Modulation of angiogenesis by dietary phytoconstituents in the prevention and intervention of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women in the United States and the rest of the world. About 8% of women develop breast cancer during the course of their lives. Dietary habits are closely associated with both the risk and progression of breast cancer. Dietary agents have accumulated increasing importance with regards to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. One such manner by which these compounds can target breast cancer development and progression is through interference with the angiogenic pathways. Angiogenesis is an intricate process that involves the development of new capillaries from previously existing blood vessels. Disruption of this pathway, therefore, provides a novel and effective avenue for therapeutic intervention of breast cancer. Various phytochemicals found in the diet kill breast cancer cells in vitro and prevent as well as suppress breast cancer progression in various preclinical animal models. This review examines the value of dietary phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer through modulation of the intricate and complex process of angiogenesis. In addition, the potential benefits, challenges, and future directions of research on anti-angiogenic dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and intervention of breast cancer are also addressed.     

Analysis of carbohydrates in seven edible fruits of Bangladesh

Dry matter, ash, lignin, starch and soluble and insoluble dietary fibre contents of the edible parts of seven fruits of Bangladesh were determined. Analysis of the low molecular weight carbohydrates showed that all the fiuits, except lukluki and hogplum, contained substantial amounts of these materials of which glucose and fiuctose were the main components. The main constituent of the polysaccharides in all the fruits was glucose. The dietary fibre contents of the dry fruits ranged from 29% to 79%. Lukluki has by far the best combination of low fiee sugars and high dietary fibre, and pineapple the worst.     

基于分子对接和网络药理学探讨金银花防治新型冠状病毒肺炎潜在作用机制

目的基于分子对接和网络药理学探讨金银花防治新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)的潜在作用机制。方法利用AutoDock Vina将金银花中14种化学成分与新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2,SARS-CoV-2)S蛋白受体结合结构域与血管紧张素转化酶II(angiotensin Iconvertin genzyme2,ACE2)蛋白酶结构域复合物(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 receptor,SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-ACE2)进行分子对接。利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, TCMSP)获取上述14种化学成分的作用靶点,使用GeneCards及美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI)数据库获取COVID-19靶点,将药物与疾病交集靶点导入Cytoscape 3.7.0软件建立药物-化学成分-靶点-疾病网络,导入STRING数据库获取靶点蛋白质相互作用(protein protein interaction, PPI)网络,导入Bioconductor进行基因本体(geneontology,GO)功能注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。结果分子对接结果显示金银花中14种化学成分与SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-ACE2均有较好的结合活性,其中12种成分结合活性优于诊疗方案中4种COVID-19治疗药物;网络药理学结果显示金银花8种成分可通过干预46个靶点、149条通路发挥防治COVID-19的作用。结论金银花中多种化学成分可能通过与SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-ACE2结合,影响复合物的稳定性,从而发挥治疗COVID-19的作用。金银花治疗COVID-19具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的特点,对COVID-19引起的免疫系统紊乱、炎症等具有潜在的治疗作用,研究结果可为金银花防治COVID-19作用机制提供一定的理论基础与科学依据。     

新冠疫情背景下纺织产业科技转型策略研究

在新冠疫情背景下,针对我国纺织产业在科技发展方面存在的问题,提出了纺织产业科技转型的有效策略——"一个中心、三个重点",即以科技创新能力建设为中心,以推动产业转型升级、加快智能化建设和加快可持续发展为重点.     

几种常见猪肉病毒病、寄生虫病的特点和预防

猪肉及其产品不但能传染给人细菌病,而且还能传染病毒病,侵袭寄生虫病和螺旋体病,引起不同症状,加强检疫尤其重要。     

Recent advances in modified atmosphere packaging and edible coatings to maintain quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables

Processing of fruits and vegetables generates physiological stresses in the still living cut tissue, leading to quality deterioration and shorter shelf life as compared with fresh intact produces. Several strategies can be implemented with the aim to reduce the rate of deterioration of fresh-cut commodities. Such strategies include low temperature maintenance from harvest to retail and the application of physical and chemical treatments such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with low O₂ and high CO₂ levels and antioxidant dips. Other technologies such as edible coatings with natural additives, new generation of coatings using nanotechnological solutions such as nanoparticles, nanoencapsulation, and multilayered systems, and nonconventional atmospheres such as the use of pressurized inert/noble gases and high levels of O₂ have gained a lot of interest as a possibility to extend the shelf life of minimally processed fruits and vegetables. However, the high perishability of these products challenges in many cases their marketability by not achieving sufficient shelf life to survive the distribution system, requiring the combination of treatments to assure safety and quality. This review reports the recent advances in the use of MAP, edible coatings, and the combined effect of both technologies to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.     

Establishment and optimization of monoclonal antibody-based heterologous dcELISA for 19-nortestosterone residue in bovine edible tissue

Abstract: This paper presents the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity against 19‐nortestosterone (NT) through cell fusion procedures, and the development of mAb‐based heterologous direct competitive enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (dcELISA) methods to detect NT residue using one of these hybridomas (clone 3B8‐E6). Under optimal experimental conditions, this assay exhibited a working range of 0.004 to 19 ng/mL with IC₅₀ and limit of detection values of 0.28 and 0.002 ng/mL, respectively, when it was run in 0.01M phosphate‐buffered saline (pH 7.4). Except for minor cross‐reactivity with β‐boldenone (6.9%) and trenbolone (1.2%), other interference to the assay was negligible (<0.05%). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found for IC₅₀ values when the pH of the assay buffer ranged from 6 to 8 and phosphate ion concentration was less than 20 mM. The dcELISA can tolerate higher concentrations of methanol than other organic solvents tested. When applied to bovine sample, the correlation coefficients (R) of the dcELISA and GC‐MS data were 0.9918 in muscle, 0.9834 in liver, and 0.9976 in kidney. Therefore, this assay has the potential to be incorporated into a quantitative monitoring program for the rapid screening of NT residue in food.     

免疫营养在COVID-19综合治疗中的辅助作用与应用前景

当前,由新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行已在全球蔓延。除了隔离之外,迫切需要采取能够降低感染和死亡风险的公共卫生措施。营养不良和导致患者免疫功能低下的各种非传染性基础疾病(如肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)是重症COVID-19的重要危险因素。应用免疫营养手段,补充具有药理学作用的特殊营养素,以特定方式刺激免疫细胞,增强免疫应答功能,维持适度的免疫反应,调整细胞因子的产生和释放,减轻有害或过度炎症反应,对COVID-19患者预后具有积极意义。本文就维生素、矿物元素、多不饱和脂肪酸、膳食纤维等免疫营养素在降低呼吸道感染风险中的作用,以及免疫营养在COVID-19中应用现状做一综述,以期为免疫营养在COVID-19综合治疗中的辅助作用提供可靠参考依据。     

COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey of future use of personal protective equipment in optometric practice

PurposeThe aim of this project was to evaluate which personal protective equipment (PPE) eye care practitioners (ECP) will use during the next months and also what they will ask the patient to use in clinical practice.MethodsA social-media survey was carried out, asking 257 optometrists and opticians in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (i) which PPE they intended to use in the future (after lockdown and before herd immunity and / or vaccine availability) and (ii) what they would ask the patient to do in terms of this.Results75 % of the ECPs planned on wearing masks during refractions and 69 % when fitting contact lens. 62 % of the ECPs also expected their patients to wear masks in these tasks. This number is higher than for distance tasks such as fitting frames. Around 90 % of the ECPs would, in addition to hand washing, disinfect their hands and around 80 % expected their patients to do so too. Less than one third of ECPs favoured wearing safety spectacles, gloves and / or protective facial shields. 73 % planed on disinfecting frames after they would have been tried on by customers.ConclusionsIn summary, most ECPs planed on continuing to use higher standards of PPE. Those, who intended to wear masks themselves, would ask their patients to also do so, combined with hand disinfection.     

The impact of COVID-19 on soft contact lens wear in established European and US markets

PurposeTo characterise changes in soft contact lens wearing habits during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA detailed online questionnaire was circulated to individuals aged 40–70 years, during the period April to May 2021. Data sampling took place in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Netherlands, Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Only data pertaining to individuals who were soft contact lens wearers were included. Data were extracted for questions relating to contact lens wearing habits pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and expectations for future lens wear beyond the pandemic.ResultsSeven-hundred and twenty-eight individuals were identified as soft contact lens wearers of which six-hundred and nineteen wore a combination of contact lenses and spectacles. Most respondents indicated contact lens wear times had either remained the same (57.3%) or increased (9.8%) during the pandemic. The country with the greatest proportion of respondents decreasing wear time during COVID-19 was the UK (45.3%), and the least in the Netherlands (20.0%). The primary cause of decreased lens wear was attributed to leaving the home less often (70.0%), and the second most common reason due to concerns about hygiene (10.8%). Most respondents (83.9%), however, expressed a desire to return to pre-pandemic wear times once the pandemic was over.ConclusionsPractitioner concerns about contact lens market recovery ought to be assuaged by the survey outcomes which show most individuals to have maintained lens wear during the pandemic. In view of the continued lens wear, as and when restrictions ease, ECPs may wish to encourage patients to return for routine check-ups that may have been missed due to the pandemic.     

新冠肺炎疫情防控期间咸阳市食品安全专项抽检结果分析

采用6种快速检测产品在新冠肺炎疫情防控期间对辖区食品进行快速检测,并对检测结果分析。方法 利用6种快速检测产品对农产品的农药残留和瘦肉精、食品中二氧化硫、黄曲霉毒素B1、亚硝酸盐和吊白块进行检测,并对快速检测中检出的阳性产品进行监督、抽检、及时送实验室检测。结果 此次快速检测共计完成1151批次,其中农药残留824批、二氧化硫118批、亚硝酸盐70批、黄曲霉毒素B1 75批、瘦肉精10批、吊白块54批,检出疑似阳性产品6批次,送实验室复检确证阳性样品1批,快速检测总体合格率为99.48%。结论 此次疫情防控期间的快速检测有效的保障了辖区的食品安全,并将食品快速检测与实验室检测相结合,形成优势互补。     

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on contact lens wear in Spain

PurposeTo investigate the behaviour of contact lens (CL) wearers in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn anonymized web-based questionnaire was used to assess demographics, CL history, and activity, CL wear habits and perceived risk of infection due to CL wear during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 737 participants with an average age of 27.4 (±9.3) years completed the online questionnaire. The vast majority of respondents were soft CL wearers and reported at least two years of CL wear. Patients concerns about the increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to CL wear (40.6 % of participants) were significantly related (χ²(1) = 11.195, p < 0.05) to CL discontinuation (46 % of participants) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This fact joins the significant changes in the frequency of CL wear during the COVID-19 pandemic (χ²(4) = 31.982, p < 0.05), with a tendency to increase occasional CL wear from 29.1 % to 61.8 %. Interestingly, the majority of respondent (87.9 %) indicated that no professional had offered them information related to CL wear and COVID-19, and that they had not sought it on their own (82.2 %).ConclusionThere is a relationship between the perceived risk of infection and CL dropout during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a tendency to change the CL frequency of wear, with an increase in occasional CL wear. During the ongoing pandemic, eye care practitioners should reinforce CL patient education to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and CL-related complications requiring clinical care.     

产业链视角下新冠疫情对我国皮革制造业发展的影响研究

为妥善应对疫情对我国皮革制造业造成的冲击,应从稳定产业链结构出发,通过升级自身制造水平,确保我国皮革产业在全球产业链的重构过程中维持原有不可替代性.文章从疫情对产业链的影响出发,分析我国皮革行业经济运行情况与产业链阶段性变化,并得出皮革产业在限制性条件下的发展启示.     

鸭肉、鸭肝及鸭蛋中人畜共患病毒的检测与分析

目的 对福建省部分地区的鸭肉、鸭肝和鸭蛋开展人畜共患病毒的检测。方法 应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术对2011年3月至2012年4月间从不同采样点采集的鸭肝、鸭肉等样品开展禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒及鸭坦布苏病毒的检测。结果 对所采集的529份样品检测结果表明, 样品中禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒和鸭坦布苏病毒检出率分别为0%、0.76%和1.1%。结论 所采集的鸭肉等样品的人畜共患病毒污染情况很轻, 但农村早市等地方来源样品的阳性率明显高于其他地方, 应进一步完善和健全鸭粗加工制品的食品安全质量检测工作。     

常态化疫情防控时期的食品安全问题及对策

当前全球新冠肺炎疫情形势依然严峻, 而突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情对我国食品安全提出了全新的挑战。我国在疫情防控中取得的成效来之不易, 在现阶段疫情防控长期化和常态化时期, 绝对不能轻视食品安全意识的缺失和管理漏洞, 如何保障食品安全至关重要。本文主要分析了新冠肺炎疫情下我国进口冷链食品和生鲜市场凸显的食品安全问题, 并提出疫情防控常态化时期保障食品安全的有效措施, 进一步加强对进口冷链食品的风险防控, 建立控制新冠病毒传播的预防体系和溯源体系, 切实保障冷链食品的安全; 加强对生鲜市场的监督管理和防疫防控体系设计, 完善食品安全应急响应机制, 以期为保障人民群众的食品安全和身体健康提供参考, 维护好当下疫情防控的胜利果实。