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  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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Sweetpotato is one of the world's most important food crops, particularly in developing countries. The storage roots have high carbohydrate and vitamin A contents and possess strong antioxidant potential, previously attributed to their hydroxycinnamic acid content. We report on several new purple sweetpotatoes developed for their high anthocyanin content. Although the antioxidant activity of purple sweetpotato extracts was greater than that of sweetpotato lacking anthocyanins, anthocyanins alone could not account for all the activity. Extract components were separated by 2D paper chromatography, and their relative contributions to antioxidant activity were determined. The antioxidant activity of the extracts from sweetpotato was shown to be due to both anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids, additively. Neither the anthocyanin content nor the antioxidant activity of sweetpotato flesh was affected by common cooking methods. These findings may be important in the light of the health‐protective properties attributed to both antioxidants and anthocyanins. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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This review provides background about sweetpotato in West Africa to identify the current importance and future potential of sweetpotato fried products in the region. We drew on global literature to consider current best practices and health aspects in addition to information from West Africa where frying in the form of large wedges or ‘chunk fries’ is predominant over other forms (i.e. chips (often referred to as crisps in England and the Commonwealth) and ‘French fries’). Chunk fries are produced mostly by female-run microenterprises selling them as a filling snack to roadside and market customers. Boiling, drying and reconstituting in various foods, pounding and consumption of leaves as a vegetable are also important in the region. Further research will inform the development of a product profile for chunk fried sweetpotato and inform breeding strategies to improve sweetpotato for frying and other uses.  相似文献   

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Fried sweetpotato quality is important for variety adoption in West Africa. To inform breeding efforts, the study developed a product profile for sweetpotato chunk fries using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Root characteristics, processing attributes, in-mouth attributes and appearance of fried product were critical to final product quality. Raw roots should be hard, have smooth skin and no off-odours. Peeled roots should be hard to slice and not sticky. Stickiness and moist surface indicate high moisture content, associated with excessive oil absorption during frying. Hard to slice roots connote high dry matter. Fried product should be crisp, slightly sugary and mealy, have a uniform colour with brown tint and not be soggy. Crispness, mealiness and short frying time with limited oil absorption may be functions of starch. Understanding starch characteristics and other attributes that contribute to quality fried sweetpotato is critical for breeding sweetpotato genotypes with superior quality for frying.  相似文献   

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Sweetpotato is an important staple crop in East Africa with great potential for introducing improved cultivars, but little is known about which sensory characteristics are desirable. Over a 2 year period, 600 consumers were interviewed at three locations (urban and rural) in the Lake Zone of Tanzania and their preference of 14 locally available sweetpotato cultivars in cooked form was evaluated. A simple questionnaire based on consumers first‐choice preference was used followed by socio‐economic questions. A trained sensory panel profiled the cooked sweetpotato samples, enabling comparisons with preference, location and season. Cluster analysis based on the sensory attributes was used to classify the cultivars into three groups; one cluster comprised the most preferred cultivars and another contained the least. Some cultivars were consistently preferred over the 2 year period while others were not. The location where the cultivars were grown also influenced preference. Stepwise regression indicated that the most discriminating sensory attributes were starch and stickiness. Target levels based on the mean intensity scores of these attributes are suggested as a means of screening new cultivars. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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ABSTRACT: Pumpable purees from purple‐flesh sweetpotatoes (PFSP) were subjected to microwave heating using a 60 kW, 915 MHz continuous flow system, followed by aseptic packaging in flexible containers to obtain a shelf‐stable product. Initial test runs were conducted using a 5 kW 915 MHz microwave system to measure dielectric in‐line properties and examine the puree temperature profiles. The results demonstrated uniformity in heating of the puree at sterilization temperatures (>121 °C), and the dielectric constants and loss factors were within the range of published values for orange‐fleshed sweetpotato purees. The pilot‐scale test runs in a 60 kW microwave unit produced shelf‐stable puree packages stable at room temperature. Polyphenolic content of the PFSP purees were evaluated and the results showed that while total phenolics increased (5.9%) and total monomeric anthocyanins slightly decreased (14.5%) with microwave application, antioxidant activity determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays did not significantly change as a result of microwave processing. Color values showed that microwave‐processed samples differed from fresh puree in saturation and hue angle, but not in overall color change. PFSP purees increased in gel strength when microwave processed, packaged, and stored, but the gel could be easily disrupted into flowable purees. Overall, high‐quality retention can be obtained by microwave processing and aseptic packaging of PFSP purees so that they can be used as functional food ingredients.  相似文献   

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甘薯多酚粗提液的抗氧化活性研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用抗坏血酸和没食子酸作为对照,全面测定了甘薯多酚粗提液对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基、DPPH自由基的清除率、还原能力、抗脂质过氧化活性以及对食用油脂的抗氧化性的影响,结果表明甘薯多酚粗提液具有较强的综合抗氧化能力,是一种有开发价值的天然抗氧化剂。  相似文献   

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研究甘薯过氧化物酶最适温度、最适pH值、Km及Vmax,同时探讨了不同激活剂和抑制剂对甘薯过氧化物酶的作用.结果表明:甘薯过氧化物酶最适温度为60℃,最适PH值为6.5,Km=0.00315293mol/L,Vmax=857372U/(min·g).抑制作用强弱依次为VC >L-cys>NaHSO3>柠檬酸>EDTA,说明各抑制剂均具有一定的抑制作用.  相似文献   

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HPLC分离测定红心薯中类胡萝卜素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
应用高效液相色谱法分离和测定红心薯中类胡萝卜素.样品制备采用已烷-丙酮-乙腈-甲苯混合溶剂与40%氢氧化钾甲醇溶液浸提、皂化的方法,使用Nova-PakC18不锈钢柱,乙腈-三氯甲烷-叔丁醇作三元流动相,流量线性梯度洗脱等色谱条件,在440nm波长下检测,红心薯中主要类胡萝卜素得到了较好的分离.以外标定量法对红心薯中的4种主要类胡萝卜素(β-胡萝卜素,叶黄质,堇黄质,新黄质)进行了定量,结果较为满意.  相似文献   

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鲜切甘薯酶促褐变机理的研究   总被引:22,自引:4,他引:22       下载免费PDF全文
鲜切甘薯中的酚类物质以游离酚(FP)为主,占总酚(TP)的90%左右。贮藏过程中FP和TP均呈先上升后下降的变化规律,且其比值(FP/TP)稍有增加。鲜切甘薯多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在切分后有所增加至第3d达最大而后下降直到贮藏结束,与TP和FP的变化呈同步性,而过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性则基本保持不变。鲜切甘薯PPO的最适反应温度为15.2℃,且在该温度下较为稳定,另在50℃处有一肩峰。PPO的最适pH值为4.4,pH4.0以下或者8.5以上PPO活性迅速下降。NaHSO3、CA、EDTA-2Na和VC对鲜切甘薯PPO均有不同程度的抑制效果。甘薯PPO对不同底物的酚类物质亲和力依次为儿茶酚>焦性没食子酸>绿原酸>酪氨酸>苯酚>愈创木酚。鲜切甘薯中主要的酚类物质和酶促褐变底物为绿原酸。  相似文献   

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大孔树脂纯化甘薯叶黄酮的工艺研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在前期研究超声提取甘薯叶黄酮的工艺基础上,为探讨甘薯叶黄酮的纯化工艺,本研究选择大孔树脂为吸附树脂来分离纯化甘薯叶黄酮.首先进行了大孔树脂的选择实验研究、大孔树脂静态吸附动力学研究,结果表明,AB-8树脂的吸附量和解吸率都较高,是理想的适用于甘薯叶黄酮吸附分离的树脂类型.在此基础上,通过AB-8大孔树脂对甘薯叶黄酮动态吸附实验、动态洗脱实验确定出AB-8大孔树脂分离纯化甘薯叶黄酮的最佳条件为:上样液浓度为2.02.5mg·mL-1,pH值6.0,上样流速为2BV*h-1;使用3BV用量的90%的乙醇作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,解析流速为1BV*h-1.AB-8大孔树脂纯化后的甘薯叶黄酮含量较高,纯度为64.21%,与甘薯叶黄酮提取原液中纯度26.87%相比,提高了2.38倍.  相似文献   

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食品脆度的客观表征及其通用测量公式的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
解伟妮  陈建杨 《食品科学》2010,31(3):150-152
食品的脆度指标因构成因素复杂,虽有少量探索,目前为止尚没有形成比较一致的客观表征和测量方法。本研究以具有脆度属性要求的各种蔬菜水果类食品为对象,建立食品的感官脆度评价与仪器测定质构图中提取的各种参数的相关性。把所得的力、斜率、面积、面积/ 距离等参数与感官平均脆度值进行相关性分析,结果表明:斜率与感官脆度值具有最高的相关性,据此建立脆度指标的表征模型。以饼干类食品对该模型进行验证,表明该模型对蔬菜水果及饼干类食品有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

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探讨甘薯叶黄酮(FIBL)对糖尿病小鼠糖MafA蛋白表达的影响。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导Ⅱ型糖尿病(NIDDM)小鼠动物模型,然后将动物分成正常对照组、模型对照组、FIBL低剂量灌胃组、FIBL高剂量灌胃组、罗格列酮灌胃组,药物连续灌胃28 d,检测MafA在糖尿病小鼠胰腺表达量的变化。结果表明小鼠胰腺组织MafA蛋白量增加。甘薯叶黄酮能刺激糖尿病小鼠的MafA基因,使其表达量增加,从而达到降血糖的作用。  相似文献   

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红薯叶中绿原酸的提取纯化工艺研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
通过单因素实验对红薯中绿原酸进行基础研究,选择出了红薯的最佳干燥方式,绿原酸含量最高的部位和提取绿原酸的最佳试剂:烘干的红薯材料中绿原酸的含量大于晒干的;红薯叶中绿原酸的含量为最高;70%的乙醇对于绿原酸的提取效果为最佳。  相似文献   

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目的:全面深入地研究长沙市居民食用甘薯与生活观念、健康状况之间的关系。方法:随机抽取长沙市不同地区年龄在20岁以上的居民发放调查问卷进行调查。结果:在405例调查者中,18.27%的人经常食用甘薯,61.98%的人偶尔食用甘薯,19.76%的人从不吃甘薯;甘薯被视为营养全面而均衡的保健食品,受到青年一代的青睐,他们不食用甘薯的比例在逐步降低;老年人群食用甘薯的频率较高,常食甘薯对于心血管疾病、糖尿病和骨质疏松症可能有一定的预防作用;经常食用甘薯的老年人食用粗粮、水果,参加锻炼和娱乐的比例较高,食用保健品的比例较低,健康营养意识比较强。  相似文献   

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紫甘薯色素抗菌与抗氧化作用研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
主要就紫甘薯色素的抗菌与抗氧化活性研究进展进行了综述,涵盖紫甘薯色素的成分与特性、提取与纯化方法、抗菌与抗氧化机理及研究现状,以期为紫甘薯的综合利用拓展方向。  相似文献   

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植物源多酚类化合物具有广泛的生理活性。采用传统生物化学方法对存在于甘薯工业加工后固形废弃物中多酚物质进行提取分离,并探索其相关用途,以提高甘薯的资源利用率。在设计溶剂对比试验基础上,对溶剂体积分数、提取温度、时间、料液质量体积比4个单因素进行正交试验,然后采用酒石酸亚铁分光光度法测定了总酚含量。结果表明,甘薯工业加工后固形废弃物中多酚物质提取的适宜工艺条件为乙醇体积分数55%,温度50℃,时间70 min,料液质量体积比1 g∶20 mL,该类甘薯渣多酚粗提液具有对H2O2的清除能力及还原能力,为一类有开发价值的天然抗氧化剂。  相似文献   

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