雪莲果低聚果糖粗提液除杂工艺的研究

选用石灰乳-磷酸法对低聚果糖粗提液进行除杂,石灰乳-磷酸法除杂的最佳工艺条件按工艺目的可分为2种:石灰乳调后的pH值11.5,加入石灰乳后的温度40℃,磷酸调后的pH值7,加入磷酸后的温度80℃,除杂效果好,色值可达到0.581;石灰乳调后的pH值11,加入石灰乳后的温度40℃,磷酸调后的pH值7,加入磷酸后的温度90℃,低聚果糖损失率低,仅为5.45%。     

Dependence of fructooligosaccharide content on activity of fructooligosaccharide-metabolizing enzymes in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuberous roots during storage

ABSTRACT:  Tuberous roots of yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius ) accumulate about 10%, on a fresh weight basis, of inulin-type fructooligosacharides (FOSs), known as a food ingredient with various healthy benefits. However, we have a great difficulty to ensure these benefits because FOSs with a lower degree of polymerization (DP) decreased remarkably, and fructose increased when the tuberous roots were stored after harvesting even under previously recommended storage conditions of low temperature with high humidity. In the present study, to elucidate the involvement of FOS-metabolizing enzymes in FOS reduction during storage at 90% relative humidity and 8°C, we extracted a crude protein from yacon tuberous roots and measured the activities of invertase (β-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26), sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST, EC 2.4.1.99), fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT, EC 2.4.1.100), and fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH, EC 3.2.1.80). The enzyme activities acting on sucrose, both invertase and 1-SST, were weakened after storage for a month. In addition, the activity of 1-FEH acting on short FOSs such as 1-kestose (GF₂) and 1-nystose (GF₃) was higher than that of 1-FFT. These results suggest that the continuous decline in FOSs of low DP during storage was dependent mainly on the 1-FEH activity. On the other hand, FOSs with a DP of ≥ 9 only slightly decreased in stored yacon tuberous roots during storage, though distinct 1-FEH activity was observed in vitro toward a high-DP inulin-type substrate, indicating that highly polymerized FOSs content was unlikely to be closely connected with the 1-FEH activity.     

Study of total fructan and fructooligosaccharide content in different onion tissues

The objective of this work was to determine the fructan and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) content of different onion tissues in order to evaluate the potential use of onion by‐products from the food industry as a source of FOS and fructans. Assays with two methods were carried out to optimise the extraction procedure. The main FOS, namely kestose (GF₂), nystose (GF₃) and fructofuranosylnystose (GF₄), were measured directly using standard sugars. The method for total fructans was based on enzymatic treatment (Novozym 230) of ethanolic/aqueous extract followed by determination of released fructose and glucose by HPLC. Data showed a clear predominance of GF₂ in every onion tissue and no occurrence of highly polymerised fructans. The tissues richest in fructans were the fleshy layers, so that the outer two fleshy layers turn out to be the best onion by‐product as a possible fructan source. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

雪莲果植物乳杆菌发酵饮料的研制

为开发一款特色雪莲果植物发酵饮料,研究以雪莲果为原料,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）BNCC194165为发酵菌种,利用单因素试验考察蔗糖添加量、稳定剂添加量、菌种接种量和发酵时间对雪莲果植物乳杆菌饮料感官评分、总酸的影响,通过Plackett-Burman试验及响应面试验优化雪莲果植物乳杆菌发酵工艺条件,并检测其理化指标和微生物指标。结果表明,最优雪莲果植物乳杆菌发酵饮料发酵工艺为蔗糖添加量8%、阿拉伯胶添加量0.6%、植物乳杆菌BNCC194165接种量1%、37℃发酵14 h,在此优化发酵工艺条件下,产品色泽鲜艳明亮,酸甜适中,清新爽口,组织状态均匀稳定,具有典型的雪莲果清香,感官评分达到最高（87.42±0.32）分。该产品的研发对延伸雪莲果产业链、丰富特色果蔬发酵饮料品类具有一定的意义。     

雪莲果发酵乳的研制

以雪莲果和奶粉为主原料,研制雪莲果发酵乳.采用正交试验筛选出最优组合,结果表明,当雪莲果果浆含量为10%、蔗糖添加量为6%、接种量为5%、发酵时间为4h时可获得最佳品质的雪莲果发酵乳:为保证雪莲果发酵乳的良好胶凝性,对增稠剂配方进行了对比试验,确定出最佳增稠剂配方为0.2%琼脂和0.2%羧甲基纤维素钠的混合物.     

Dried strawberries as a high nutritional value fruit snack

The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of using a chokeberry juice concentrate as a component of osmotic solution and convection-microwave-vacuum drying applying to obtain dried pro-health-promoting strawberries. The research material was Honeoye strawberries, which were dehydrated in sucrose and sucrose with chokeberry juice concentrate addition, and then subjected to microwave-convection-vacuum or freeze-drying. Analyses were conducted to determine the influence of the applied processes on vitamin C content, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties in dried fruit. Study results confirmed the possibility of using a chokeberry juice concentrate as a component of the osmotic solution, especially with regard to polyphenolics content and antioxidant activity. In addition, convection-microwave-vacuum drying was shown to be a promising technology for the production of dried strawberries, with high pro-health potential and acceptable sensory qualities.     

雪莲果功能性饮料的制备研究

目的调配一种具有甜爽口感、良好保健作用,同时能够防止褐变的功能性饮料。方法以云南雪莲果为原料,对提取、调配及防褐变等工艺进行研究,包括正交试验对配制工艺进行优化和对成品的感官评定,以得到最佳配方和护色条件。结果确定护色液配方为:维生素C 0.4%,柠檬酸0.4%,浸泡时间30 min,饮料配方为:雪莲果提取液40%,白砂糖12%,柠檬酸0.1%,木糖醇4%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.1%,黄原胶0.05%。在此配方和护色条件下饮料色泽和功效较好,20℃室温下可保持6个月。结论由上述配方和护色条件下制得的雪莲果功能性饮料,口感爽甜,色泽纯正无褐变,饮料品质较好。     

富含γ-氨基丁酸清酒酒曲的研究

以筛选出的霉菌和大米为原料制作富含γ-氨基丁酸同时具有较高糖化酶活力的清酒酒曲。通过筛选确定了米曲霉3.800和尚志长香米为最佳组合,并对其酒曲产γ-氨基丁酸条件进行了优化。最终结果为将大米浸泡在含有7.5mg/mL VC和2.0mg/mL L-谷氨酸钠水溶液中一夜后蒸熟,然后将30℃下培养6d的米曲霉3.800以40mg/100g蒸米的接种量接种到蒸米中制作酒曲,酒曲采用变温培养,即在30℃培养20h,32℃培养4h,35℃培养14h,38℃培养8h,以此得到的酒曲中γ-氨基丁酸含量为6.936mg/g酒曲,清酒中含量为0.439mg/mL。     

雪莲果保健冰淇淋的研制

以雪莲果为原料制取雪莲果浆汁,配以其他辅料研制成具有保健功能的冰淇淋。通过正交试验,确定出雪莲果保健冰淇淋的最佳配方。最佳配方为:添加20%雪莲果浆汁、11%蔗糖、10%奶油、12%奶粉。试验还确定出添加0.15%的抗坏血酸可对雪莲果保健冰淇淋有较为理想的护色效果。     

雪莲果饮料稳定性的探讨

研究了新型保健雪莲果膳食纤维饮料的稳定性。对影响雪莲果饮料品质的几个主要因素进行了较为深入的探讨,提出了生产膳食纤维饮料的最佳工艺条件。     

低聚果糖制备的研究进展

对近年来国内外生产低聚果糖所用的酶和产酶菌种 ,酶、细胞和菌丝体的固定化技术 ,固定化载体及高纯度低聚果糖制备的研究进展进行了综述 .在此基础上指出 :在低聚果糖的制备过程中 ,主要应考虑降低生产低聚果糖时的葡萄糖生成量、寻找高酶活力菌株、研究简便的固定化方法、寻找更加适宜且廉价的固定化载体 .     

雪莲果汁饮料加工技术

以雪莲果为原料,采用热烫和添加防祸变剂技术制取雪莲果汁,并提出了生产雪莲果汁时应注意的工艺要点。     

富含核糖核酸酿酒酵母的选育及其高密度发酵工艺

该研究首先以酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）J-5为出发菌株进行诱变选育,筛选出一株核糖核酸（RNA）含量优于菌株J-5的诱变菌株J-5-9,其RNA含量在摇瓶中达到了13.12%,比出发菌株提高了10.62%。选取糖蜜为碳源,应用正交试验优化菌株J-5-9发酵培养基组成为：糖蜜3%,酵母浸粉2%,磷酸二氢钾0.01%,谷氨酸钠0.2%,硫酸亚铁0.1%。最后利用优化发酵培养基和碳源、氮源和磷源的流加补料工艺,在10 L发酵罐中培养诱变菌株J-5-9,RNA含量达到8.11%,比优化前提高了18.22%,同时细胞生物量达到188 g/L（湿质量）,实现了酿酒酵母高产RNA的高密度发酵。这说明诱变菌株J-5-9是一株很有潜力的工业化生产菌株。     

雪莲果汁澄清剂比较研究

为得到澄清的雪莲果汁,对5种澄清剂在雪莲果汁中的澄清效果进行了比较研究,通过比较果汁透光率、吸光度的变化,确定雪莲果汁适宜的澄清剂。试验结果表明：壳聚糖、明胶、果胶酶、单宁、硅藻土对雪莲果汁均有一定的澄清效果。其中,壳聚糖的澄清作用时间最短,澄清效果明显优于其它几种澄清剂,且对果汁品质无明显影响,其最适添加量为0.72g/L;明胶的适宜用量为1.44g/L,果胶酶为0.20g/L,单宁为0.96g/L,硅藻土为0.24g/L,这4种澄清剂的澄清效果差异并不显著。壳聚糖为雪莲果汁适宜的澄清剂。     

雪莲果露型黄酒的研发

以雪莲果和双粮(粳米和糯米)为主要原料,在嘉兴喂饭黄酒传统发酵的工艺基础上,以制淋饭酒母、米曲,复合酶为糖化剂,共同参与糖化发酵,并在压榨分离清酒中加入益生元低聚异麦芽糖,通过科学的品评、组合和调味,研发出一种新颖的雪莲果清爽型果露黄酒.     

低含量PcBN复合片在高温高压下的合成

通过不同铝含量（10vol%,15vol%,20vol%,25vol%30vol%）在Al-TiN-cBN体系下高温高压合成低含量PcBN复合片并研究其性能。通过XRD发现生成了TiB2、AlN、Al2O3三种物相,随着铝含量的增多,新生相AlN、Al2O3的含量逐渐增多。通过硬度检测和弯曲试验发现：由于AlN和Al2O3相的增多,相对降低了cBN的含量,显微硬度值也随着铝含量的增多而逐渐降低;而由于铝的催化效果,随着铝含量的增多（10vol%~20vol%）,强的cBN-cBN键就逐渐增多,增强了其韧性,再增加铝的含量（25vol%~30vol%））韧性反而降低。切削试验发现,铝含量为20vol%时候,切削效果最佳。这是PcBN复合片显微硬度和抗弯强度的一种综合体现。     

流加法发酵生产较高酒精度蜂蜜酒

为生产较高酒精度的纯发酵蜂蜜酒,对流加法发酵蜂蜜酒的工艺进行了研究。以市售天然纯蜂蜜为主要原料,经稀释、巴氏灭菌、调整发酵液成分后,采用活性干酵母混合发酵,得到了酒精度较高,口感、色泽、风味都较好的纯发酵蜂蜜酒。通过正交试验确定其最佳工艺参数为:酵母菌接种量1.2‰,分别在发酵第5d、6d共流加蜂蜜20mL,发酵14d得到16.8%vol以上的蜂蜜酒。