宜宾多粮浓香型白酒糟生物炭的成分和结构特征分析

以四川宜宾多粮浓香型白酒糟为原料制备生物炭,利用元素组成分析、X-射线衍射和红外光谱对白酒糟生物炭的成分和结构特征进行研究,探讨热解温度对白酒糟生物炭的产率、外观、元素组成、物相和表面基团的影响。结果表明,白酒糟生物炭主要以非晶态碳形式存在,并含有少量石英相。白酒糟加热裂解制备生物炭是一个芳香性增强和极性减弱的过程,生物炭的产率随热解温度的升高而降低,热解温度以400～450 ℃为宜。     

桂附汤对慢性不可预见性温和应激小鼠抑郁样行为及海马脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

目的 研究桂附汤对慢性不可预见性温和应激（chronic unpredictive mild stress,CUMS）小鼠抑郁模型的干预作用。 方法 利用CUMS法诱导C57BL/6小鼠抑郁模型,通过蔗糖偏好实验、旷场实验、悬尾实验观察桂附汤对小鼠抑郁样行为的影响,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测小鼠海马组织脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）mRNA 表达,免疫组化法（immunohistochemistry,IHC）检测小鼠海马区BDNF蛋白定位表达,苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察海马组织形态学的变化。 结果 与对照组相比,模型组体质量下降,肾上腺指数升高,糖水偏好度显著降低,旷场实验总静止时间显著升高、进入中央区域次数显著降低,BDNF蛋白表达和mRNA水平显著降低;与模型组相比,桂附汤干预组肾上腺指数显著降低,糖水偏好度显著增加,旷场实验总静止时间显著降低、进入中央区域的次数显著增加,悬尾实验静止时间显著降低,海马BDNF mRNA及蛋白表达都显著增加,海马组织病理损伤明显改善。结论 桂附汤可改善CUMS诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为,上调BDNF表达,保护海马神经元的结构和功能。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定精炼植物油中的4种3-氯-1,2-丙二醇双酯

为准确、快速测定油脂中3-氯丙醇双酯,建立了一种基于液相色谱串联质谱技术测定精炼植物油中4种3-氯-1,2-丙二醇双酯[3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯(3-MCPD-PP)、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇二油酸酯(3-MCPD-OO)、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇硬脂酸二酯(3-MCPD-SS)、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇-1-棕榈酸-2-亚油酸二酯(3-MCPD-PL)]的方法。待测油样加入氘代同位素内标后经NH2固相萃取柱、固相分散萃取净化包(PSA 500 mg, C18 500 mg)联合净化后,过0.22μm有机膜,取2μL样品溶液注入液质联用仪中进行测定。经Accucore VDX色谱柱分离,ESI源离子化,SRM模式,并采用同位素内标法对3-氯-1,2-丙二醇双酯进行定性定量分析。结果表明:4种3-氯-1,2-丙二醇双酯在1~1 000μg/L范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,检出限均为0.010 mg/kg,在精炼植物油中的回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3-MCPD-PP 62.3%~94.0%和5.43%~11.67%,3-MCPD-OO 60.1%~91.7%和3.28%~13.54%,3-MCPD-SS 61.6%~92.1%和4.73%~10.46%,3-MCPD-PL 62.3%~92.2%和2.69%~11.37%。该方法简便、高效,可用于精炼植物油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇双酯的检测。     

Fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of wet corn distillers grains with solubles ensiled in combination with whole plant corn

BACKGROUND: Wet corn distillers grains with solubles (WDG) are prone to aerobic spoilage when stored for an extended period of time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of ensiling WDG with whole plant corn (WPC) using the following combinations: (1) 100% WPC; (2) 75% WPC + 25% WDG; (3) 50% WPC + 50% WDG; and (4) 100% WDG. RESULTS: The initial pH was greatest for 100% WPC and lowest for 100% WDG (5.7, 4.6, 4.0, and 3.1, respectively). Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (12.0, 26.8, 40.7, and 50.8 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM)) and Crude protein (CP) (98.7, 155.8, 206.8, and 307.9 g kg^?1 of DM) increased with increasing concentrations of WDG. Lactic acid concentration prior to ensiling was greatest for 100% WDG (9.0 g kg^?1 DM) and decreased with WPC in the silage. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were not present prior to ensiling. The pH of the ensiled feeds dropped below 4.0 by day 3, with no further decrease over time. Acetic acid increased from undetected amounts at day 0 to 38.8, 43.9, 43.2, and 2.2 g kg^?1 of DM at day 129 as concentration of WDG increased. Aerobic stability was enhanced with increasing WDG concentration in the silage. CONCLUSION: Fermentation, nutrient profile, and aerobic stability can be improved when ensiling wet distillers grains with whole plant corn. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

全谷物在疾病调控中的作用和分子机制研究进展

全谷物食品的摄入对人体益处颇丰,诸多有益效果主要归因于全谷物食品中的各种功能性物质。全谷物摄入后,经胃肠消化及肠道微生物菌群发酵等作用,促使谷物中的有效成分转化为对人体健康具有调节作用的重要代谢物,对人体某些疾病产生有益的调控作用。诸多研究表明,糖尿病、肥胖症、炎症性肠病及肠道癌变等多种疾病的发生与饮食和肠道微生物菌群有关。虽然上述病症与全谷物及肠道微生物菌群之间的关系尚未研究透彻,但近年来肠道微生物菌群与全谷物食品之间的互作及对相关调控基因表达的影响研究越来越深入,且越来越多的研究成果证实了全谷物在调节人体疾病方面的作用。本文主要综述了全谷物在调控上述疾病中的作用和分子机制相关研究成果,为日后全谷物食品的深入研究及相关应用提供生物学理论依据及参考。     

Body composition and serum and liver lipids in rats fed distillers' dried grains

This study examined the body composition and serum and liver lipids in weanling rats fed diets containing distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from either white wheat (WW), red wheat (RW), corn (CO) or WW fortified with essential amino acids (FWW) as a sole protein source (1.6 % N in the diet). Although the DDGS-fed groups had significantly lower body weights compared with the casein control (RC) after a 28-day feeding trial, there were no significant differences among the dietary groups in percentages of body water, protein, lipid or ash. Serum cholesterol was significantly higher in rats fed the RW diet, and serum triglyceride was higher in the RC and FWW groups compared with the other dietary groups. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (mg g^?1 liver) were not significantly different among the five dietary groups.     

纸张涂料全剪切速率流变性能分析及其在涂布纸生产中的应用

对纸张涂料的全剪切速率流变性能进行了分析,并结合生产实践经验,利用全剪切速率范围内的涂料流变性能分析解决并预测涂布纸生产中出现的一些问题,为改善涂布运转性及涂布纸质量,提高纸厂经济效益提供借鉴。     

Provitamin‐A and xanthophyll carotenoids in vegetables and food grains of nutritional and medicinal importance

This study reports carotenoid composition of vegetables (n = 56), cereals (n = 12), pulses and legumes (n = 12), analysed by HPLC. It was hypothesised that food grains, like vegetables may be good sources of carotenoids. Amongst vegetables, higher level (mg/100 g dry weight) of lutein (210–419) was detected in green/red/capsicum and yellow zucchini, whilst zeaxanthin was dominant in kenaf (4.59). β‐Carotene (mg/100 g dry weight) was higher in green capsicum and kenaf (48,159) whilst carrot, ivy gourd and green capsicum contain α‐carotene (22–110). Amongst food grains, chickpea, split red gram and flaxseed contain higher levels (μg/100 g dry weight) of lutein (185–200) whilst zeaxanthin level was highest in puffed chickpea (1.8). Red unpolished parboiled rice was richest (μg/100 g dry weight) in β‐carotene (67.6) whilst whole black gram contained higher levels of α‐carotene (52.7). Thus, results indicate that chickpea and red unpolished parboiled rice are good sources of carotenoids. These carotenoid‐rich vegetables and grains may be exploited to meet the lutein and β‐carotene requirement.     

A review on the mechanical performance and fatigue behavior of 3-D angle-interlock woven composites

The 3-D textile structural composites (3DTSC) have attracted the special attention because of their excellent structural stability, higher fracture tolerance, and delamination resistance capability owing to the existence of fibers along the thickness direction. As one type of the 3DTSC, the 3-D angle-interlock woven composite (3DAWC) has attracted increasing attention in structural engineering applications owing to its special mechanical performance. In this review, the research progress on the mechanical performance of the 3DAWC undergoing the tension, compression, and impact loading conditions has been summarized. Furthermore, the research development on the fatigue behavior of the 2-D textile structural composites and the 3DTSC, as well as the comparisons of the fatigue-resistance performance between the different types of textile structural composites have been introduced. In addition, the progress, key issues, and future trend on the fatigue damage behavior of the 3DAWC are also given in this review.     

Reciprocal combinations of barley and corn grains in oil-supplemented diets: Feeding behavior and milk yield of lactating cows

The effect of barley-based (BBD) or corn-based diets (CBD), or their equal blend (BCBD) on dry matter (DM) intake, feeding and chewing behavior, and production performance of lactating dairy cows was evaluated. Nine multiparous Holstein cows (75.6 ± 11.0 d in milk) were used in a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Forage-to-concentrate ratio (40:60), forage neutral detergent fiber (20% of DM), total neutral detergent fiber (>29% of DM), and geometric mean particle size (4.3 mm) were similar among treatments. Meal patterns, including meal size and intermeal interval, were not affected by the dietary treatments and DM intake (25.6 kg/d) was not different among treatments. Ether extract intake increased linearly with increasing amount of the corn grain in the diets. Due to similar feed intake, actual milk (48.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected milk (36.8 kg/d), and fat- and protein-corrected milk (38.1 kg/d) yields were not affected by treatments. Average milk protein percentage and yield were 2.83% and 1.37 kg/d, respectively, and were not different across treatments. Milk fat percentage increased linearly with increasing amount of corn grain in the diets and was greater in CBD relative to BCBD but not BBD (2.31, 2.28, and 2.57%, for BBD, BCBD, and CBD, respectively). However, milk fat yield tended to show a linear increase as the amount of corn grain included in the diets increased. Results indicated that changing diet fermentability by replacing barley grain for corn grain in oil-supplemented diets did not influence feeding patterns and thereby no changes in feed intake and milk yield occurred.     

Short-term responses in production and behavior during periods of change in concentrate allowance for dairy cows

The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term responses of dairy cows during periods of change in the concentrate allowance in an automatic milking system. The experiment had a design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including 2 types of concentrates and 2 amounts of concentrates (type O: mix of pelleted concentrate and steamrolled, acidified barley; type S: pelleted) in amounts of 3 and 6 kg/d. The experiment length was 11 wk. The concentrate type changed between wk 6 and 7 and included both increase and decrease in concentrate allowance for each concentrate type. The concentrate allowance was changed by 0.5 kg/d over 6 d. The 96 cows (48 Danish Jersey, 48 Danish Holstein) included in the experiment were blocked according to breed, parity, and days in milk, and randomly divided into 8 groups of treatment order. The cows visited the automatic milking unit more often when concentrate type O was offered, but not when an increased concentrate allowance was provided. The changes in concentrate intake and partial mixed ration (PMR) eating time showed a symmetrical pattern between the periods of increasing allowance and decreasing allowance. However, PMR intake and milk yield varied in the magnitude of the responses, indicating that these responses may not be driven by the same underlying mechanisms during increase and decrease in concentrate allowance. The daily lying time increased and the PMR eating rate decreased during periods of both increase and decrease in concentrate allowance. We found no significant change in milk yield during increase in concentrate allowance, despite a higher milk yield during periods with constant concentrate allowance at the high concentrate amount; however, the milk yield decreased during periods of decrease in concentrate allowance. Visit frequency, lying time, and steps changed during periods of changes in concentrate allowance without showing any differences at the constant concentrate allowance. In conclusion, these results indicate that it may be difficult to adjust the individual concentrate allowance based on the short-term responses of the cow.     

Production of α‐amylase by Aspergillus oryzae As 3951 in solid state fermentation using spent brewing grains as substrate

BACKGROUND: The optimisation of nutrient levels for the production of α‐amylase by Aspergillus oryzae As 3951 in solid state fermentation (SSF) with spent brewing grains (SBG), an inexpensive substrate and solid support, was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and Box–Behnken design (BBD). RESULTS: In the first optimisation step a PBD was used to evaluate the influences of related factors. Corn steep liquor, CaCl₂ and MgSO₄ were found to be the most compatible supplements to the substrate of SBG and influenced α‐amylase activity positively. In the second step the concentrations of these three nutrients were optimised using a BBD. The final concentrations (g/g dry substrate basis) in the medium optimised with RSM were 1.8% corn steep liquor, 0.22% CaCl₂ and 0.2% MgSO₄ · 7H₂O using SBG as the solid substrate. The average α‐amylase activity reached 6186 U g^?1 dry substrate under the optimised conditions at 30 °C after 96 h. Under the optimised conditions of SSF an approximately 17.5% increase in enzyme yield was observed. CONCLUSION: SBG was found to be a good substrate for the production of α‐amylase by A. oryzae As 3951 under SSF. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

新冠疫情下医护人员饮食行为与体质量变化的关系研究

目的 探索新冠疫情下医护人员饮食行为与体质量变化的关系,为改善医护人员营养健康提供科学依据。方法 本研究于2022年5～7月,随机选取我国东北地区12所新冠定点医院1 487名医护人员进行问卷调查,剔除无效问卷后,最终获得有效问卷1 352份。采用自编一般情况调查表、饮食行为指标、情绪化进食量表收集数据,采用方差分析、线性回归模型等统计方法进行数据分析。结果 新冠定点医院的医护工作者中,保持体质量（±3%）者485人,占比35.9%,体质量降低超过5%、体质量降低3%～5%、体质量增加3%～5%、体质量增加超过5%者分别占总人数的8.2%(111/1 352)、22.7%(307/1 352)、23.6%(319/1 352)和9.6%(130/1 352)。方差分析结果显示,医护人员饮食不规律、营养不均衡、高油饮食、高盐饮食、高糖饮食、饮料摄入、情绪化饮食等情况在不同体质量变化组间的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但饮酒行为在体质量变化五组间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素线性回归结果显示,饮食不规律、高糖饮食、饮料摄入、情绪化进食及月收入等是体质量变化的...     

三维四向和五向编织复合材料冲击断裂行为的多尺度模拟

为对三维编织复合材料的结构特性进行模拟预测分析,采用一种多尺度和细观结构结合的方法,建立三维编织复合材料的等效拼接组合模型,进一步揭示编织复合材料在微观结构水平下的冲击损伤演化、裂纹扩展和能量吸收。设计制备三维四向和三维五向2种编织结构的碳/环氧树脂三维编织复合材料,根据编织参数建立等效拼接组合模型;通过落锤式冲击试验仪结合高速摄影系统记录2种编织复合材料在低速冲击下的断裂行为,与等效拼接组合模型在有限元数值模拟结果相对比,验证等效拼接组合模型的有效性。模拟结果表明,相同的体积分数下轴纱表现出最高的能量吸收,由于轴纱的存在,三维五向编织复合材料的抗裂性和裂纹扩展性优于三维四向编织复合材料。     

非接触三维人体测量技术在服装工业中的应用

介绍了国际上常用的非接触三维扫描仪及非接触三维人体测量技术在服装工业中的应用。     

Identification and kinetic analysis of a functional homolog of elongation factor 3, YEF3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast and other fungi contain a soluble elongation factor 3 (EF-3) which is required for growth and protein synthesis. EF-3 contains two ABC cassettes, and binds and hydrolyses ATP. We identified a homolog of the YEF3 gene in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome database. This gene, designated YEF3B, is 84% identical in protein sequence to YEF3, which we will now refer to as YEF3A. YEF3B is not expressed during growth under laboratory conditions, and thus cannot rescue growth of YEF3A deletion strains. However, YEF3B can take the place of YEF3A in vivo when expressed from the YEF3A or ADH1 promoters. The products of the YEF3A and YEF3B genes, EF-3A and EF-3B, respectively, were expressed from the ADH1 promoter and purified. Both factors possessed basal and ribosomal-stimulated ATPase activity, and had similar affinity for yeast ribosomes (103 to 113 nm). K_m values for ATP were similar, but the K_cat values differed significantly. Ribosome-dependent ATPase activity of EF-3A was more efficient than EF-3B, since the K_cat and K_cat/K_m values for EF-3A were about two-fold higher; however, the difference in K_cat/K_m values between the two factors was small for basal ATPase activity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Whole grains and resistant starch rich,reduced‐calorie biscuit diet as a hypoglycaemic,hypolipidaemic and insulin stimulator in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

A fibre‐enriched, reduced‐calorie biscuit [formulated biscuit (FB)] was evaluated for its antidiabetic and antilipidaemic potential in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in Wistar rats against control biscuit (CB) having high calorie and low fibre content. Animals were allocated into five groups: a control group fed with synthetic diet, two diabetes‐induced groups (CBD and FBD) and two nondiabetic groups (CBND and FBND). CBD and CBND were fed with synthetic diet + CB while FBD and FBND were fed with synthetic diet + FB. After 6 weeks of feeding, the change in weight of nondiabetic group fed with FB (+16.20%) was nonsignificantly lower compared to control (+33.01%) and CB‐fed (+34.55%) group. Nonsignificant loss in body weight was observed among diabetic group fed with FB (?11.76%) or CB (?36.88%). Feeding of FB led to a significant decrease in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C and atherosclerotic index and increase the HDL‐C. Histological examination showed that feeding of FB was able to partially recover the destroyed β‐cell in STZ‐induced diabetic rats.