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Purification and enzymatic characteristics of a novel polyphenol oxidase from lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
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Xi‐Xi Cai Yong‐Xiang Hong Shao‐Yun Wang Li‐Na Zhao Ping‐Fan Rao 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(4):1026-1032
A polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from lotus seed was purified by the procedures including ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography. The apparent molecular mass was 38.6 kDa by SDS‐PAGE. Kinetic studies showed that the Km and Vmax values for catechol were 6.04 mm and 416.67 U, respectively. The PPO performed optimal activity in 20 °C and pH 7.0. The enzymatic activity could be mainly maintained up to 50 °C and pH 4.0–7.0. The activity could be inhibited by various inhibitors including thiourea, urea, sodium hydrogen sulphite, EDTA·2Na, SDS, citric acid, guanidine hydrochloride, ascorbic acid, sodium sulphite and sodium thiosulphate. The metal ions Ba2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ could inhibit the activity of PPO, while Cu2+ performed obvious enhancement. The enzymatic properties of PPO could probably provide practical application in inhibiting the PPO activity and preventing enzymatic browning in the process of picking, transportation, processing and storage of fresh lotus seeds. 相似文献
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目的 研究不同预处理对两种莲藕理化性质和微观结构影响的差异。方法 通过莲藕PME激活和灭活的条件, 结合钙离子作用, 确定了4种预处理方法, 考察不同预处理对两种莲藕相对硬度, 细胞壁各组分(WSF, NSF和CSF)含量以及微观结构的影响。结果 鄂莲1号(脆质藕)的相对硬度大于鄂莲8号(粉质藕); 相同预处理对两种莲藕的细胞壁各组分含量的影响不同; 40 ℃结合Ca2 浸泡预处理能使莲藕组织破碎程度降低, 保持细胞壁的完整性, 提高相对硬度。结论 细胞壁各组分的含量与组织完整性是决定莲藕硬度大小的关键因素, 不同预处理对两种莲藕理化性质和微观结构的影响也存在差异。 相似文献
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Yuji Honda Tetsuya Yamazaki Naoya Katsumi Naoko Fujita Kenji Matsumoto Masanori Okazaki Shoji Miwa 《Journal of Applied Glycoscience》2019,66(2):51
We investigated the physicochemical properties of starches extracted from 8 lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) rhizomes harvested in different months (September 2012 to May 2013). The physicochemical properties of the lotus starches depended on the harvest date. The peak viscosity (PV) in the Rapid Visco-Analyser analysis, and the viscosity at 65 °C (V65) in the rotational viscometer analysis were significantly lower in SEP starch (extracted from the September-harvested sample) than in the other lotus starches. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of potassium ion (K) content vs. V65 and of K content vs. PV were 0.905 and 0.714, respectively, indicating that potassium ions are important for expressing the pasting properties of lotus starch. Principal component analysis suggested that the potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus contents are important for displaying both the pasting and gelatinization properties of the lotus starches. Meanwhile, the cluster analysis revealed that physicochemical properties of the SEP starch were different from those of the starches harvested in other months. 相似文献
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本文以菱角、马蹄、慈姑、莲藕淀粉为原料,烹煮、质构、感官为指标,考察了淀粉对粉丝品质的影响。结果表明:烹煮特性中马蹄粉丝表现最好、各项指标均优于或接近于市售粉丝,慈姑粉丝和莲藕粉丝次之,菱角粉丝烹煮特性较差,低于市售粉丝水平;质构特征中粉丝硬度由大到小依次为,莲藕粉丝>菱角粉丝>马蹄粉丝>市售绿豆粉丝>市售豌豆粉丝>慈姑粉丝>市售红薯粉丝,可见马蹄粉丝、慈姑粉丝硬度适中,接近市售粉丝,而莲藕粉丝和菱角粉丝硬度过高,品质低于市售粉丝;感官评价中感官品质总分由大到小依次为,市售豌豆粉丝、市售绿豆粉丝>慈姑粉丝、马蹄粉丝>莲藕粉丝>市售红薯粉丝>菱角粉丝。总体来看,慈姑和马蹄淀粉的粉丝品质最好,是优质的粉丝来源,菱角和莲藕淀粉的粉丝品质较差,不适合单独做粉丝。 相似文献
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藕粉是由新鲜莲藕经过去皮、粉碎、匀浆、沉淀、洗涤等步骤加工而成, 美味可口, 营养价值丰富, 深受广大消费者的喜爱。但莲藕中淀粉含量却不高, 因此纯藕粉的价格显著高于其他淀粉。为了提高经济效益, 降低生产成本, 不良商家在藕粉中添加马铃薯、木薯淀粉等廉价淀粉以次充好, 导致市场上藕粉品质参差不齐。为了维护消费者的合法权益, 鉴定藕粉真伪, 近年来, 国内外对藕粉掺假检测已经发展了显微镜检测技术、红外检测技术、核酸检测技术、液相色谱-质谱联用检测技术等, 实现了藕粉掺假的准确定性以及定量检测。本文综述了藕粉掺假的主要检测技术并重点分析了各种检测手段的原理及优劣, 为开发更多准确、稳定、快速、廉价的藕粉掺假检测技术提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Tetsuya Yamazaki Naoya Katsumi Naoko Fujita Kenji Matsumoto Masanori Okazaki Shoji Miwa Yuji Honda 《Journal of Applied Glycoscience》2016,63(3):61
Abstract: We investigated the physicochemical properties of starches from rhizomes of two lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) cultivars, Shinashirobana cultivar and Kanasumi-line No. 20, harvested at the same farm in Japan. A rapid visco analyser analysis indicated that pasting temperatures of the starches from Shinashirobana cultivar and Kanasumi-line No. 20 were 62.1 and 66.5 °C, respectively, and the peak viscosities of the starch of both lotuses were similar 244 and 240 RVU, respectively. The starch from the Kanasumi-line No. 20 at 60 °C had low viscosity, 16.2 mPa∙s, but the starch from Shinashirobana cultivar had higher viscosity, 2,720 mPa∙s, at 60 °C. The onset and peak temperatures of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of the starch from Shinashirobana cultivar were 4–5 °C lower than those of the starch from Kanasumi-line No. 20, although both exhibited similar ΔH values (13.4 and 11.6 J/g). The distribution patterns of the branched chain lengths of amylopectin in the two starches indicated that the rate of low-degree of polymerization (DP 5–12) of all branched chains was higher for the starch from Shinashirobana cultivar than that for the starch from Kanasumi-line No. 20. These results suggest that the increased rate of DP 5−12 in the starch from Shinashirobana cultivar is related to the higher viscosity of the starch. 相似文献
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为探究多酚对莲藕淀粉和玉米淀粉性质的影响,将莲藕淀粉、玉米淀粉分别与藕节汁、儿茶素以及没食子儿茶素混合制备了淀粉多酚复合物。通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、快速黏度分析仪(RVA)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对复合物的物理化学性质进行了表征,同时使用体外消化模型评估了消化率。结果显示,莲藕淀粉和玉米淀粉对儿茶素的吸附量为4.22 mg/g和3.79 mg/g。多酚降低了淀粉的整体黏度,其中,儿茶素对玉米淀粉的峰值黏度影响最为显著,降低了14.61 %,且显著提高玉米淀粉颗粒的稳定性。FT-IR、XRD结果表明,在两种淀粉的老化过程中,藕节汁多酚可以显著降低其结晶度,并抑制两种淀粉的回生。莲藕淀粉和玉米淀粉的水解率均低于其淀粉-多酚复合物的水解率,其中儿茶素使莲藕淀粉的抗性淀粉含量增加了5.6%,藕节汁多酚使玉米淀粉的抗性淀粉含量增加了7.7%。 相似文献
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Xianqiang Chen;Shengkai Huang;Shoulei Yan;Jie Li; 《Journal of food science》2024,89(6):3554-3568
Lotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible mechanism of LRE blackening. Results indicated that the measurable total phenols contents in the mud treatment (MT) group were significantly reduced, and the total iron contents were significantly increased compared with the bruised treatment group (p < 0.05). The high-performance liquid chromatography results showed that the main polyphenols in LRE were dopa, gallocatechin, and catechin, as well as a small amount of catechol, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, and proanthocyanidin C1. Moreover, the results of color difference and ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy showed that there were obviously black or brown-gray of dopa (525 nm), gallocatechin (504.5 nm), and catechin (550 and 504.5 nm) with FeCl2. The simulated system treatment of LRE further confirmed that the chromaticity effect of dopa and iron in bruised LRE was similar to that of the MT group, whereas 1% (w/w) ascorbic acid, 2% (w/w) EDTA-2Na, or 3% (w/w) citric acid could solely prohibit the blackening. This suggested that the dopa in LRE and FeCl2 in mud may mainly combine into [2(DOPA-2H+)+Fe3+]− through non-covalent interaction, which leads to the blackening of bruised LRE under neutral conditions. These results can guide the storage of lotus rhizomes and improve the development of the lotus rhizome industry. 相似文献
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选择两种不同质地的莲藕作为材料,研究其碱溶性果胶(sodium carbonate-soluble pectin fraction,NSF)的热降解差异及其与流变的关系。对碳酸钠提取的NSF进行不同温度处理,通过一级结构和纳米微观结构观察和分析发现,沔城藕(粉藕)的NSF热降解程度大于芦林湖藕(脆藕);芦林湖藕NSF链呈星型状(长支链)而沔城藕NSF链大多呈短直链,两者经加热后均出现链长变短、链高降低、分支度减小的现象;流变学结果表明两种NSF的黏稠度经热处理后均明显降低,沔城藕的NSF假塑性略有增加而芦林湖藕NSF假塑性减小。结合结构分析与流变学结果分析得到果胶链的长度、高度与黏稠度呈正相关;分支度和不同长度的链长所占百分比(分子质量分布)是导致其假塑性不同的重要原因。因此,NSF的结构与流变学特性密切相关,同时也说明NSF的热降解差异与两种藕质地差异存在关联。本研究为NSF的热降解与果蔬质构(加工、成熟度)之间的关系提供了一定理论依据。 相似文献
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采用不同的杀菌温度对莲藕汁进行处理,研究其对色泽及相关化学物质含量的影响,并对两者进行相关性分析,确定色泽变化与物质种类及含量变化之间的关系。结果表明:用5种杀菌温度处理莲藕汁后,a*、b*、△E、A420nm值均增大,还原糖及5-羟甲基糠醛含量均升高,抗坏血酸、总酚、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸和脯氨酸含量均降低。相比于101,111℃和121℃杀菌,81℃和91℃杀菌对莲藕汁的颜色和化学物质影响较小。相关性分析表明:5-羟甲基糠醛、抗坏血酸和还原糖与色差△E和褐变度A420nm均呈极显著相关关系,其中5-羟甲基糠醛与色差的相关性最强,系数达到0.940,说明5-羟甲基糠醛是引起莲藕汁杀菌前、后颜色变化的主要因素。 相似文献
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以小米粉、莲子粉和小麦粉为原料,研究不同添加量的谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶以及不同加水量对莲子小米面条质构的影响。通过L9(34)正交试验、TPA全质构分析和感官评定,得出最优配方为:混合粉100 g,加水量为40 g,食盐2 g,食碱0.2 g,谷朊粉5 g,瓜尔豆胶0.1 g,黄原胶0.3 g。 相似文献
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醋酸和碳酸氢钠常被用作添加剂以调节果蔬的质地,然而在质地改善过程中其对莲藕营养品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究以蒸馏水为对照,使用0.1%醋酸(v/v)及0.1%碳酸氢钠(w/v)煮制莲藕,对其硬度、色泽、维生素C、总酚、消化等指标进行测定,并对碳酸氢钠处理后的莲藕风味成分进行分析。结果表明,醋酸处理可以显著提高莲藕的煮制硬度并使莲藕片始终保持较白的色泽,而碳酸氢钠处理后其煮制硬度显著降低,并呈红褐色。莲藕鲜样的总酚含量(约1300 μg/g)和VC含量(约0.3 mg/g)最高,加热处理会导致莲藕总酚和VC含量大幅下降,除醋酸处理组莲藕总酚含量(约900 μg/g)较高外,蒸馏水和碳酸氢钠处理组之间无显著性差异。碳酸氢钠处理会改变莲藕的消化吸收模式,导致胃消化液中的总碳水化合物水平较低(约300 g/L),而蒸馏水和醋酸处理组之间差异较小,但是在模拟肠消化中肠消化液中的总碳水化合水平依旧会升高。电子鼻和固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)结果显示构成莲藕风味的挥发性成分主要由二甲基硫、正辛醛、壬醛、葵醛组成,碳酸氢钠处理之后,莲藕的二甲基硫以及酯类化合物均有所增加。酸碱煮制对莲藕的硬度和色泽的影响相反,但未显著改变总酚和VC含量,醋酸代替蒸馏水烹煮不会显著改变体外胃肠消化模式,但碱煮会使碳水化合物的消化利用集中在肠消化阶段。碳酸氢钠煮制后产生的有机酸和酯类以及二甲基硫含量的升高形成碱煮莲藕的特殊风味。 相似文献
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Zhuang Zhuang Qiu Koo Bok Chin 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(4):2393-2401
The effects on physicochemical properties and shelf-life of regular-fat model sausages (RFMSs) added with oven-dried or freeze-dried lotus rhizome root powder (LRRP, ≤150 µm) at two different concentrations (0.5% or 1%) were investigated in this study. RFMSs added with LRRP showed decreased lightness (L*), reduced microbial counts, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), but increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hardness, and cohesiveness. The changes in L*, a*, and b* of RFMSs treated with 1% oven-dried LRRP were the largest. Furthermore, addition of 1% oven-dried LRRP to the RFMSs minimised the TBARS value and the microbial count. RFMSs treated with LRRP had a denser and more compact microstructure than RFMSs without LRRP based on low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy analysis. Therefore, LRRP improved the shelf-life of RFMSs, especially 1% oven-dried LRRP inhibited the maximum lipid oxidation and microbial growth. 相似文献
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王占一葛笑昆周婉梅孙晓梅邹晓彤向兰 《中国油脂》2020,45(4):51-55
以藕节多酚得率为评价指标,超声时间、超声温度、料液比和乙醇体积分数为影响因素,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken(BBD)试验设计优化藕节多酚的提取工艺条件,同时采用恒温箱热贮藏试验法研究藕节多酚的抗油脂氧化能力。结果表明:藕节多酚的最佳提取条件为超声时间34 min、超声温度50℃、料液比1∶20、乙醇体积分数70%,在此条件下藕节多酚得率为(7. 11±0. 14)%;藕节多酚能够明显减缓油脂过氧化值的升高趋势,对动植物油脂的自氧化均有明显的抑制作用,且具有一定的浓度依赖性。 相似文献
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为检测巴莲莲子生物碱提取物(alkaloids extracted from Ba lotus seed,AEBLS)对CCl_4诱导的小鼠肝损伤的预防作用,以732交换树脂分离纯化的AEBLS为研究对象,对小鼠灌胃低、高剂量(50、100 mg/(kg·d))AEBLS后注射2 m L/kg CCl_4诱导小鼠发生肝损伤,观察小鼠肝指数、血清指标和肝组织中相关m RNA表达的强度。结果显示,AEBLS可以降低肝损伤小鼠的肝质量和肝指数(P0.05);AEBLS可以下调肝损伤小鼠血清中的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、尿素氮、一氧化氮、丙二醛水平和上调白蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)水平(P0.05);同时AEBLS还可以下调肝损伤小鼠血清中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL?6)、IL?12、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)和γ-干扰素细胞因子水平(P0.05)。实时聚合酶链式反应也证实AEBLS能上调肝损伤小鼠肝组织中Mn-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、核因子κB抑制蛋白α的m RNA表达和下调核因子κB-p65、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶、环氧化酶-2、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的m RNA表达(P0.05)。由此可见,AEBLS对CCl_4引发的肝损伤有较好的预防作用,且效果接近药物水飞蓟素,具有较好的功能性作用。 相似文献