)), canned baked beans (23.5 ng g(-1)), canned peas (16.8 ng g(-1)), canned evaporated milk (15.3 ng g(-1)), and canned luncheon meats (10.5 ng g(-1)). BPA levels in baby food composite samples were low, with 2.75 ng g(-1) in canned liquid infant formula, and 0.84-2.46 ng g(-1) in jarred baby foods. BPA was also detected in some foods that are not canned or in jars, such as yeast (8.52 ng g(-1)), baking powder (0.64 ng g(-1)), some cheeses (0.68-2.24 ng g(-1)), breads and some cereals (0.40-1.73 ng g(-1)), and fast foods (1.1-10.9 ng g(-1)). Dietary intakes of BPA were low for all age-sex groups, with 0.17-0.33 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for infants, 0.082-0.23 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for children aged from 1 to 19 years, and 0.052-0.081 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for adults, well below the established regulatory limits. BPA intakes from 19 of the 55 samples account for more than 95% of the total dietary intakes, and most of the 19 samples were either canned or in jars. Intakes of BPA from non-canned foods are low.     

Analysis of furan in heat-processed foods consumed in Korea using solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS)

Furan (C₄H₄O) is a volatile compound formed during the Maillard reaction and was recently classified as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. It has been reported to occur in various canned and jarred foods that undergo heat treatment. The aim of the present study was to optimise the sample preparation for furan analysis using solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS), according to the food matrix. We also performed the monitoring and risk assessment of furan in various food products. The optimised fibre exposure temperatures, time and amount of sample of liquid, semi solid and paste state foods were 5 g (ml), 50 °C, and 20 min, respectively. The level of furan in canned meat (32.16 ng/g) was the highest among the samples studied. The furan levels in canned fish, canned vegetable, nutritional/diet drinks, canned soups and jarred sauces were 29.40, 22.86, 7.28, 18.54 and 21.52 ng/g, respectively. Furan concentrations in baby food products were between 3.43 and 97.21 ng/g. Exposure estimates (14.59 ng/kg bw/day) of baby foods was the highest among all the tested food samples. However, the exposure estimate of baby foods was lower than that prescribed by the US FDA.     

Spoilage of canned milk products by flavobacteria

Summary. It is recognized that, arising from their clump-forming characteristics, the flavobacteria are resistant to the disinfectants commonly used in canneries; these organisms are, therefore, frequently found as contaminants in cooling water and on wet post-process can handling equipment. Hitherto, there has been no suggestion of flavobacteria being involved in the spoilage of canned foods, and laboratory studies confirmed their inability to develop in canned vegetables.
It has now been demonstrated that there is a spoilage hazard from the flavobacteria for at least some varieties of milk-based canned products. A somewhat prolonged delay occurs between infection and the manifestation of spoilage, and contaminated packs do not become blown.     

Bisphenol A (BPA) in U.S. food

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used for lining metal cans and in polycarbonate plastics, such as baby bottles. In rodents, BPA is associated with early sexual maturation, altered behavior, and effects on prostate and mammary glands. In humans, BPA is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and male sexual dysfunction in exposed workers. Food is a major exposure source. We know of no studies reporting BPA in U.S. fresh food, canned food, and food in plastic packaging in peer reviewed journals. We measured BPA levels in 105 fresh and canned foods, foods sold in plastic packaging, and in cat and dog foods in cans and plastic packaging. We detected BPA in 63 of 105 samples, including fresh turkey, canned green beans, and canned infant formula. Ninety-three of these samples were triplicates which had similar detected levels. Detected levels ranged from 0.23 to 65.0 ng/g ww and were not associated with type of food or packaging but did vary with pH. BPA levels were higher for foods of pH 5 compared to more acidic and alkaline foods. Detected levels were comparable to those found by others. Further research is indicated to determine BPA levels in U.S. food in larger, representative sampling.     

Intake of bisphenol A from canned beverages and foods on the Belgian market

Bisphenol A (BPA), a contaminant which may be present in the coating of cans, was determined in 45 canned beverages and 21 canned food items from the Belgian market. Beverages had an average BPA concentration of 1.0 ng/ml, while canned foods had a higher average concentration of 40.3 ng/g. The amount of BPA present in food items was dependent on the type of can and sterilisation conditions rather than the type of food. For example, BPA was not detected in non-canned beverages (<0.02 ng/ml), while non-canned food items had a very low average concentration of 0.46 ng/g. Using detailed information from the Belgian food consumption survey, the BPA intake of adults through canned foods and beverages was estimated to be 1.05 µg/day or 0.015 µg/kg body weight/day (assuming an average adult weight of 70 kg). Intake assessments, based on urinary metabolite concentrations from the literature, resulted in slightly higher BPA intakes (range 0.028–0.059 µg/kg body weight/day). This suggests that sources other than canned foods and beverages contribute to BPA exposure in humans.