北京校园建筑夏冬两季室内热舒适性现场调查研究

测试了空气温度、平均辐射温度、相对湿度、风速等环境参数,采用问卷的形式调查了受试者的主观热感觉,建立了热感觉与室内操作温度的对应关系。在夏季,人们对偏热环境的耐受力强于PMV预测结果;在冬季,人体对于偏冷环境具有适应性,若室内温度偏高,人会感觉不适,实际热感觉高于PMV预测值;由于供暖条件的差异,长期生活在我国南方的人冬季对于偏冷环境的适应性要强于北方人。     

不同行为方式下人体热感觉与室内环境之关系

对影响人体热舒适度的室内物理参数及瞬态热的影响关系进行了详细分析，并对不同行为方式下人体主观因素进行了阐述，指出设计人员在设计时应考虑诸多因素，不同的行为方式采取不同的设计，以使人体达到热平衡的理想状态。     

北京地区大学教室热舒适长期调查研究

针对北京市某大学的教室进行调研,对室内热环境参数、受访者服装热阻及受访者热感觉投票进行了为期1年的跟踪调查。试图通过探索教室热环境参数与受访者热感觉之间的关系了解受访者对教室内热环境的需求,结果发现,不同季节受访者对环境的需求存在差异,夏季空调环境人体中性温度为26.9℃,过渡季节自然通风环境中性温度为23.5℃,而冬季集中供热环境中性温度为22.9℃,着装量不同是造成上述差异的主要原因。对于室内环境控制,在春秋过渡季节的绝大多数时间,自然通风可满足人员对室内热环境的需求;在非自然通风季节,将室内温度控制到可接受的范围就可以满足多数受访者的需求。     

现场研究中热舒适指标的选取问题

对热舒适现场研究结果进行了总结，并对热舒适指标的选取、有效温度的计算、热感觉的表述方式等问题进行了讨论分析。认为当相对湿度在热舒适范围内时，采用有效温度作为热舒适指标并采用平均热感觉值，能更好地预测人体热感觉。     

焦作夏季居住建筑人体热舒适现场研究

采用环境参数测量与问卷调查同步进行的方式,研究了混合供冷模式下人们的热舒适性。结果显示,该地区夏季实测热中性温度为27.7℃,预测热中性温度为25.4℃,由热感觉法和直接询问法得到的80%可接受温度范围的上限分别为28.8℃和29.2℃,由这两种方法得到的期望温度分别为27.4℃和24.0℃;在混合供冷模式下,由于存在由空调环境进入非空调环境的情况,所以对热环境的不满意率要高于自然通风状态,可接受温度上限比自然通风状态低。     

Models of human thermoregulation and the prediction of local and overall thermal sensations

This study aims at comparing the predictions of skin temperature from different models of human thermoregulation and investigating the currently available methods for the prediction of the local and overall thermal sensations. In this paper, the Fiala model, the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) thermoregulation model and a multi-segmental (MS) Pierce model were tested against recently measured data from the literature. The local and overall thermal sensations were predicted for different room conditions, obtained from a recent experimental study, using the UCB comfort model coupled with the MS-Pierce model. The overall thermal sensation was further predicted using three other models. The predictions were then compared with the subjective votes obtained from that study. The equivalent temperature approach was also investigated based on the same experimental study. The results show comparisons of the predicted skin temperature by the thermoregulation models, under steady state and dynamic conditions, with the measured data as well as the predictions of the thermal sensations from the different models.     

Exceedance Degree-Hours: A new method for assessing long-term thermal conditions

Several “discomfort indices” have been proposed and codified into building standards, with several needs usually reported for such indices. They should: express the severity of discomfort in time steps while incorporating all environmental and personal factors; be usable with any comfort model (and thus, a variety of interests, for example, traditional thermal comfort, sleep comfort), among other requirements. The existing indices, however, fall short of meeting all these goals, limiting their usefulness in many situations, such as assessing conditions in mixed-mode buildings, especially when used for building performance simulation and design optimization purposes. Here, a new discomfort index called “Exceedance Degree-Hours” is developed, which accounts for all six main environmental and personal factors. By using an equivalent temperature index, “Exceedance Degree-Hours” can capture variations in discomfort severity between different thermal conditions that other indices cannot. In contrast with other indices, “Exceedance Degree-Hours” can be paired with various comfort definitions from literature, and, importantly, it can be used to assess thermal comfort in mixed-mode buildings, providing a single value as a result. Here, the results of the proposed method are compared to those of existing discomfort indices suggested in standards, and the advantages and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed.     

热湿工况下工位辐射空调的热舒适实验研究

为研究热湿工况下使用工位辐射空调的人体热舒适情况,在人工环境实验室内,通过改变环境背景温度来影响人体的热感觉,并采用热感觉投票(TSV)作为评价标准,重点研究了人体头部、躯干、上肢、下肢以及整体热感觉情况。实验结果表明,尽管背景环境参数超出舒适范围,但使用工位辐射空调能维持受试者的舒适状态,即背景温度稳定在28℃时,平均整体热感觉投票值低于+0.2;背景温度为30℃时,受试者热感觉仍能满足ASHRAE规范中规定的80%可接受范围要求。     

高原低气压环境对人体热舒适性影响的研究初探

模拟了高原低气压环境,以问卷调查的方式进行了低气压环境下人体热舒适的实验研究,为低气压地区舒适性空调的设计提供了参考.     

两种送风方式下人体舒适性实验研究

采用实验室研究方法研究了侧送风与散流器送风两种送风方式对人体热舒适的影响,统计结果表明：侧送风与散流器送风下的中性温度分别为28.64℃和25.96℃,不满意率分别为4.34%和6.82%,根据热感觉投票值得出了两种送风方式下80%,90%满意率的温度范围,并与ASHRAE Standard 55-1992中夏季舒适区的温度进行了对比。     

热舒适评价指标及冬季室内计算温度探讨

以Fanger热舒适方程及PMWV，PPD评价指标为理论依据，模拟计算了严寒地区居室热环境，结果表明，满足人体热舒适的室内空气温度为21－24℃，明显高于现行暖通规范规定的冬季居室内计算温度16－20℃。认为应研究适于我国严寒地区居民的热舒适标准。     

Evaluating the performance of thermal sensation prediction with a biophysical model

Neutral thermal sensation is expected for a human body in heat balance in near‐steady‐state thermal environments. The physiological thermoneutral zone (TNZ) is defined as the range of operative temperatures where the body can maintain such heat balance by actively adjusting body tissue insulation, but without regulatory increases in metabolic rate or sweating. These basic principles led to the hypothesis that thermal sensation relates to the operative temperature distance from the thermoneutral centroid (dTNZ_op). This hypothesis was confirmed by data from respiratory climate chamber experiments. This paper explores the potential of such biophysical model for the prediction of thermal sensation under increased contextual variance. Data (798 votes, 47 participants) from a controlled office environment were used to analyze the predictive performance of the dTNZ_op model. The results showed a similar relationship between dTNZ_op and thermal sensation between the dataset used here and the previously used dataset. The predictive performance had the same magnitude as that of the PMV model; however, potential benefits of using a biophysical model are discussed. In conclusion, these findings confirm the potential of the biophysical model with regard to the understanding and prediction of human thermal sensation. Further work remains to make benefit of its full potential.     

Effects of increased humidity on physiological responses,thermal comfort,perceived air quality,and Sick Building Syndrome symptoms at elevated indoor temperatures for subjects in a hot-humid climate

Recently, studies suggest that the average indoor temperature is typically >30°C and that the maximum temperature can reach 37.5°C in hot-humid areas. However, the effects caused by increasing the humidity at high indoor temperatures are not clear. In this study, twelve female and twelve male subjects were exposed to different operative temperature (26.6, 30.6, and 37.4°C) and relative humidity (50% and 70%) in a climate chamber. Data concerning thermal sensation, perceived air quality, and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) were collected during 190-min-long exposure to each thermal condition. Heart rate, respiration rate, respiratory ventilation rate, mean skin temperature, and eardrum temperature were measured. It was found that increasing the relative humidity from 50% to 70% at 26 and 30°C had no significant effects on the physiological responses, thermal comfort, perceived air quality, or SBS symptoms of the subjects. However, when the temperature was elevated to 37°C, the heart rate, respiration rate, respiratory ventilation rate, mean skin temperature, and eardrum temperature increased significantly as a result of the increase in the relative humidity from 50% to 70%. The subjects felt hotter and more uncomfortable, and they found indoor air quality was more difficult to accept. The subjects are acclimatized to hot environments and more tolerant to heat. Therefore, the results are applicable to the acclimated people living in hot-humid climate.     

北京地区冬季室内人体热舒适性及热适应性调查

测试了室内环境参数,同时调查了受试者的热感觉。结果显示,室外温度对人的热适应性有显著影响。在冬季,寒冷的气候条件使人们形成对偏冷环境的适应性,此时如果室内温度过高,人们对低温的适应性将被破坏,反而感觉不舒适。     

供暖房间热舒适模糊分析及最优室内计算温度的研究

模拟我国中部地区冬季供暖房间热微环境及人员衣着习惯,针对钢制柱式、钢制串片和钢制扁管三种典型供暖散热器,进行了人体热舒适实验,并对实验结果进行了模糊分析。得到了适用于我国中部地区供暖设计及运行的室内计算温度,其最优范围为１７．０～１９．２℃。通过对实验结果的分析,提出供暖散热器的改进方向。     

玻璃类型对玻璃幕墙建筑室内热环境的影响分析

以某博览中心为建筑模型,采用EnergyPlus和自编的热舒适计算程序模拟了玻璃幕墙建筑的室内热环境,着重分析了玻璃类型、窗墙比对室内热舒适性的影响.对幕墙建筑室内不同位置PMV值的计算结果表明,人体与玻璃幕墙的相对位置对热舒适影响较大.     

广东地区工业厂房夏季室内热环境研究

通过阐述了热环境对人体的影响,分析广东地区轻钢结构工业厂房夏季室内热环境的基础之上,提出了改善工业厂房室内热环境的措施.     

通风降温建筑室内热环境模拟及热舒适研究

将热舒适评价标准ＰＭＶ／ＰＰＤ模型与建筑动态热模拟及计算流体动力学（ＣＦＤ）模拟相结合，分别对重庆地区自然通风房间和埋管送风通风房间进行了室内气候及热舒适性模拟与分析，结果表明，埋管系统通风降温可以改善炎热地区的室内热舒适性。     

大空间建筑室内气流组织数值模拟与舒适性分析

分别对采用百叶侧送侧回、喷口侧送侧回、散流器顶送下回、分层空调、置换通风方式的大空间建筑空调室内气流的速度场和温度场进行了数值模拟,并对其结果进行了实验验证。根据ADPI指标对这几种送回风方式进行了热舒适性评价.结果表明,分层空调和置换通风是大空间建筑中较好的气流组织方式。     

Simple modelling procedure for the indoor thermal environment of highly insulated buildings heated by wood stoves

Space heating using wood stoves is a popular solution in many European countries. The nominal power of the state-of-the-art stoves is oversized compared to the needs of highly insulated buildings, leading to a risk of overheating. A modelling procedure is here developed in order to investigate the indoor thermal environment generated by wood stoves in such buildings. This procedure is kept simple to perform all-year detailed dynamic simulations (e.g. using TRNSYS) at an acceptable computational cost. A specific experimental set-up has been developed for validation, essentially regarding the interaction between the stove and the building. The largest source of error appears to be the thermal stratification in the room where the stove is placed. The experiments prove that the model gives a fair insight into the global thermal comfort. Therefore, it is possible to investigate the conditions required for a stove to be properly integrated in a highly insulated building.