刨花板之① 刨花板生产的发展历程及趋势

介绍刨花板问世100多年以来,各个阶段刨花板的质量、种类与刨花板生产设备、刨花板技术发展的关系。简介我国刨花板生产的进展。     

各类刨花板在定制家居中的应用

对比分析普通刨花板、定向刨花板、细表面定向刨花板和轻质高强刨花板产品的特点及其在定制家居中的应用情况。普通刨花板仍是定制家居产品制造中最主要的刨花板类型。随着市场消费需求的变化以及生产技术的提升,轻质高强刨花板在定制家居产品中的应用将更为广泛。     

刨花板的主要装饰方法

刨花板二次加工的目的在于增进刨花板的表面美观、改善刨花板的外观质量、表面理化性能及板材的物理力学性能,是扩大刨花板使用范围及提高经济效益的主要措施。刨花板二次加工包括刨花板的表面装饰加工和功能性处理(防火处理、防腐处理、强化等),刨花板的表面装饰是利用贴面、涂饰或机械加工的方法给刨花板或刨花板制品部件进行表面加工的一种工艺,其实质就是给刨花板表面穿上各式各样的“外衣”。     

刨花板生产的发展历程及趋势

介绍刨花板问世100多年以来，各个阶段刨花板的质量、种类与刨花板生产设备、刨花板技术发展的关系。简介我国刨花板生产的进展。     

高强度刨花板的生产工艺和性能特点简析

通过与普通家具型刨花板、可饰面定向刨花板进行比较,阐述了高强度刨花板的生产工艺和性能特点,并简要介绍了高强度刨花板的产业现状及应用趋势。     

刨花板干燥尾气除尘循环水处理系统研究

基于刨花板干燥尾气除尘循环水中污染物成分复杂、浓度高等特点,研发了刨花板干燥尾气除尘循环水处理系统。该系统可有效去除刨花板中污染物,消除对环境的二次污染,有助于推动刨花板行业的清洁生产,为刨花板生产中的循环水处理提供了一个可持续解决方案。     

酸性催化剂对刨花板苯酚液化残渣率的影响

为探讨酸性催化剂对刨花板-苯酚液化的影响,采用硼酸晶体、浓盐酸(37%)、磷酸(85%)和浓硫酸(98%)4种无机酸在不同温度条件下对刨花板(回收废弃刨花板和实验室自制刨花板)进行液化实验.结果表明:浓硫酸(98%)作为催化剂,对刨花板苯酚液化效果较好.在温度150℃、液化时间1.5h、液体比(苯酚/刨花板)为4、催化剂含量为6%的条件下,采用浓硫酸作为催化刺,可使回收废弃刨花板和实验室自制刨花板液化后的残渣率分别降至12.29%和9.95%.     

基于改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的刨花板性能研究

研究了改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的流变特性及基于改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的刨花板力学性能。结果表明。NaOH、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）及脲改性,均使大豆蛋白胶粘剂的黏度增大,NaOH和SDS的改性效果优于脲。相比于未改性的大豆蛋白胶粘剂刨花板,NaOH和SDS的改性明显提高了刨花板的静曲强度、弹性模量及抗拉强度,所制刨花板已达到美国标准ANSIA208,1中M—S级刨花板性能指标的要求。选用粒度范围为2-5mm的中刨花时,刨花板的力学性能最好,当刨花粒度过小（0-2mm）或过大（5-8mm）时,刨花板的力学性能指标均减小。基于NaOH改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的木刨花板力学性能优于竹刨花板及稻秸刨花板。     

全球视野下的中国定向刨花板发展策略浅议

回顾了世界定向刨花板产业的发展历程,揭示了定向刨花板产业发展经历的3个历史阶段,总结了国外定向刨花板对中国定向刨花板产业萌芽、发展及崛起所产生的促进作用,展望了中国定向刨花板产业的发展前景,期待其为世界定向刨花板产业发展做出更大贡献。     

利用废弃刨花板制造再生刨花板的工艺研究

以废弃刨花板再生刨花为原料,用正交试验法压制再生刨花板,研究再生刨花的使用比例、施胶量、热压时间对再生刨花板静曲强度和内结合强度的影响,并提出了生产再生刨花板的最佳热压工艺。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.