青海藜麦资源酚类物质及其抗氧化活性分析

为了明确青海藜麦资源酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性的差异,筛选出酚类物质和抗氧化活性高的藜麦资源,采用化学法分析了90份藜麦资源中游离酚类、结合酚类含量,通过DPPH·、ABTS+·清除力及FRAP铁还原力指标评价各组分的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:不同藜麦酚类物质含量均存在较大差异,且结合酚类物质含量差异较大,游离酚类物质含量相对较小,游离酚类和结合酚类物质在清除DPPH·、ABTS+·、FRAP方面存在明显差异,其中结合酚类具有较强的清除DPPH·、ABTS+·能力,分别达4732.56、3371.97 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g DW;游离酚类的FRAP还原能力相对较强,达1408.64 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g DW。白色、黄色藜麦的结合酚类物质清除DPPH·、ABTS+·能力显著高于红色藜麦,分别达4657.41、5065.66 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g DW,3532.37、3350.72 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g DW;红色藜麦的酚类物质FRAP铁还原力最强(3264.42 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g DW)。聚类分析表明,参试的大部分青海藜麦资源结合酚类物质含量较低,DPPH·、ABTS+·清除力较弱,但FRAP铁还原力较强,其中有6个藜麦资源的结合酚类物质含量最高,5个藜麦资源的抗氧化活性最强。此结果为功能性藜麦新品种的选育提供了优质资源和指导意义。     

Sourdough on quinoa and buckwheat gluten-free breads: Evaluation of autochthonous starter fermentation on bread nutritional and technological properties

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria as sourdough (SD) starters on gluten-free bread technological quality and in vitro starch hydrolysis and antioxidant activity. Two strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum isolated from buckwheat (BW) and quinoa flours were used. SDs were prepared from wholegrain quinoa or BW flours. Bread technological properties, total polyphenol content and in vitro antioxidant activity and starch hydrolysis and dialysability were assessed. Specific bread volumes were between 2.61 and 2.76 cm³ g⁻¹. Breads with quinoa-based SD had overall higher technological quality than breads made with BW SDs, shown by a softer, well-aerated crumb, with an opener crumb structure and larger air area. Crumb firming during storage was reduced up to 29% when quinoa SD was used, and up to 42% when BW SD was added. Quinoa breads showed higher polyphenols and FRAP values, whereas BW breads had significantly higher ABTS values. Total starch hydrolysis and dialysability were significantly reduced when SD was used. Starch hydrolysis was reduced up to 42% and 25% when quinoa and BW SD were used, respectively. SD application produced breads with higher technological quality and modified in vitro starch hydrolysis and antioxidant capacity. Even though these effects seemed to be influenced by pH, a biological effect was also observed.     

黑色小扁豆中不同结合态酚类含量、花青素组成及其抗氧化活性研究

黑色小扁豆因含有丰富的营养素、微量营养素和植物化学物成分而受到研究者的关注。为深入了解小扁豆的营养价值,对小扁豆中不同结合形态的酚类化合物含量及其抗氧化活性(亚铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力)进行测定。结果表明,黑色小扁豆中不同存在形式的酚类提取物含量差异显著。酯键合态酚类提取物中含有较高的酚酸含量(1.61 mg/g),碱水解结合态酚类提取物具有较高的黄酮含量(1.07 mg/g)及抗氧化活性【亚铁离子还原能力(43.80 mmol/g)、DPPH自由基清除能力(2.13 mg/g)、ABTS清除能力(3.92 mg/g)】。对黑色小扁豆中存在的花青素进行提取和分析鉴定,其含有的花青素主要为飞燕草-3-O-(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷)和矢车菊素衍生物。     

Anthocyanins,total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in amaranth and quinoa seeds and sprouts during their growth

Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic contents (TP) and anthocyanins contents (ANT) were determined in Amaranthus cruentus and Chenopodium quinoa seeds and sprouts. Antioxidant activity of the investigated seeds decreased in the following order: quinoa, amaranth v. Rawa, amaranth v. Aztek for FRAP and quinoa, amaranth v. Aztek, amaranth v. Rawa for both ABTS and DPPH. Sprouts activity depended on the length of their growth, and the peak values were reached on the fourth day in the case of amaranth and on the sixth day in the case of quinoa. The data obtained by the three methods showed significant correlation between TP content in seeds and sprouts. In sprouts grown in the daylight and in the darkness we observed some significant changes of TP, ANT and antioxidant activity. Amaranth and quinoa seeds and sprouts can be used in food, because it is a good source of ANT and TP with high antioxidant activity.     

酶制剂对藜麦酚类物质及馒头品质的影响

为探究酶制剂对藜麦馒头中酚类物质、馒头色泽、弹性和口感等品质的影响及其对营养功能的作用效果,试验以藜麦为原料,采用木聚糖酶、真菌淀粉酶、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶酶解后混合30%谷朊粉制作藜麦馒头,测定质构、游离酚、结合酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明：与对照组相比,酶处理的藜麦馒头物性数据均有所提升,其中真菌淀粉酶组的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性分别提高87%、8%、96%;木瓜蛋白酶组的硬度、弹性、黏聚性分别降低30%、20%、26%。在多酚含量方面的影响,木瓜蛋白酶组总酚含量提高99.23%,但果胶酶组结合多酚提高约32.67%。木聚糖酶组游离黄酮的含量增加25%,而结合黄酮含量降低17.98%。木瓜蛋白酶处理藜麦馒头的游离和总多酚提取物的DPPH自由基清除率分别增加96.67%、61.60%,而游离多酚铁离子还原能力增加32.30%。真菌淀粉酶增强藜麦馒头的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性,木瓜蛋白酶处理释放出更多的游离酚,木聚糖酶释放更多结合多酚,从而发挥抗氧化作用。     

Improving the nutritional and phytochemical compounds of a plant-based milk of sapucaia nut cake using block freeze concentration

The nutrient profile and the phytochemical composition of the sapucaia nut cake milk (SNCM) were evaluated after applying five consecutive stages of block freeze concentration (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5). The profile of phenolic compounds by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of SNCM were also determined. The freeze concentration increased proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, soluble solids (°Brix) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) in all stages and in the ice fractions obtained from C1, C2 and C3 stages. The antioxidant activity (ABTS) in C3, C4 and C5 fractions was highly significant (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity (FRAP) and the phenolic compounds (gallic, vanillic, ferulic, sinapic and salicylic acids, catechin, taxifolin and sinapaldehyde) increased significantly (P < 0.05) for all five fractions. The freeze concentration was successfully used for enriching the SNCM, generating a promising ingredient for the food industry.     

Response surface optimisation of germination conditions to improve the accumulation of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity in quinoa

Germination has been proposed as an economic approach to improve the content of bioactive compounds in pseudocereals. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the impact of germination conditions on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of quinoa. The use of desirability methodology showed that the optimum conditions to maximise the content of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity in sprouted quinoa were 20 °C for 42 h. Sprouts produced under these conditions exhibited increases of 80% and 30% in TPC and antioxidant activity, respectively, compared to un‐germinated seeds, and contained high γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration. The nonsignificant lack‐of‐fit and high determination coefficients obtained confirmed the suitability of the predictive models developed for TPC and antioxidant activity, whilst the one obtained for GABA was not significant (R² < 0.75) within the conditions studied. Sprouting under optimum conditions enhanced the content of both flavonoid and nonflavonoid compounds, being the increase in flavonoids more pronounced. Kaempferol‐O‐dirhamnosyl‐galactopyranose and quercetin‐O‐glucuronide were the compounds that experienced the most noticeable increase in quinoa after germination. In conclusion, this study provides useful information on the optimum germination conditions to improve the levels of health‐promoting compounds in quinoa.     

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacities of 10 Common Edible Flowers from China

The free and bound phenolic compounds in 10 common Chinese edible flowers were investigated using reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity, 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). Free factions were more prominent in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than bound fractions. Paeonia suffruticosa and Flos lonicerae showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) 235.5 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g of dry weight and total flavonoid content 89.38 mg rutin equivalents/g of dry weight. The major phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. P. suffruticosa had the highest antioxidant capacity in the DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays, which were 1028, 2065, 990 μmol Trolox equivalents/g of dry weight, respectively, whereas Rosa chinensis had the highest FRAP value (2645 μmol Fe²⁺ equivalents /g of dry weight). The P. suffruticosa soluble phenolics had the highest CAA, with the median effective dose (EC₅₀) 26.7 and 153 μmol quercetin equivalents/100 g of dry weight in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and no PBS wash protocol, respectively. TPC was strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity (R = 0.8443 to 0.9978, P < 0.01), which indicated that phenolics were the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers.     

Effect of roasting conditions on the antioxidant compounds of quinoa seeds

The effect of different roasting conditions on the antioxidant properties and the phenolic content of quinoa seeds was studied. Advanced and final products of the Maillard reaction were also quantified in order to evaluate the contribution to DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of samples. In general, response surface analysis showed significant increases in the phenolic content, the antioxidant activity and the level of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), mainly as processing temperature increased, while roasting time had a minor impact on these response variables. The highest antioxidant activity was achieved in extracts of quinoa seeds roasted at 190 °C for 30 min. Principal component analysis applied to the data suggested that MRPs had a greater contribution to antioxidant properties than phenolic compounds in the processed samples. These results demonstrated that roasted quinoa seeds/flour may be considered as a nontraditional ingredient with enhanced antioxidant capacity for the production of functional foods.     

溶剂提取对青稞中不同形态多酚组成及抗氧化活性的影响

为研究不同极性溶剂对青稞全谷物中不同形态酚类化合物含量、组成及抗氧化性的影响,建立适宜于青稞全谷物中多酚提取的方法。以4?个不同品种青稞为原料,比较4?种不同溶剂及酸法、碱法分别对青稞中游离酚和结合酚含量、组成与抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,所有提取试剂中80%丙酮溶液提取的游离态总酚含量（139.79～235.96?mg/100?g）及总黄酮含量（9.88～15.52?mg/100?g）最高,酸法提取的青稞结合态总酚含量是碱法的1.9～3.1?倍,结合态黄酮含量是碱法的1.3～2.9?倍;80%丙酮溶液提取物中检测到8～18?种青稞游离酚类化合物,且酚类化合物含量显著高于其他溶剂,绿原酸、苯甲酸、儿茶素、槲皮素、芦丁是其主要的游离酚类化合物。与碱法相比,酸法能释放出更多的结合酚类化合物类型及含量,没食子酸、p-香豆酸、丁香酸、苯甲酸、藜芦酸、橙皮苷是其主要的结合酚类化合物;参试青稞80%丙酮溶液提取物显示出最高的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力（852.56～1?484.18?μmol/100?g）,2,2’-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS）自由基清除能力（358.93～518.09?μmol/100?g）及铁离子还原能力（ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP）（1?250.55～2?041.16?μmol/100?g）。酸法水解参试青稞结合酚DPPH自由基清除能力、FRAP、ABTS＋?清除能力分别是碱法水解的7.6～10.3、1.2～1.8?倍和1.1～1.3?倍。因此,80%丙酮溶剂和酸法分别是青稞中游离酚与结合酚的适宜提取溶剂,且本研究表明青稞全谷物中富含丰富的酚类物质,是一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂来源。     

Total phenolic and total flavonoid content,antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of pseudocereal breads

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding (in two different doses 15% and 30%) pseudocereal (buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa) flour on the antioxidant properties and sensory value of breads. Buckwheat flour had the highest phenolic content (7.25 ± 0.23 mg/g dw). The content of total flavonoids in flours was about 2–4 fold higher when compared to breads. The addition of buckwheat flour to wheat bread, particularly in higher dose, was more effective in enhancing antioxidant activity, as evaluated by means of FRAP and DPPH, which increased by 2.36 fold, and 3.64 fold respectively, in comparison with other pseudocereal flours (amaranth, quinoa), which caused, in higher doses, the changes of above parameters within the ranges 1.20–1.79 fold, and 0.60–1.71 fold. Analysis of sensory results of breads showed that addition of buckwheat flour to the dough might improve subjective properties of bread and increase acceptable quality attributes such as taste, colour or odour. All these observations suggest that addition of buckwheat flour into bread can improve antioxidant as well as sensory properties of bread. Bread fortified with pseudocereal flours, and especially with buckwheat flour, may be placed on the market as a functional food.     

四种豆类中多酚、类黄酮含量及抗氧化活性研究

对豇豆、红小豆、绿豆和蚕豆4种豆类中游离态和结合态的多酚及类黄酮的含量进行测定,并比较了其体外抗氧化活性。数据表明,4种不同豆类的游离态多酚和结合态多酚含量范围分别为1.35～1.75 mg/g和8.63～10.11 mg/g;游离态类黄酮和结合态类黄酮含量范围分别为1.58～2.07 mg/g和3.92～5.08 mg/g;其中结合态多酚含量是游离态多酚的5倍以上,结合态类黄酮含量是游离态的2倍以上。4种豆类游离态和结合态提取物均具有良好的抗氧化活性,其中游离态提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力明显高于结合态,而结合态对FRAP、ABTS、O2-自由基的清除能力明显高于游离态。豆类中含有丰富的酚类、类黄酮等物质,并且主要以结合态形式存在,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp of different cultivars cultivated in Southern China

The phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp of 13 varieties were investigated. The free, bound and total phenolic contents were 66.17–226.03, 11.18–40.54, and 101.51–259.18 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. The free, bound and total flavonoid contents were 16.68–110.33, 10.48–22.75, and 39.43–129.86 mg of catechin equivalents/100 g, respectively. Free phenolics and flavonoids contributed averagely 80.1% and 75% to their total contents, respectively. Six individual phenolics (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, caffeic acid, (?)-epicatechin, and rutin) were detected in litchi pulp by HPLC. The contents of each compound in free and bound fractions were determined. Significant varietal discrepancy in antioxidant activity was also found by FRAP and DPPH scavenging capacity methods. Antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid contents. Thus, phenolics and flavonoids exist mainly in the free form in litchi pulp. There were significant varietal differences in phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp.     

Comparison of microwave and high-pressure processing on bound phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of sorghum hull

The influence of microwave boiling (MB treated 5, 10 and 15 s was abbreviated as MB5, MB10 and MB15, respectively) and high-pressure boiling (HB processed 10, 20 and 30 min was denoted as HB10, HB20 and HB30, respectively) processing on the composition and content of bound phenolic substances of sorghum hull and their antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Nine bound phenolic profiles were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, including syringic acid, veratric acid, p-hydroxybenzonic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic alcohol, ascorbic acid, prenylnaringenin and luteolin. Compared with traditional hot water processing (HP treated 10, 30 and 50 min was abbreviated as HP10, HP30 and HP50, respectively), the content of free procyanidins and total phenolics of sorghum hull treated with HB increased by 35.92–58.87% and 6.20–18.70%, respectively. Sorghum hull treated with HB20 possessed the highest ABTS (ABTS radical scavenging capacity) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) among all treatment groups.     

Antioxidant Activity of Free and Bound Compounds in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds in Comparison with Durum Wheat and Emmer

Abstract: Antioxidant activity (AA) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds, as well as of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) and of emmer (T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccum Schübler) grains, was evaluated by studying hydrophilic (H), lipophilic (L), free‐soluble (FSP) and insoluble‐bound (IBP) phenolic extracts using the new lipoxygenase/4‐nitroso‐N,N‐dimethylaniline (LOX/RNO) method, able to simultaneously detect different antioxidant mechanisms, as well as using the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays, which measure the scavenging activity against peroxyl and ABTS [2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate)] radicals, respectively. The species under study were compared with respect to the sum of AA values of H, L and FSP extracts (AA_H+L+FSP), containing freely solvent‐soluble antioxidants, and AA values of IBP extracts (AA_IBP), representing the phenolic fraction ester‐linked to insoluble cell wall polymers. The LOX/RNO and ORAC methods measured in quinoa flour a remarkable AA_H+L+FSP higher than durum wheat, although lower than emmer; according to the same assays, the IBP component of quinoa resulted less active than the durum wheat and emmer ones. The TEAC protocol also revealed a high AA_H+L+FSP for quinoa. Interestingly, the ratio AA_H+L+FSP/AA_H+L+FSP+IBP, as evaluated by the LOX/RNO and ORAC assays, resulted in quinoa higher than that of both durum wheat and emmer, and much higher than durum wheat, according to the TEAC protocol. This may suggest that antioxidants from quinoa seeds may be more readily accessible with respect to that of both the examined wheat species. Practical Applications: Quinoa seeds may represent an excellent source of natural antioxidant compounds and, in particular, of the free‐soluble antioxidant fraction. These compounds may improve nutritive and health‐beneficial properties of quinoa‐based gluten‐free products, thus expanding interest for quinoa utilization from celiac patients to the general population.     

藜麦可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

为推广藜麦的食用和加大藜麦深加工食品的开发,采用超声波辅助酶法提取藜麦可溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验基础上结合响应面法,优化提取工艺并对提取的藜麦可溶性膳食纤维进行抗氧化活性研究.结果显示,藜麦可溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶10,酶添加量0.70％,酶解pH为5.10,酶解温度51℃,酶解时间60min,超声...     

藜麦全谷物粉对馕抗氧化性影响的研究

目的 为提高馕的抗氧化物质的含量和提高其抗氧化特性, 方法 通过添加不同量的杂粮谷物粉以增加馕的抗氧化物质的含量和提高其抗氧化特性,在单因素实验的基础,利用Box-Behnken试验优化馕的口感得分制备条件。结果 馕的最优工艺为藜麦全谷物粉添加10.34%、高粱粉添加11.41%、小米粉添加9.97%、酵母使用量为0.96%、水分加入量为51.81%、发酵时间为85.94 min, 在此条件下制备的复合谷物粉馕的感官评价平均得分为80.43, 黄酮含量为1.2 mg/g、多酚含量为61.26 mg/g, 分别比纯小麦粉馕的感官得分、黄酮和多酚含量提高了3.4%、9.1%和16.46%; DPPH●自由基清除率平均值为58.83%, ABTS●+自由基清除率平均值为51.58%, 还原力平均值为10.67 mg/g, 分别比纯小麦粉馕的DPPH●、ABTS●+自由基清除率和还原力提高了22.05%、15.39%和10%。结论 以藜麦全谷物粉、高粱粉和小米粉混粉制备馕, 可以显著提高其黄酮含量、多酚含量及其抗氧化性能。     

Optimised methodology for the extraction of protein from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa is a highly appreciated Andean pseudo‐cereal and has sparked attention worldwide due to its excellent nutritional value. The protein extraction parameters for defatted quinoa seed meal (DQSM) were optimised in this study. Initially, a Plackett–Burman design was applied to screen the factors displaying a potential effect on the quinoa protein extraction yield (Y %, g soluble protein/100 g total protein) being the main evaluated factors: pH, NaCl concentration, time, temperature, solvent type, particle size and solvent/meal ratio. Four main factors: temperature, solvent/meal ratio, pH and time selected from the screening step were optimised with a central composed design (CCD). The obtained response surface model (RSM) produced a satisfactory fitting of the results (R² = 0.9308). Optimal quinoa protein extraction conditions of 36.2 °C, solvent/meal ratio of 19.6/1 (v/w) and 90 min resulted in a protein yield of 62.1% (9.06 g of protein/100 g DQSM) which closely agree with the predicted value of 62.5%.The model was experimentally validated by extracting the quinoa protein using the optimal conditions revealed by RSM. The optimised conditions could be successfully employed in the design process of protein extraction from quinoa seed meal to obtain optimal yields.     

藜麦糠皮皂苷脱除技术进展

藜麦皂苷属于齐墩果烷型五环三萜化合物，具有广泛的生理和药理活性，可以发挥抗炎、抗菌、抗螺、抗氧化、免疫调节以及提高皮肤渗透性等作用，在食品、药品和化妆品等行业有着重要的商业用途。藜麦糠皮是藜麦加工的副产物，由于皂苷含量高而无法在食品领域得到合理利用。截至目前，尚缺乏高效脱除藜麦糠皮皂苷的技术手段，因此，研究藜麦糠皮皂素的脱除具有重要的应用价值。本文总结了超高压脱除、超声波辅助脱除、微波辅助脱除、生物酶辅助脱除、双水相脱除、丙酮溶液脱除、超临界CO2脱除、离子液体脱除及低共熔溶剂脱除藜麦皂苷的技术特点，并结合作者的实践经验对原料预处理以及如何选择溶剂、温度和料液比等工艺参数进行分析，提出了改进建议。本综述对完善藜麦皂苷脱除技术、提高藜麦糠皮的综合利用效率具有重要的参考价值。     

固态发酵对藜麦营养成分、酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响

为筛选可改善藜麦营养成分,提高酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的固态发酵适宜菌种,为藜麦产品的开发提供理论依据,本文利用植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、米根霉、米曲霉和好食脉胞菌对藜麦进行了30和48 h的单菌和混菌固态发酵,分析测定了不同菌种固态发酵对藜麦基本营养成分、酚类物质组成及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,固态发酵后,藜麦中淀粉含量由54.61%降至最低为39.32%,不可溶性膳食纤维含量由2.32%降至最低为0.26%,可溶性膳食纤维含量由2.58%升至最高为4.38%。随发酵时间由30 h延长至48 h,藜麦中游离态多酚和黄酮含量分别是未发酵的1.72和1.72倍,结合态多酚和黄酮含量分别是未发酵的2.88和1.84倍。固态发酵后,虽然游离酚粗提液的抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力有所下降,而藜麦结合酚粗提液的抗氧化能力、DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力明显升高（P<0.05）。综上,采用多个菌种混合固态发酵48 h时,藜麦酚类物质的抗氧化活性提高更加明显,其中,植酸乳杆菌、酵母菌、好食脉孢菌混合发酵48 h后,藜麦抗氧化活性较高,是最佳的固态发酵菌种组合。