活性污泥吸附-生物降解联合处理技术在有机废水处理中的应用

文章针对某炼油厂排放的高含挥发性有机物(VOCs)废水问题,通过综合评估有机物的挥发特性和活性污泥的吸附性能,提出了一种高效的活性污泥吸附-生物降解联合处理技术。实验结果表明,该炼油厂废水含有大量挥发性有机物,在静置时稳定,曝气时易于挥发;好氧活性污泥的吸附能力明显优于厌氧活性污泥,且pH值约为7时吸附效果最佳。该联合处理装置对目标炼油厂废水的处理具有显著效果,60 d内COD平均去除率为89.59%,TOC平均去除率额 92.32%,完全符合有机废水处理标准。     

Elucidating competitive adsorption mechanisms of atrazine and NOM using model compounds

Based on the relative adsorbability of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions with different molecular weights (MWs), two model compounds, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) (nominal MW=1800 Dalton) and p-dichlorobenzene (DCB), were chosen to study the competitive effect of large and small NOM molecules on atrazine adsorption by two powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different pore size distributions. Both isotherm and kinetic tests of atrazine adsorption were conducted using fresh PAC and PAC preloaded with the model compounds. The model compounds were found to affect atrazine adsorption through two different mechanisms due to their size difference: direct competition for sites by p-DCB and pore constriction/blockage by PSS-1.8k. p-DCB was found to significantly reduce atrazine adsorption capacity but to have no effect on atrazine adsorption kinetics. In contrast, the effect of PSS-1.8k on atrazine adsorption capacity was very small. Furthermore, during simultaneous adsorption, PSS-1.8k had no effect on atrazine surface diffusion. However, preloading PAC with PSS-1.8k lowered the atrazine surface diffusion coefficient, D(s), by more than three orders of magnitude; D(s) decreased with increasing solid phase PSS-1.8k concentration. The pore size distribution of the PAC was found to play an important role in competitive adsorption. A high mesopore surface area could alleviate pore blockage significantly.     

Emission Of Volatile And Semivolatile Organic Compounds From Waterborne Paints – The Effect Of The Film Thickness

A waterborne paint was applied to tin plated steel sheets with three different film thicknesses. The emission of volatile and semivolaile organic compounds ((S) VOCs) from the samples was measured in small climatic chambers under standard conditions over a two-week period. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the film thickness on the emission rate decay. First order decay models, including sink effects for the high boiling (S) VOCs, were fitted to the concentration versus time data. The results showed that the first order rate constants decrease with increasing film thickness. In uddition, the results indicated that the emissions of the (S)VOCs in the waterborne paint film seemed to be controlled by evaporation. The thicknesses of paint films used in climatic chamber tests to estimate emission rates for product compurison or emission prediction must be known in order to prevent erroneous conclusions     

The relation between activated carbon adsorption and water quality indexes

In order to estimate the adsorbability by activated carbon of organic compounds dissolved in aqueous solutions, the contribution of individual atoms to the adsorption process is calculated. The contribution of carbon, bromine and chlorine atoms is positive, that of oxygen atoms is negative, that of hydrogen atoms is very small and that of nitrogen atoms is influenced by the kind of functional group in which they are contained. The dominant factors governing adsorption are the numbers of carbon and oxygen atoms in a molecule. The activated carbon's effectiveness for adsorption of organic compounds dissolved in solutions can be predicted from such water quality indexes as total organic carbon, total organic nitrogen, total organic halogen an total oxygen demand.     

越南国家体育场屋盖平均风压及风环境影响数值模拟

本文给出了越南国家体育场双挑屋盖平均风压分布的数值模拟结果,并将60^o风向下数值模拟平均风压系数与风洞实验结果进行了比较,两者大体上是吻合的,随后给出90^o风向下贴近屋盖面上数值模拟湍动能,以此分析悬挑屋盖面上脉动风压分布规律,且用风洞实验的脉动风压均方根值结果进行验证．最后由越南国家体育场单边屋盖和双边屋盖数值模型,进行了风环境影响的研究,以考察有无上风向屋盖对下风屋盖的影响。     

钢渣对水溶液中铬的吸附及其动力学研究

以钢渣为吸附剂去除溶液中的铬,考察了pH、钢渣投量及粒径、转速等因素对钢渣吸附效果的影响,并结合吸附动力学和扩散模型及钢渣的矿物组成变化探讨了钢渣对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附去除机理.结果表明,钢渣对Cr(Ⅲ)具有明显的吸附去除效果,且不受溶液pH值的影响;当体系中存在还原剂Fe(Ⅱ)时,Cr(Ⅵ)可被还原为Cr(Ⅲ)而被钢渣吸附去除;在转速为180 r/min的条件下,钢渣对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附过程遵循Lagergren一级吸附速率方程及Weber-Morris颗粒内扩散模型,此时钢渣内扩散是吸附过程的主要控制步骤.且Cr(Ⅲ)的初始浓度越高则吸附速率越低;X射线荧光(XRF)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,铬在钢渣上的吸附去除主要是通过生成铬氧化物以及与钢渣中的Ca、Fe等元素生成难溶化合物来实现的.     

有机质对土壤吸附性能的影响研究

采用了砂土与有机肥按不同比例配制有机质含量不同的4种土样为吸附剂,研究土壤对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附性能.实验结果表明,4种土样对亚甲基蓝均有较好的吸附性能.20℃时,吸附规律较好的符合langmuir吸附等温式;pH对吸附性能有较大影响,且随有机质含量的增加,影响加强;有机质的存在可提高土壤对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力;土壤对亚甲基蓝的解析量基本随吸附量的增加而增加,但是增加的幅度非常小.     

沥青烟气治理方法探讨

介绍了沥青烟气处理的三种主要方法及其原理和特点。同时指出．企业应根据实际情况选用适合的处理方法；为达到理想效果，可采用组合处理方法。     

A critical review of reported air concentrations of organic compounds in aircraft cabins

This paper presents a review and assessment of aircraft cabin air quality studies with measured levels of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs). VOC and SVOC concentrations reported for aircraft cabins are compared with those reported for residential and office buildings and for passenger compartments of other types of transportation. An assessment of measurement technologies and quality assurance procedures is included. The six studies reviewed in the paper range in coverage from two to about 30 flights per study. None of the monitored flights included any unusual or episodic events that could affect cabin air quality. Most studies have used scientifically sound methods for measurements. Study results indicate that under routine aircraft operations, contaminant levels in aircraft cabins are similar to those in residential and office buildings, with two exceptions: (1). levels of ethanol and acetone, indicators of bioeffluents and chemicals from consumer products are higher in aircraft than in home or office environments, and (2). levels of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons and fuel-related contaminants are higher in residential/office buildings than in aircraft. Similarly, ethanol and acetone levels are higher in aircraft than in other transportation modes but the levels of some pollutants, such as m-/p-xylenes, tend to be lower in aircraft.     

Analysis of the build-up of semi and non volatile organic compounds on urban roads

Vehicular traffic in urban areas may adversely affect urban water quality through the build-up of traffic generated semi and non volatile organic compounds (SVOCs and NVOCs) on road surfaces. The characterisation of the build-up processes is the key to developing mitigation measures for the removal of such pollutants from urban stormwater. An in-depth analysis of the build-up of SVOCs and NVOCs was undertaken in the Gold Coast region in Australia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multicriteria Decision tools such as PROMETHEE and GAIA were employed to understand the SVOC and NVOC build-up under combined traffic scenarios of low, moderate, and high traffic in different land uses. It was found that congestion in the commercial areas and use of lubricants and motor oils in the industrial areas were the main sources of SVOCs and NVOCs on urban roads, respectively. The contribution from residential areas to the build-up of such pollutants was hardly noticeable. It was also revealed through this investigation that the target SVOCs and NVOCs were mainly attached to particulate fractions of 75-300 μm whilst the redistribution of coarse fractions due to vehicle activity mainly occurred in the >300 μm size range. Lastly, under combined traffic scenario, moderate traffic with average daily traffic ranging from 2300 to 5900 and average congestion of 0.47 were found to dominate SVOC and NVOC build-up on roads.     

可再生吸附法脱除冷凝液中有机物中试研究

为了解决石油化工生产过程中所产冷凝液被有机物污染而难以回用的难题,对烯烃生产过程中产生的冷凝液进行了水质分析,在明确冷凝液中主要有机物组成的基础上,开发了一套可再生吸附脱除冷凝液中有机物的处理技术.中试结果表明,在吸附材料填充率为75%、水力流速为20 m/h的条件下,采用下向流进水方式,该系统可有效脱除冷凝液中的有机物,出水TOC<1.0 mg/L,完全能满足二级脱盐水对总有机碳的控制要求.     

板栗内皮对酸性废水中重金属的吸附

选取板栗内皮作为吸附剂,在实验室条件下,通过振荡吸附的方法研究了板栗内皮对pH 2.0的酸性废水中,镉、铅、铜、锌4种重金属离子的吸附特性。研究结果表明,当板栗内皮的加入量为30 g/L,反应时间1 h,达到对溶液中4种重金属离子的最大去除率,分别为Cd 98.9%、Pb 99.6%、Zn 98.9%、Cu 98.7%;热力学实验结果表明,板栗内皮对4种重金属离子的吸附容量分别为Cd 3.2、Pb 90.8、Zn 27.3、Cu 52.4 mg/g;动力学实验结果表明,吸附反应在60 min内可以     

Pentachlorophenol adsorption and desorption characteristics of granular activated carbon-II. Kinetics

The kinetics of pentachlorophenol (PCP) adsorption/desorption with Calgon F300 granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied. A previously-developed model of GAC adsorption/desorption kinetics was applied to the case of PCP for both batch and continuous plug-flow liquid conditions. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations.