影响生产率的要素--室内环境品质

指出了影响室内人员生产率的各个因素,着重从室内空气品质、通风率、相对湿度、温度的角度分析了其中环境因素的作用,解决了室内环境因素的概念。认为改善室内环境品质可以提高生产率和健康水平,但亦可能有消极的作用。     

在钢筋混凝土建筑中营造木质环境空间

在提高人类居住环境的舒适性方面,木造住宅、木质材料装修的居室以及木质家具对我们人类有独到的重要性.因此,木屋是理想的高尚住宅.由于我国土地和森林资源的匮乏,使得我们大面积建造木结构的房屋似乎不太可能,而木质环境的可居住性的诸多优点又促使我们思考如何在鳞次栉比的钢筋混凝土的建筑中去营造木质环境空间.本文对木材的特性和木质环境空间的可居住性进行了详细的论述,并以实际设计案例分析在钢筋混凝土建筑中营造木质环境空间的主要设计理念与手法.     

地下空间病态建筑综合症调查及其诊治

介绍了一个芬兰地下空间病态建筑综合症调查实例,分析了地下空间的热环境特点和影响其空气品质的主要因素,提出了改善地下空间空气品质的方法。     

Health Hazards in the Use of Buildings

The paper addresses the question of what is a 'healthy'building, and whether the definition normally expressed in terms of occupant well-being has changed over a period of time. This definition is considered in relation to the relevant physical correlates, and suggested that they support the idea of the light, airy building. Air quality is then investigated to see how it can be, and perhaps more importantly how it is, incorporated into current solutions. Two design approaches are suggested from which a decision can be made as to use and profit from the shape of buildings; these are climatically rejecting and climatically interactive, and the use of either can result in solutions of differing orders of technical complexity. Finally it is suggested that some of these orders of complexity of solution are more difficult to operate healthily than others, and indications are given of possible ways ahead.     

室内空气品质及相关研究

介绍室内空气品质的国内外有关研究成果,包括IAQ问题引起关注的缘由,IAQ的影响因素、评价方法及改善IAQ的相关措施。     

国外非工业建筑室内空气品质研究动态

以１９７年健康建筑和室内空气品质国际会议文献为基础,概略介绍了国际上的有关研究近况,涉及病态建筑综合症和室内空气污染问题以及减少污染的办法和手段,阐述了作者对我国室内空气品质问题的看法。     

Pet keeping and dampness in the dwelling: associations with airway infections, symptoms, and physiological signs from the ocular and nasal mucosa

The aim was to utilize data from a study of occupational indoor environments to analyze symptoms and physiological signs in relation to the home environment. A medical investigation was performed at the workplace among university staff (n = 173) from four university buildings in Bergen, in March 2004. Tear film break up time (BUT) was measured by two methods. Nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry. Nasal lavage fluid analysis (NAL) included eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP); myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin. Atopy was assessed by total serum IgE and specific IgE (Phadiatop). Totally 21%, 21%, 18%, 11%, and 27% had weekly ocular, nasal, facial dermal symptoms, headache and tiredness, respectively, 15% had a damp dwelling, and 20% had a cat or dog. Multiple linear or logistic regressions were applied, controlling for age gender, smoking, and environmental factors. Building dampness was associated with increased NAL-lysozyme (P = 0.02) and an increase of airway infections [odd ratio (OR) = 3.14, P = 0.04]. Pet keeping was associated with difficulties to concentrate (OR = 5.10, P = 0.001), heavy headedness (OR = 4.35, P = 0.004), four more days with tiredness per month (P = 0.04), and less airway infections (OR = 0.32; P = 0.02). In conclusion, pet keeping was associated with more central nervous system (CNS)-symptoms but less airway infections. Dampness in the dwelling may have inflammatory effects on the airway mucosa, possibly mediated via increased infection proneness. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The main health focus on pet keeping has been allergen exposure. Our study indicates that effects on airway infections and other types of symptoms should also be considered. The findings support the view that measures should be taken to reduce building dampness in dwellings.     

A window of one’s own: a public office post-occupancy evaluation

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of mechanical climatization in office buildings, alongside the dictate to conserve energy, has misguidedly promoted the construction of buildings with non-operable windows. Research shows that such buildings are detrimental to their occupants’ wellbeing and productivity, sometimes causing them to feel overcooled or overheated. This post-occupancy evaluation illustrates such problems through the case study of a courthouse building in a hot arid environment. A strong association is shown between occupant satisfaction, building ventilation and sense of wellbeing at work. A positive correlation was found between satisfaction with personal control, and overall satisfaction survey results show that workers express a willingness to compromise future salary rises in order to receive operable windows. Key lessons for architects are discussed.     

空调系统在病态建筑中的特征分析

提出了健康建筑和病态建筑的定义,分析了建筑设计、建筑物的运行管理、通风、尘菌过滤、管道维护等因素对室内空气品质以至对病态建筑形成的影响,讨论了空调系统在病态建筑中,包括室内环境参数、新风量、空调系统调节与管理等方面的特征表现。认为病态建筑在我国必然存在,强调应根据我国具体情况加强有关研究工作。     

Multivariate evaluation of VOCs in buildings where people with non-specific building-related symptoms perceive health problems and in buildings where they do not

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled in buildings where people with non-specific building-related symptoms perceive health problems and in buildings where they do not. In total, nine persons and 34 buildings were included in the study. The obtained VOC data was evaluated using multivariate methods, to investigate possible systematic differences in air quality of 'problem' and 'non-problem' buildings. All individual compounds were included as variables in a multivariate partial least squares (PLS) data analysis. 'Problem' and 'non-problem' buildings separated into two distinct groups, showing that air samples of the two groups of building were chemically different. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study showed that there was an identifiable systematic difference in the collected VOC data between buildings causing and not causing problems for people with non-specific building-related symptoms (also called sick building syndrome, SBS). This is an important indication that even such volatile organic compounds that can be sampled by commonly used adsorbents are of importance for the presence of such symptoms. By coordination of procedures for sampling and analysis of VOCs in buildings between laboratories, to get large datasets and more general models, the method can become a useful diagnostic measure in evaluating indoor air and to identify chemical compounds and sources that contribute to SBS problems.     

室内空气品质的影响因素分析

参照美国ASHRAE标准62—1999,对影响室内空气品质的因素进行了分析,如室内的污染源、受污染的室外空气、不足的新风量、气流组织的不当、空调系统运行管理维护的不当等等,对这些影响因素的深入分析是避免病态建筑、实现健康建筑的基础。     

Assessment of gaseous emissions and radiative forcing in Indian forest fires

This paper reports a study of the gaseous emissions from Indian forest fires from 2005 to 2016 and their potential impact on radiative forcing. Initially, forest burned area is quantified using MODIS-MCD45A1 data. Results showed that annual burned area of the study period ranges from 8439 km² to 25,442 km² and the maximum forest area is burned during February, March, and April in any year. Gaseous emissions are estimated using emission factors, the mass of fuel available for combustion, combustion factor, and burned area. CO₂, CO, and CH₄ are the major emissions during forest fires with an annual average of 105 × 10⁶ tonnes, 6 × 10⁶ tonnes, and 3.25 × 10⁵ tonnes, respectively. The average radiative forcing (RF) for CO₂, CH_4, and N₂O is estimated as 1.8 Wm^?2, 0.49 Wm^?2, and 0.177 Wm^?2, respectively. An important finding in the present study is the recurrence of forest fires during the pre-monsoon season.     

我国建筑材料燃烧性能分级方法的进展

本文简要介绍了我国建筑材料燃烧性能分级方法的最新进展,包括新旧分级方法的不同和相关政策,以及新分级方法采用的试验方法和检测设备。