不同气调包装对冷藏白鲢鱼片质量的影响

用不同的气调成分(50%O2/50%CO2、50%N2/50%CO2、50%CO/50%CO2)及空气(对照组)分别包装鲢鱼片,并在冷藏(4±2℃)条件下贮藏,研究不同的气调包装处理对鲢鱼片理化及微生物的影响。结果显示,随贮存期增加,气调包装能有效抑制需氧菌数、嗜冷性细菌及大肠菌群的生长;气调包装处理的pH比控制组低,但其汁液流失量较控制组高;所有包装的TVBN值及TBA值随贮存时间增加而上升,色泽则逐渐衰减。     

Effects of rosemary and sage tea extract on biogenic amines formation of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) fillets

Natural antimicrobials and antioxidants from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage tea (Salvia officinalis) were produced using solvent extraction method. The effect of two extracts on ammonia (AMN) and biogenic amines (BAs) formation in vacuum packed sardine (Sardina pilchardus) fillets stored at 3 ± 1 °C was investigated for 20 days. Although the effect of extracts was dependent on specific amine and storage time, phenolic compounds from rosemary and sage tea generally resulted in lower AMN and BAs accumulation in sardine muscle. Putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) were the most abundant amines, while histamine (HIS) concentration ranged from 2.05 to 28.77 mg 100g^?1. Rosemary and sage tea extracts significantly reduced HIS, PUT, CAD and trimethylamine accumulation in the fish muscle (P < 0.05) while stimulating effect of extracts was observed on serotonin and agmatine formation. At the end of the storage period, PUT and CAD contents of control were 100‐fold higher than those of treated groups.     

活性气调包装对番木瓜品质的影响

研究了内含CO2吸附剂的活性气调包装对番木瓜综合品质的影响。与未加吸附剂的普通气调相比,活性气调包装能够降低番木瓜的氧气消耗率,推迟番木瓜果肉内多糖和还原糖的达峰时间,减少番木瓜的失水率,提高气调包装对番木瓜的保鲜效果,但对维生素C影响不显著。研究结果表明活性气调包装在番木瓜保鲜贮藏中具有一定的推广应用价值。     

The effects of soluble gas stabilisation on the quality of packed sardine fillets (Sardina pilchardus) stored in air,VP and MAP

Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) is a species that for its abundance assumes great importance in the Portuguese fishing sector. In order to contribute for a better utilisation of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the pre‐treatment with soluble gas stabilisation (SGS) (100% CO₂ at 2 bar, during 15 and 30 min) on the quality and shelf‐life of sardine fillets, packed in air (AP), vacuum (VP) and modified atmosphere (MAP: 5% O₂/35% CO₂/60% N₂). During the chilled storage, the quality changes were evaluated by sensory evaluation, chemical and microbiological analysis. The total volatile basic nitrogen content remained almost constant, between 16 and 19 mg N/100 g muscle, during the storage period, for all samples. The TBARs values increased with storage time, for all batches and storage conditions. The application of SGS treatment to sardine fillets, resulted in a bacteriostatic effect, contributing to the improvement of the microbiological quality of fillets. Considering a sensory criteria, the shelf‐life of SGS pre‐treated sardine fillets was found to be 5 days in AP and MAP while in VP‐treated fillets a shelf‐life of 8 days was reported. At sensory rejection, sardine fillets presented a K‐value of 30% in AP and MAP batches and 40% in VP batch.     

气调包装对番石榴贮藏品质的影响

研究12℃时4%O2+5%CO2+91%N2的气调包装对番石榴贮藏品质的影响。与相同温度下未气调包装相比,气调包装能够延缓果实的软化,推迟果肉内过氧化物酶活性和还原糖含量的达峰时间,降低了VC和可滴定酸的分解速率,抑制了丙二醛的生成速率。结果表明,气调包装的番石榴保质期比未气调样品延长了一倍,其在番石榴贮藏保鲜中有一定的推广应用价值。     

充气包装对青菜冷藏品质的影响

充气包装已成为一种有效的延长小包装蔬菜货架期的保鲜技术。目的是选择最合适的环境气调贮藏包装青菜,研究贮藏在4℃,不同的气体浓度(空气对照组、10%CO2+20%O2+70%N2、10%CO2+5%O2+85%N2、10%CO2+1%O2+89%N2、5%CO2+5%O2+90%N2、15%CO2+10%O2+85%N2)对其感官品质、叶绿素、亚硝酸盐、可溶性固形物、电导率等指标的影响。结果表明:4℃下,延长青菜货架期和保持其营养品质的最佳的气体组成为10%CO2+5%O2+85%N2。     

气调包装对酱卤鸭翅品质和保鲜效果的影响

目的 研究酱卤鸭翅储藏过程中,不同气体比例气调包装对酱卤鸭翅品质和保鲜效果的影响,并确定最佳气调包装条件。方法 将酱卤鸭翅置于3种不同气体比例气调包装中,分别在13 ℃储藏1、3、5、7、10天,测量样品pH、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值、菌落总数和质构。结果 30%N2+70%CO2气调包装组比其他两组的pH、TBA值、TVB-N值、菌落总数均低;30%N2+70%CO2气调组和50%N2+50%CO2气调组随着储藏时间的延长酱鸭翅的嫩度和硬度均上升,而70%N2+30%CO2气调组随着储藏时间的延长酱鸭翅的嫩度和硬度呈先增高后降低的趋势。 结论 酱卤鸭翅在气调包装气体比例为30%N2+70%CO2时保鲜效果最佳。     

冷藏物流过程中不同气调包装对三文鱼品质的影响

为研究3种不同体积分数CO2（50%CO2+50%N2,60%CO2+40%N2及70%CO2+30%N2）的气调包装对存在温度波动的冷藏物流链中三文鱼品质保持的作用,通过测定冷藏物流过程中三文鱼的感官评分、红度值、p H、菌落总数、TVB-N值及K值的变化情况,分析不同体积分数CO2对三文鱼肉品质的影响。结果表明,不同体积分数CO2的气调包装对冷藏物流中温度变化导致的三文鱼品质下降均有减缓作用,其中气体比例为70%CO2+30%N2的气调包装的效果最好。70%CO2的气调包装能够使三文鱼肉维持较低的TVB-N值,同时能抑制微生物的繁殖,保证三文鱼在贮运末期仍有良好的品质。因此,在冷藏物流链中出现温度波动的情况下,采用气调包装能够有效减缓三文鱼肉品质的下降。      

Maintenance of safety and quality of refrigerated ready-to-cook seasoned ground beef product (meatball) by combining gamma irradiation with modified atmosphere packaging

Abstract: Meatballs were prepared by mixing ground beef and spices and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enteritidis before packaged in modified atmosphere (3% O₂+ 50% CO₂+ 47% N₂) or aerobic conditions. The packaged samples were irradiated at 0.75, 1.5, and 3 kGy doses and stored at 4 °C for 21 d. Survival of the pathogens, total plate count, lipid oxidation, color change, and sensory quality were analyzed during storage. Irradiation at 3 kGy inactivated all the inoculated (approximately 10⁶ CFU/g) S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes cells in the samples. The inoculated (approximately 10⁶ CFU/g) E. coli O157:H7 cells were totally inactivated by 1.5 kGy irradiation. D¹⁰‐values for E. coli O157:H7, S. enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes were 0.24, 0.43, and 0.41 kGy in MAP and 0.22, 0.39, and 0.39 kGy in aerobic packages, respectively. Irradiation at 1.5 and 3 kGy resulted in 0.13 and 0.36 mg MDA/kg increase in 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) reaching 1.02 and 1.49 MDA/kg, respectively, on day 1. Irradiation also caused significant loss of color and sensory quality in aerobic packages. However, MAP effectively inhibited the irradiation‐induced quality degradations during 21‐d storage. Thus, combining irradiation (3 kGy) and MAP (3% O₂+ 50% CO₂+ 47% N₂) controlled the safety risk due to the potential pathogens and maintained qualities of meatballs during 21‐d refrigerated storage. Practical Application: Combined use of gamma irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can maintain quality and safety of seasoned ground beef (meatball). Seasoned ground beef can be irradiated at 3 kGy and packaged in MAP with 3% O₂+ 50% CO₂+ 47% N₂ gas mixture in a high barrier packaging materials. These treatments can significantly decrease risk due to potential pathogens including E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enteritidis in the product. The MAP would reduce the undesirable effects of irradiation on quality, and extend the shelf life of the product for up to 21 d at 3 °C.     

高氧气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜的保鲜效果

研究了不同氧分压条件对鲜切胡萝卜保鲜效果的影响,评定其在贮藏过程中感官品质、呼吸强度、PPO、POD、PAL活性的变化。结果表明,40%氧气包装不适合鲜切胡萝卜贮藏保鲜。100%氧气包装的保鲜效果最好,可有效抑制鲜切胡萝卜呼吸强度以及PPO、POD、PAL的活性。60%、80%氧气包装的保鲜效果次之,但均可起到保鲜的作用。      

Effects of rosemary and sage tea extracts on the sensory,chemical and microbiological changes of vacuum‐packed and refrigerated sardine (Sardina pilchardus) fillets

The effect of the natural antioxidants and antimicrobials from ethanol extracts of rosemary and sage tea on sensory, chemical [Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA)] and microbiological (total viable count‐TVC and total coliform count) changes of vacuum‐packaged sardine (Sardina pilchardus) fillets stored at 3 ± 1 °C was investigated for 20 days. The fish fillets were divided into three groups: untreated group (control, C) and treated groups that were immersed in a 1 L of distilled water containing 10 g rosemary (R group) or sage tea (S group) extracts for 4 min. The shelf life of sardine fillets was found to be 13 days for control (C), 20 days for R and S groups according to sensory assessment results, whose corresponded microbiological assessment showed a shorter shelf life (5 days for C group, 9 for R and S groups). At the end of storage period, TBARs values were 0.98 mg malonaldehyde kg^?1 for C group, 0.66 malonaldehyde kg^?1 for R group and 1.44 mg malonaldehyde kg^?1 for S group. Microbiological results showed that natural compounds from rosemary and sage tea resulted in a lower bacterial growth in fish fillets during the storage period.     

不同气调包装袋对红心猕猴桃后熟品质的影响

目的 探究不同的气调包装袋对红心猕猴桃的保鲜效果.方法 采用2种不同类型自发气调包装袋包装红心猕猴桃,以市售微孔包装袋作对照,研究低温(5±1)℃贮藏时,不同气调包装袋包装的红心猕猴桃的生理特性及营养成分的变化规律.结果 与市售微孔包装袋相比,气调包装袋能够在猕猴桃后熟期间控制氧气含量低于13％,二氧化碳含量不高于5％...     

Physical,chemical and sensory analysis of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) stored in ice

The shelf-life of iced sardine (Sardina pilchardus) was studied. The main changes which take place in raw fish were investigated by means of organoleptic assessments, chemical analyses (total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA-N), trimethylamine oxide (OTMA-N) and hypoxanthine) and physical measurements (GR Torrymeter readings and pH). The influence of both seasonal changes and fat deterioration were also considered. The results obtained indicate that TVB-N and TMA-N parameters are not good freshness indicators for this species, but Torrymeter readings and hypoxanthine values can be used as indicators of freshness. However, they must always be confirmed by a sensory evaluation. From the different combinations tried, the most highly significant degree of correlation was obtained between sensory evaluation and Torrymeter readings.     

Spoilage and shelf life of sardines (Sardina pilchardus) packed in modified atmosphere

The effect of modified atmosphere packing (MAP) (O₂/CO₂/N₂, 5/35/60 (%) and O₂/CO₂/N₂, 5/70/25 (%)) on the quality of sardine stored in refrigerator was investigated in terms of sensory, chemical and microbiological analysis. Although chemical and microbiological analyses indicated that modified atmosphere packing prolonged the shelf life of sardine compared with that of air packing, sensory analysis showed that the extension of shelf life was (condition: O₂/CO₂/N₂, 5/70/25 (%)) 8 days and in air (condition: O₂/CO₂/ N₂, 5/35/60 (%)) 6 days. The results showed significant differences (p <0.05) between air and MAP storage conditions.     

Effect of pyrophosphate and 4-hexylresorcinol pretreatment on quality of refrigerated white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) kept under modified atmosphere packaging

ABSTRACT:  The effect of pretreatment with pyrophosphate and 4-hexylresorcinol in combination with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (80% CO₂, 10% O₂, 10% N₂, or 80% CO₂, 20% N₂) on the quality of white shrimp during storage at 4 °C was investigated. Shrimp pretreated with 2% pyrophosphate and 0.25% 4-hexylresorcinol and stored under MAP showed the lower microbiological and chemical deteriorations as evidenced by delayed microbial growth as well as lower trimethylamine (TMA) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB) production ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the growth of coliforms was inhibited effectively. White shrimp pretreated with 4-hexylresorcinol had the lower melanosis throughout the storage compared with those without treatment ( P < 0.05). This was associated with the lowered polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in shrimp treated with 4-hexylresorcinol. Therefore, the effective retardation of microbiological and chemical deterioration of white shrimp stored under MAP with the decrease in melanosis could be achieved by pretreatment of the shrimp with pyrophosphate and 4-hexylresorcinol. Furthermore, decapitation could be another means to lower the microbial load and melanosis in white shrimp, particularly those stored under MAP.     

三文鱼气调保鲜技术的研究进展

三文鱼不仅是补充人体营养物质的理想食物来源,而且还具有良好的保健作用。本文主要介绍了三文鱼气调保鲜技术的研究进展,指出了三文鱼气调保鲜技术的发展趋势,即单一采用气调保鲜技术只能有限地延长三文鱼的货架期,而气调保鲜技术与酸浸、盐渍、烟熏、保鲜剂和抑菌剂等结合使用可以更好地延长三文鱼的货架期,这将是气调保鲜技术发展的一个趋势。气调包装抑制了好氧菌的生长,气调贮藏中的特定腐败菌为发光磷杆菌、乳酸菌等。通过腐败菌生长建立的货架期预测模型可用于预报三文鱼的货架期,从而建立起一种准确及时的食品质量安全评估方法。      

Optimization of hydrolysis of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) heads with Protamex: enhancement of lipid and phospholipid extraction

BACKGROUND: Fish by‐products are not considered as valuable raw materials even if they usually contain valuable components such as lipids. Fish lipids are well known for their nutritional potential and health effects but their extraction remains problematic due to the use of organic solvents. Enzymatic hydrolysis such as the proteolysis of tissues can lead to lipid extraction. RESULTS: Hydrolysis of sardine heads by Protamex was studied (temperature, hydrolysis time and enzyme–substrate ratio) using response surface methodology in order to obtain the highest release of lipids and particularly phospholipids. No relation between the degree of hydrolysis and lipid recovery were depicted; however, optimum conditions for both the release of lipids and phospholipids were found to be similar (29 min, 31 °C with 2.6 g kg^?1 enzyme). Under these hydrolysis conditions, rich lipid and phospholipid fractions (oily and aqueous fractions) can be recovered when time, temperature and enzyme consumption are minimized. Analytical data have revealed that they contain high‐quality lipids, especially ω3 fatty acid. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that proteolysis can be used for high lipid recovery from little‐exploited biomass like fish heads without requiring solvent or thermal treatment. Resulting phospholipids, fatty acids and peptides could be utilized for nutritional or feed purposes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of grafting and modified atmosphere packaging on eggplant quality parameters during storage

The physico‐chemical parameters (pH, mechanical firmness and vitamin C) and sensory parameters of grafted and ungrafted eggplant plants were studied in relation to storage time (up to 17 days at 10 °C). Eggplant plants of cultivar ‘Tsakoniki’ were grafted on Solanum torvum and S. sisymbriifolium rootstocks in order to avoid the soil borne disease caused by Verticillium dahliae. The fruits were stored under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Vitamin C was negatively affected by grafting it storage, while MAP prolonged the shelf life. Although pH was not affected by grafting but was positively affected by MAP. Flesh firmness was negatively affected by grafting and reduced over storage, but positively affected by MAP. Sensory analysis showed higher ratings of fruits from ungrafted plants for sweetness, acceptance and hardness whereas no difference was detected for overall acceptance. Fruits stored under MAP were better maintained compared with those stored in air.     

气调包装对冷鲜羊肉保鲜效果的影响研究

研究了单组分气体及不同比例气体组分对鲜羊肉进行气调包装后,对贮藏期间影响品质因素的关键技术指标的影响。试验条件下最优气体配比为CO2比例为20%,O2比例为65%。在此配比条件下,既可以改善并维持冷鲜羊肉良好的鲜红色泽,也可以在贮藏期间保持鲜肉的pH值和TVB-N值在规定的范围内,对延长冷鲜羊肉的贮藏期和保持良好的品质起到了一定作用。