Optimize the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by adjusting the conductivities of grains and grain boundaries

Reduction of dielectric loss for CCTO ceramics is a prerequisite for their applications. Considering internal barrier layer capacitance effect, improving the capacitance and grain boundary resistance is an effective way to reduce dielectric loss. Therefore, more conductive Ti³⁺ and Cu⁺ ions were introduced to grains by adding carbon to ceramic bodies, improving the permittivity of CCTO ceramics. Annealing was performed to increase the grain boundary resistance. The dielectric loss of the CCTO ceramics thus prepared, which maintain a giant permittivity, is significantly reduced. Specifically, the CCTO ceramic with carbon addition, which was sintered at 1080 °C for 8 h and air annealed at 950 °C for 2 h, exhibits a giant permittivity of about 2.50(5)×10⁴ and a low dielectric loss of less than 0.050(2) from below 20 Hz to 50 kHz at room temperature. Meanwhile, its dielectric loss at 1–10 kHz is less than 0.050(2) from below room temperature to about 100 °C.     

氧化锌压敏陶瓷材料介电性能的研究

通过实验对ＺｎＯ压敏陶瓷元件的介电特性进行了研究,在微观结构的基础上导出晶粒间界的电容公式,与由实验作出的Ｃ－Ｖ曲线,两者基本一致,提出了控制压敏电阻器固有电容的方法,在理论的指导下,采用适当的配方和工艺,可以制得介电性能良好的适应不同要求的压敏电阻器。     

Enhanced electron collection efficiency of nanostructured dye‐sensitized solar cells by incorporating TiO2 cubes

Herein, enhancement of dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSC) performance is reported by combining the merits of the dye loading of TiO₂ nanoparticles and light scattering, straight carrier transport path, and efficient electron collection efficiency of TiO₂ cubes. We fabricate DSC devices with various arrangement styles and compositions of the electrodes in the forms of monolayer and double layer films. For this purpose, the solvothermal synthesized TiO₂ cubic particles (100‐600 nm) are employed as the scattering layer, whereas TiO₂ nanoparticles (15‐30 nm) synthesized via a combination of solvothermal and sol‐gel routes are used as the active layer of devices. We improve the photovoltaic characteristics of DSCs by two mechanisms. First, the light harvesting of DSC devices made of nanoparticles is improved by controlling the thickness of monolayer films, reaching the highest efficiency of 7.0%. Second, the light scattering and electron collection efficiency are enhanced by controlling the composition of double layer films composed of mixtures of TiO₂ nanoparticles and cubes, obtaining the maximum efficiency of 8.21%. The enhancements are attributed to balance between charge transfer resistance and charge recombination of photo‐generated electrons as well as dye loading and light scattering.     

Control of grain boundary in alumina doped CCTO showing colossal permittivity by core-shell approach

Grain boundaries of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) materials have been shown to play leading role in colossal permittivity. Core-shell design is an attractive approach to make colossal dielectric capacitors by controlling the grain boundaries. Core-shell grains of CCTO surrounded by Al₂O₃ shell were synthesized by ultrasonic sol-gel reaction from alumina alkoxide precursor. The influence of alumina shell by comparison with bare CCTO grains was studied. Particularly, microstructure, dielectric and electric effects on sintered ceramics are reported. The average grain size and the density are increased compared to undoped CCTO leading to an improvement of permittivity from 58,000 to 81,000 at 1?kHz. Furthermore a decrease of dielectric loss is found in a frequency range of 10²–10³?Hz. Moreover, the activation energy of grain boundaries is increased from 0.55 to 0.73?eV and the electrical properties such as breakdown voltage, non-linear coefficient and resistivity are improved with the aim of making industrial capacitors.     

Effects of Sn substitution on the crystal structures,microstructures, and microwave dielectric properties of Ce2Zr3(MoO4)9 ceramics

A series of Ce₂(Zr_1?xSn_x)₃(MoO₄)₉ (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) (CZ_1?xS_xM) ceramics were synthesized to investigate the effect of Sn⁴⁺ doping on the crystal structure, chemical bond parameters, and dielectric properties of Ce₂Zr₃(MoO₄)₉ ceramics. X-ray diffraction patterns illustrated the formation of the single-phase trigonal system solid solution in all samples. Rietveld refinement result showed that the lattice volume decreased linearly, which can be explained by the fact that the effective radius of Sn ion is smaller than that of Zr ion. As the Sn content increased, scanning electron microscope images showed that the CZ_1?xS_xM ceramics transformed from bar-like grains to disk-like grains and the grain size declined gradually. The structure–property correlation was estimated by using P–V-L theory; the descending ε_r was mainly consistent with the reduced polarizability and total bond ionicity. The Q × f was associated with the lattice energy of the Ce–O1 bond. The change of τ_f value was mainly attributed to the bond energy (E_Mo1–O1 and E_Mo1–O4) and the coefficients of thermal expansion (α_Mo1–O1 and α_Mo1–O4). Infrared analysis indicated that the dielectric properties of the CZ_1?xS_xM ceramics were primarily ascribed to the absorption of phonon oscillation. Notably, when x = 0.08, outstanding microwave dielectric properties could be achieved, namely, ε_r = 10.22, Q × f = 72,390 GHz, τ_f = ?7.54 ppm/°C.     

Bi掺杂(Ba,Sr,Ca)TiO3陶瓷的结构及介电和铁电性能

采用固相反应技术制备了铋掺杂(Ba1-xCax)0.925Bi0.05TiO3(x=0.10,Bi-BCT)和(Ba1-xSrx/2Cax/2)0.925Bi0.05TiO3(Bi-BCST)(x=0.10,Bi-BSCT)铁电陶瓷,研究了样品的结构、介电和铁电性能。结果表明:在Bi-BCT陶瓷中存在一种弥散的老化效应,点缺陷引起的可逆畴翻转机制能够合理地解释Bi-BCT陶瓷中异常的双电滞回线,这种机制有望进一步解释Bi-BSCT陶瓷中异常的介电行为。     

高频低损耗PS/TiO_2复合材料介电性能研究

研究了以聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)共聚物为基体,TiO_2为填料的复合材料在高频下的介电性能,通过苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯及TiO_2之间的不同配比,研究了介电常数、介质损耗因数与TiO_2体积分数及频率的关系,交联度对共聚物基体的玻璃化温度的影响。研究表明,加入二乙烯基苯交联后,材料的耐热温度明显提高。     

CaO掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用新型溶胶-凝胶制粉技术和传统陶瓷工艺相结合的方法,制备了(Ba1-xCax)TiO3(x=0～0.16)陶瓷,并对陶瓷晶相特征及其介电、压电性能进行了研究。结果表明,经1250℃烧结的陶瓷由单一晶相组成,晶体具有钙钛矿结构。其介电、压电特征受CaO加入量的影响显著。当x≤0.1时,陶瓷的介电常数随CaO加入量的增加而增大,并表现出弛豫铁电体的特征,其居里点与纯BaTiO3陶瓷相差不大。当x>0.1时,陶瓷的介电常数随CaO的增加而减小,其铁电性能弱化,但介电损耗较小,介电温度稳定性较好。     

Dielectric properties of SrTiO3/LaNiO3 composite structure prepared by “sol-gel” method

In this work, Pt/SrTiO₃(STO)/LaNiO₃(LNO) and Pt/STO/Pt structures were fabricated on Si substrates using sol–gel method. Dielectric tunability characteristics of these two structures are investigated over temperature range of 300–80 K. As temperature decreases, relative dielectric constant and tunability of STO films in both structures increase linearly, while loss tangent (tan?) decreases. STO prepared on LNO exhibits better crystallinity and dielectric tunability than that prepared on Pt. Furthermore, LNO top pole array with 0.2 mm diameter was prepared on STO/LNO using photosensitive sol–gel method, resulting in LNO/STO/LNO structure with symmetric electrode. Dielectric tunability tests reveal that, compared with Pt/STO/LNO structure, LNO/STO/LNO structure exhibits similar tunability, lower tan?, higher figure-of-merit (FOM) values, and better tunability symmetry. Relative dielectric constant, tunability (350 kV/cm), and FOM are approximately 391, 60%, and 142.6 at 80 K, respectively. Further analysis shows that because of Schottky barrier at Pt/STO interface, the FOM and tunability symmetry of Pt/STO/LNO structure are worse than those of LNO/STO/LNO structure. These results demonstrate that LNO electrode performs better than conventional inert metal electrodes.     

再生纤维素/聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/二氧化钛抗菌复合膜的制备及性能

以微晶纤维素(MCC)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料, 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)为溶剂, 通过MCC溶解再生与PVA共混制备再生纤维素(RGC)/PVA基膜, 并利用壳聚糖(CS)和纳米二氧化钛(TiO₂)共混液包覆方法制备RGC/PVA/CS/TiO₂抗菌复合膜。通过FT-IR、XRD和SEM对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征, 并对复合膜的热学、力学、光学、阻隔和抑菌等性能进行测试分析。研究结果表明: 壳聚糖和二氧化钛成功复合于纤维素基膜, RGC/PVA/CS/TiO₂复合膜的热分解主要由CS-TiO₂包覆层和RGC/PVA基膜的分解构成。与再生纤维素(RGC)膜相比, 当TiO₂质量分数为0.2%时, RGC/PVA/CS/TiO₂复合膜的拉伸强度提升了39.28%, 断裂伸长率提升了51.66%, 透光率保持在88.72%, 氧气透过率下降了47.77%, 且对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌具有良好的抑制作用。     

Synthesis,characterization, and microwave dielectric properties of ZnTiTa2O8 ceramics with ixiolite structure obtained through the aqueous sol–gel process

Nano-sized ZnTiTa₂O₈ powders with ixiolite structure, with particle sizes ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm, were synthesized by thermal decomposition at 950 °C. The precursors were obtained by aqueous sol–gel and the compacted and sintered ceramics with nearly full density were obtained through subsequent heat treatment. The microstructure and electrical performance were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and microwave dielectric measurements. All the samples prepared in the range 950–1150 °C exhibit single ixiolite phase and relative density between ~87% and ~94%. The variation of permittivity and Q·ƒ value agreed with that of the relative density. Pure ZnTiTa₂O₈ ceramic sintered at 1050 °C for 4 h exhibited good microwave dielectric properties with a permittivity of 35.7, Q·ƒ value of 57,550 GHz, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of about −24.7 ppm/°C. The relatively low sintering temperature and excellent dielectric properties in the microwave range would make these ceramics promising for applications in electronics.