共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Neutral thermal sensation is expected for a human body in heat balance in near‐steady‐state thermal environments. The physiological thermoneutral zone (TNZ) is defined as the range of operative temperatures where the body can maintain such heat balance by actively adjusting body tissue insulation, but without regulatory increases in metabolic rate or sweating. These basic principles led to the hypothesis that thermal sensation relates to the operative temperature distance from the thermoneutral centroid (dTNZop). This hypothesis was confirmed by data from respiratory climate chamber experiments. This paper explores the potential of such biophysical model for the prediction of thermal sensation under increased contextual variance. Data (798 votes, 47 participants) from a controlled office environment were used to analyze the predictive performance of the dTNZop model. The results showed a similar relationship between dTNZop and thermal sensation between the dataset used here and the previously used dataset. The predictive performance had the same magnitude as that of the PMV model; however, potential benefits of using a biophysical model are discussed. In conclusion, these findings confirm the potential of the biophysical model with regard to the understanding and prediction of human thermal sensation. Further work remains to make benefit of its full potential. 相似文献
2.
长沙地区公共建筑热湿现状与热舒适性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对长沙地区夏季和冬季办公楼、博物馆、火车站候车室、酒店、商场和医院等公共建筑室内环境热湿参数进行实测以及对人员热感觉进行问卷调查,分析了不同公共建筑内的热湿现状和人体热舒适性。对现场测试结果进行分析可知,夏季火车站室内平均空气温度高达29.8℃,而博物馆内只有22.7℃;冬季大部分公共建筑(除酒店外)室内平均空气温度低于18.0℃。问卷调查统计结果表明夏季博物馆内人们热感觉偏冷、火车站候车室内热感觉偏热;而冬季博物馆、火车站候车室和商场内人们热感觉均偏冷。此外,各公共建筑内夏季实测平均热感觉投票值TSV低于理论PMV,而冬季高于理论PMV。进一步的人体热舒适性分析得到夏季和冬季公共建筑内实测热中性温度分别为27.4℃和15.7℃,而根据PMV获得的理论热中性温度分别为26.6℃和19.8℃,实测值与理论值的差别说明在该地区公共建筑内,人们的耐热和耐冷能力都有所增强。夏季和冬季公共建筑内能被80%的人们所接受的热舒适温度范围分别为25.5～29.4℃和13.5～19.6℃。本文分析得到的热中性温度和热舒适温度范围可为夏热冬冷地区公共建筑暖通空调系统的节能设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
3.
现场研究中热舒适指标的选取问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对热舒适现场研究结果进行了总结,并对热舒适指标的选取、有效温度的计算、热感觉的表述方式等问题进行了讨论分析。认为当相对湿度在热舒适范围内时,采用有效温度作为热舒适指标并采用平均热感觉值,能更好地预测人体热感觉。 相似文献
4.
Runa Tabea Hellwig 《Building Research & Information》2015,43(3):302-315
Building automation systems provide the potential to optimize the energy consumption of buildings as well as to detect failures in the operation of buildings. The system comprising building form–HVAC–building automation–user is becoming more complex. Providing the occupants with control over the indoor environment is widely accepted for its positive effect on their satisfaction. This paper explores what the term ‘perceived control’ means conceptually and draws implications for its application to the design and management of buildings. Personality- and environmental-psychology emphasize the importance of personal control to humans. The adaptive model of thermal comfort, findings from post-occupancy evaluations and surveys in real buildings also indicate the importance of high levels of perceived control. These models and findings exist in parallel and have not yet been interconnected and translated into models for the built environment. A new conceptual approach to explain perceived control is proposed. Satisfaction with the indoor environment occurs not only when ‘comfort’ is provided but also immediately after a successful control action, even if homeostasis has not yet been achieved (pleasure). Giving control to occupants can result in higher levels of satisfaction. 相似文献
5.
The medical surgical mask (MSM) has been the essential protective equipment in people's daily work. The experimental purpose is to explore the effects of wearing MSM on human thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and breathing comfort in office buildings in summer. A total of 30 healthy college students were recruited for the testing. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber, which can simulate the office buildings in summer. The experiment collects the subjects’ skin temperature, microclimate in the mask, and subjective votes, including thermal sensory votes (TSV), thermal comfort votes (TCV), and respiratory comfort votes (BCV). Experimental results show that wearing MSM has no significant effect on the skin temperature of the human body. The microclimate temperature inside the MSM reaches over 34℃, and the relative humidity reaches over 70%. The high-temperature and high-humidity microclimate put human beings in an uneven thermal environment, which leads to poor human tolerance to the thermal environment and becomes the main reason for destroying human thermal comfort. Wearing MSM has a significant impact on the subjective thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and breathing comfort of the human body, and the impact becomes more significant as the environmental temperature increases. Once the mask is taken off, the human body will enter an extremely comfortable environment, resulting in an excessively high vote value. The difference in voting values before and after removing the mask becomes larger with the environmental temperature. By fitting the voting results and perform data processing, it can be found that wearing MSM will reduce the neutral temperature by 1.5°C, and the environmental temperature with the optimal thermal comfort by 1.4°C, and as the temperature increases, the respiratory discomfort will become more and more intense. Regardless of whether wearing a MSM, the subjects preferred a slight warmer environment. In conclusion, with the increase of ambient temperature, wearing MSM can cause the human worse tolerance to the thermal environment, and this disturbance will become more and more intense. 相似文献
6.
7.
为研究上海地区人体热感觉和适应性热舒适现状,通过环境参数测量和问卷调查结合的方式来分析和探讨室内外气候条件、服装热阻、热感觉等关系。本文主要涉及自然通风建筑内人体热感觉和热中性温度随季节变化的关系。结果表明:在适应性热舒适研究中,人体中性温度与室外环境温度具有较强的相关性,得到的上海地区适应性热舒适模型可为适合我国自身特点的热舒适研究提供依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
In this study, we examined the cognitive performance of subtropically acclimatized subjects at an extreme high indoor temperature and the effect of decreased humidity on the cognitive performance at the high temperature. Forty-eight healthy subjects experienced the three exposure conditions: 26°C/relative humidity (RH) 70%, 39°C/RH50%, and 39°C/RH70% in a climate chamber. During 140-minute-long exposures to each thermal condition, they were required to perform cognitive tests that assess the perception, spatial orientation, concentration, memory, and thinking abilities. Meanwhile, their heart rate, core temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure, and body weight were measured and subjective responses, that is, thermal comfort, perceived air quality, and acute health symptoms were investigated. At the relative humidity of 70%, increasing indoor temperature from 26°C to 39°C caused a significant decrease in the accuracy of these cognitive tests. However, when the relative humidity decreased from 70% to 50% at 39°C, the accuracy of the cognitive tests increased significantly. Accordingly, the physiological and subjective responses of the subjects changed significantly with the changes in indoor temperature and humidity, which provided a basis to the variation in the cognitive performance. These results indicated that decreasing indoor humidity at extreme high temperature could improve the impaired cognitive performance. 相似文献
10.
对影响人体热舒适度的室内物理参数及瞬态热的影响关系进行了详细分析，并对不同行为方式下人体主观因素进行了阐述，指出设计人员在设计时应考虑诸多因素，不同的行为方式采取不同的设计，以使人体达到热平衡的理想状态。 相似文献
11.
为了编制“中国民用建筑室内热湿环境评价标准”,需要得到夏热冬冷地区建筑室内非采暖空调环境下的可接受温度范围.以重庆地区为代表,于2007- 2009年期间,针对办公建筑和居住建筑进行了为期2年的热环境逐月现场测试和问卷调查.在了解该地区非采暖空调室内外热环境现状的基础上,进行了室内热环境满意度的主观评价以及热适应性的分... 相似文献
12.
寒冷地区中小型高铁站候车厅夏季热舒适性及节能潜力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取寒冷地区中小型高铁站,采用问卷调查与物理测试结合的方法,研究寒冷地区高铁站候车厅中旅客的热舒适度,得出旅客的中性温度与舒适温度阈值,并进而代入能耗模拟,探究热舒适与建筑能耗耦合作用下的高铁站房夏季节能潜力。研究结果表明,对于夏季高铁站候车厅,旅客中性温度为25.92℃,热舒适区间为22.03~28.43℃。通过中性温度及热舒适区间设置优化,其能降低约5%~11%的制冷能耗;而舒适区间范围内的能耗波动幅度为92 107 k W·h,约占制冷能耗的24.32%,节能效果可观。 相似文献
13.
骑楼作为岭南地区具有代表性的近代民居形式之一,在当地的社会生活中发挥着重要的作用.本文以海口骑楼民居作为研究对象,在夏季典型性气候条件下对该建筑进行了温湿度、风速、太阳辐射强度、平均辐射温度等热环境参数的测试.测试结果表明,传统骑楼2层部分的热舒适性较差、骑楼内部的整体通风状况也不是太好.这与当地强烈的太阳辐射与错综复杂的建筑布局有一定的关系.经过分析可知通过减小骑楼2层空间的进深、加设通风井、增强外围护结构(尤其是屋顶)的隔热性能可有效改善骑楼室内环境的热舒适性.这对于减少夏季空调开启时间、减少空调能耗将起到积极的作用. 相似文献
14.
由触觉引起的热感觉和热舒适已经有相当系统和完善的研究,然而在由光环境引起的热感觉和热舒适的研究中却存在着诸多矛盾.矛盾主要集中在色温对热感觉及热舒适的影响程度上.当比较20世纪90年代以前的论文结论和20世纪90年代以后的论文结论时,这种矛盾尤为明显.致力于找到这种矛盾的诱因,并为此类研究推荐了合适的实验控制参数组合.通过分析生理学和心理学的研究结论,总结出光环境通过两种不同途径对体温调节、热感觉、热舒适的影响和基于各个途径的限制条件.总结此类研究中应该着重控制的实验参数.通过对此类研究的实验方法的分析,得到此类论文产生矛盾的根本原因,并由此给出可以产生可信研究结论的实验控制参数组合. 相似文献
15.
空调房间冬季室内致适参数的分析与研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
从人体热舒适感觉和室内空气品质方面分析了空调房间室内舒适性的影响因素,根据测试结果给出了致适范围,提出了工程应用中的注意的问题。 相似文献
16.
选择长沙、广州、沈阳和西安4个不同气候区公共建筑作为研究对象,于2008年过渡季节通过采用现场建筑内热湿参数实测和室内人员问卷调查相结合的方式对公共建筑热环境现状进行了研究。实测结果得到过渡季节我国不同气候区公共建筑室内空气温度、空气相对湿度、空气流速、操作温度和服装热阻的分布特征,而问卷调查分析则表明,过渡季节各地区公共建筑内绝大部分人员热感觉投票值TSV都在-1~+1之间,热感觉比较合适,但各地区公共建筑内都还有约30%的人感觉稍不舒适,热感觉与热舒适存在差异。进一步的线性回归分析得到了不同地区建筑内的热中性温度和热舒适温度范围。过渡季节各地区公共建筑室内实测热中性温度都要小于理论热中性温度,人们更偏向低于理论值的室内温度,而实际热舒适温度范围则要比理论热舒适温度范围更加宽泛,说明过渡季节各地区的人们对环境的适应性更强了。 相似文献
17.
采用环境参数测量与问卷调查同步进行的方式,研究了混合供冷模式下人们的热舒适性。结果显示,该地区夏季实测热中性温度为27.7℃,预测热中性温度为25.4℃,由热感觉法和直接询问法得到的80%可接受温度范围的上限分别为28.8℃和29.2℃,由这两种方法得到的期望温度分别为27.4℃和24.0℃;在混合供冷模式下,由于存在由空调环境进入非空调环境的情况,所以对热环境的不满意率要高于自然通风状态,可接受温度上限比自然通风状态低。 相似文献
18.
以西安建筑科技大学体育馆为例,指出了影响体育馆内人体热舒适和室内热环境的因素。对该体育馆室内热环境进行了分析,对其围护结构热工性能进行了评价,提出了改善其室内热环境的一些对策。 相似文献
19.
室内环境评价指标是进行空调系统控制的重要变量,合理的评价指标选择是实现室内环境高效控制和建筑节能的关键。文章首先对传统的空调控制方法及其采用的室内环境评价指标进行了分析。然后从基于热舒适和空气品质的控制需求出发,分别综述了空调系统控制方法及其相应室内环境评价指标的最新进展。最后对室内环境控制所面临的挑战进行讨论。 相似文献
20.
为研究热湿工况下使用工位辐射空调的人体热舒适情况,在人工环境实验室内,通过改变环境背景温度来影响人体的热感觉,并采用热感觉投票(TSV)作为评价标准,重点研究了人体头部、躯干、上肢、下肢以及整体热感觉情况。实验结果表明,尽管背景环境参数超出舒适范围,但使用工位辐射空调能维持受试者的舒适状态,即背景温度稳定在28℃时,平均整体热感觉投票值低于+0.2;背景温度为30℃时,受试者热感觉仍能满足ASHRAE规范中规定的80%可接受范围要求。 相似文献