可溶性有机物(DOM)对超滤去除水中内分泌干扰物(BPA)的影响

采用终端超滤工艺及膜静态吸附试验,对可溶性有机物(DOM)在超滤去除饮用水中内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)的影响方面进行研究.研究主要考察了腐殖酸作为DOM的替代物对超滤去除BPA的效果及膜吸附BPA的性能等方面的影响.结果表明,腐殖酸对超滤去除饮用水中双酚A没有显著影响.不同腐殖酸浓度下,初始浓度为400μg/L的BPA溶液的超滤去除率和吸附率分别为96%和68%左右.试验证实,在试验周期内吸附是大孔径超滤膜去除小分子BPA的主要作用.BPA在超滤膜面的静态吸附较好的遵循了Freundlich吸附等温线.水中BPA处于较高浓度水平时,高浓度的腐殖酸使得膜对BPA的静态吸附性能有所提高.     

可溶性有机物(DOM)对超滤去除水中内分泌干扰物(BPA)的影响

采用终端超滤工艺及膜静态吸附试验,对可溶性有机物(DOM)在超滤去除饮用水中内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)的影响方面进行研究。研究主要考察了腐殖酸作为DOM的替代物对超滤去除BPA的效果及膜吸附BPA的性能等方面的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸对超滤去除饮用水中双酚A没有显著影响。不同腐殖酸浓度下,初始浓度为400μg/L的BPA溶液的超滤去除率和吸附率分别为96%和68%左右。试验证实,在试验周期内吸附是大孔径超滤膜去除小分子BPA的主要作用。BPA在超滤膜面的静态吸附较好的遵循了Freundlich吸附等温线。水中BPA处于较高浓度水平时,高浓度的腐殖酸使得膜对BPA的静态吸附性能有所提高。     

活性炭多维电极法去除水中腐殖酸的探讨

研究了活性炭多维电极法中活性炭荷电特性对腐殖酸去除效率以及在含氨氮的腐殖酸液中pH及电导率对该法去除氨氮的影响，指出活性炭荷正电时，该法对腐殖酸的去除效果最好，而氨氮去除率则随着pH的增加而减少，随着电导率的增加而增加。同时分析了本方法去除腐殖酸的作用过程，提出了多维电极法去除腐殖酸的作用过程为吸附－分解－脱附的循环过程，并且对活性炭具有一定的再生作用，可极大地延长活性炭的再生周期，从而降低了处理腐殖酸液的成本。     

用表面修饰的活性碳吸附废水中的铜离子

活性碳去除重金属的效率取决于重金属的种类及活性碳的表面特征 .本研究将一种商品活性碳用浓硝酸修饰 ,再以氢氧化钠进一步处理 .结果显示修饰过程主要导致活性碳表面化学特征的改变而不是物理性质的变化 .测试显示修饰对活性碳表面积的影响极小 .酸碱滴定表明 ,修饰作用明显改变了活性碳对H+ 及OH-的吸附行为 .研究表明 ,溶液pH值对铜离子的吸附有显著影响 .固定缓冲pH条件下测定修饰活性的吸附能力发现 ,金属吸收容量主要取决于活性碳表面的酸碱功能团 ,因而其吸附行为可用表面酸碱理论进行解释 ,所获数据可用于建立活性碳吸附平衡和动力学模型 .     

5种改性硅酸盐吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附性比较

通过实验研究了沸石、膨胀蛭石、瓷砂陶粒、页岩陶粒和黏土陶粒5种硅酸盐吸附剂改性前后对腐殖酸的吸附的影响.分析了投加量、pH、温度和腐殖酸浓度对腐殖酸吸附的影响.结果表明:改性前,沸石对腐殖酸的吸附性最好,膨胀蛭石次之,黏土陶粒、瓷砂陶粒和页岩陶粒效果较差.改性后,5种硅酸盐吸附剂对腐植酸的吸附去除效果均有较好提高,其中5种硅酸盐吸附剂用HDTMA改性的最佳条件为:沸石、膨胀蛭石和黏土陶粒改性浓度均为20 g/L,页岩陶粒和瓷砂陶粒为25 g/L.     

腐殖酸-柱撑膨润土的制备及其对铀（VI）的吸附性能

采用腐殖酸（ HA）修饰铝-柱撑膨润土（ Al-PILC）,制备得到腐殖酸-柱撑膨润土（ HA-Al-PILC）,用于去除含铀废水中的铀.通过静态吸附实验考察了投加量、pH值,接触时间、U（ VI）初始浓度对吸附的影响,同时进行了吸附解吸实验.试验结果表明,HA修饰后的Al-PILC对U（ VI）的去除能力有了一定程度的提高;HA-Al-PILC对U（VI）有很好的去除效果,150 min左右吸附达到平衡,最佳投加量为1.0 g/L,最佳pH值在6左右;HA-Al-PILC能重复使用.     

有机层状双氢氧化物对水体中腐殖酸的吸附及其影响因素

采用共沉淀法合成了十二烷基苯磺酸钠插层的有机镁铝层状双氢氧化物(LDH-SDBS).对合成的有机LDH-SDBS进行超声震荡,使其比表面积增大,以提高吸附能力.研究了LDH-SDBS对水中腐殖酸的去除效果.结果表明,LDH-SDBS可以有效地去除水中腐殖酸.吸附过程受LDH-SDBS的投加量、竞争性阴离子、温度、吸附时间和溶液的pH值等因素的影响.     

多壁碳纳米管对水中腐殖酸的吸附行为研究

以多壁碳纳米管为吸附剂对水中腐殖酸（HA）的吸附行为进行了研究,重点考察了各种因素下碳纳米管对腐殖酸吸附效果的影响,如吸附温度、吸附时间、溶液pH、共存离子等.实验结果表明,在15℃,25℃和35℃条件下,多壁碳纳米管对腐殖酸的吸附等温线可以用Freundlich模型模拟,其实验条件下的最大吸附量分别为37.77mg/g,41.89mg/g,52.95mg/g;吸附剂对水中腐殖酸的吸附在12h内可达平衡,且吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程;碳纳米管对腐殖酸的吸附量随溶液pH的增加而降低;水中金属阳离子的存在能促进腐殖酸的吸附,不同类型的阳离子对腐殖酸吸附效果影响的大小顺序为：Ca2＋﹥K＋﹥Na＋.     

Zn/Fe类水滑石对水中腐殖酸吸附性能的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了Zn/Fe型类水滑石(Zn/Fe-HTlc),并用SEM-EDAX元素分析、XRD与IR表征其结构和元素组成.研究了腐殖酸(HA)初始浓度、pH值、温度、电解质浓度等对Zn/Fe-HTlc吸附水中HA性能的影响.研究表明,Zn/Fe-HTlc吸附水中HA的吸附等温线符合Freundich吸附等温线模型.随着初始pH增大,HA吸附量降低.无机电解质能明显抑制HA在Zn/Fe-HTlc上的吸附.当温度为25℃,初始浓度为25 mg/L,pH=5.00,吸附时间为40 min时,Zn/Fe-Htlc对HA的饱和吸附量达12 mg/g.     

pH和腐殖酸对高铁酸盐去除水中铅、镉的影响

利用静态试验研究了 pH 和腐殖酸对高铁酸盐预处理去除铅、镉的影响.结果表明:高铁酸盐预处理对水中微量铅、镉有良好的去除效果,1mg/L 高铁酸盐可使铅、镉的去除率比单纯硫酸铝混凝的铅、镉去除率提高20％左右.中性和碱性条件下铅、镉的去除率均高于酸性条件,铅的去除率高于镉.水中腐殖酸浓度升高使铅的去除率降低,对镉的去除率影响不大,高铁酸盐能够部分消除腐殖酸的影响,提高铅的去除率.     

二级水DOM在活性炭及土壤层处理中的迁移转化

为有效控制污水处理厂二级出水在回用水加氯消毒过程中消毒副产物的产生,通过模拟活性炭(GAC)吸附及土壤含水层处理(SAT)实验,研究二级出水经GAC吸附后进行人工地下回灌过程中溶解性有机物(DOM)的迁移及转化规律.利用XAD-8/XAD-4树脂将水样中的溶解性有机物(DOM)分级为疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).HPO-A和HPI为二级水DOM中最主要组分(占到其DOC总含量的75%).GAC能有效吸附二级出水中HPO-A、HPO-N和TPI-A,而对TPI-N和HPI的去除率较低;后续的SAT能有效地去除GAC去除效果不佳的HPI,使DOM的去除率达到70.1%.GAC在有效去除总THMFP的同时(去除率为55.6%),能有效降低HPO-A、TPI-A、TPI-N的三氯甲烷生成活性(STHMFP);后续的SAT处理使系统总THMFP去除率达到67.2%.与单纯的SAT处理相比,GAC+SAT能够有效地降低各组分的STHMFP.     

Preparation and Dye Adsorption of Low-cost Polyaniline-tea Saponin Nanocomposites

Four polyaniline-tea saponin (PTS) nanocomposites were prepared by an in-situ polymerization with tea saponin (TS) as a biosurfactant,and they were used to remove organic dyes from aqueous solution.The PTS nanocomposites were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy,the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,the Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and the thermogravimetric analysis.The adsorption performances of the PTS nanocomposites for organic dyes were studied by a st...     

固定化生物活性炭除微量有机物的运行效果

采用筛选、驯化的工程菌,对饮用水深度净化系统中的ＧＡＣ进行固定化,使之成为ＢＡＣ,通ＣＯＤＭｎ和浊度考察了其实际运行效果,经过２年的运行,证明ＢＡＣ滤罐出水ＣＯＤＭｎ≤２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,浊度〈２ＮＴＵ,水质达到ＷＨＯ和发达国家的饮用水标准,并且延长了活性炭的使用寿命。     

Study on the adsorption of Cr（VI） onto landfill liners containing granular activated carbon or bentonite activated by acid

The adsorption capacity of landfill liners containing granular activated carbon (GAC), or bentonite activated by acid, for Cr(VI) was investigated by batch testing. The results show that both GAC and activated bentonite could be used as sorptive amendments for trapping Cr(VI) in landfill liners. The Cr(VI) sorption to GAC and activated bentonite is much greater than Cr(VI) sorption to natural clay. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto all the soils increases with increasing temperature; adsorption ca-pacity is also significantly influenced by soil-solid concentration. As the soil-solid concentration increases the adsorption capacity first decreases logarithmically, but then stabilizes when the soil-solid concentration exceeds a critical value (e.g. 400 g/L). Perme-ability tests were conducted in the laboratory. The results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of landfill liners containing GAC or activated bentonite can meet the engineering requirement of 1 nm/s. One-dimensional transport simulations for Cr(VI) were performed to evaluate the effect of GAC and activated bentonite on landfill liners. The results of the simulations indicate that land-fill liners containing GAC, or activated bentonite, significantly retard the transport of Cr(VI) relative to a conventional clay liner.     

Study on the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) onto landfill liners containing granular activated carbon or bentonite activated by acid

The adsorption capacity of landfill liners containing granular activated carbon (GAC), or bentonite activated by acid, for Cr(VI) was investigated by batch testing. The results show that both GAC and activated bentonite could be used as sorptive amendments for trapping Cr(VI) in landfill liners. The Cr(VI) sorption to GAC and activated bentonite is much greater than Cr(VI) sorption to natural clay. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto all the soils increases with increasing temperature; adsorption ca-pacity is also significantly influenced by soil-solid concentration. As the soil-solid concentration increases the adsorption capacity first decreases logarithmically, but then stabilizes when the soil-solid concentration exceeds a critical value (e.g. 400 g/L). Perme-ability tests were conducted in the laboratory. The results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of landfill liners containing GAC or activated bentonite can meet the engineering requirement of 1 nm/s. One-dimensional transport simulations for Cr(VI) were performed to evaluate the effect of GAC and activated bentonite on landfill liners. The results of the simulations indicate that land-fill liners containing GAC, or activated bentonite, significantly retard the transport of Cr(VI) relative to a conventional clay liner.     

载锆颗粒活性炭吸附去除水溶液中的硫酸根离子

制备负载氧化锆的颗粒活性炭(Zr-GAC),以吸附水溶液中的硫酸根离子.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和比表面积测定等方法对Zr-GAC进行表征.结果表明,Zr-GAC具有多孔的表面积,其上具有许多由氧化锆组成的团聚体.XPS分析证实,吸附剂表面存在大量的锆和羟基,氧化锆改性后...     

松树锯末对Pb(II)与Ni(II)的吸附研究

以松树锯末为吸附剂,研究其对水中Pb(II)和Ni(II)的吸附性能,研究了锯末用量、搅拌速度、溶液初始pH值等对吸附效果的影响及其吸附动力学和热力学性能。研究结果表明,锯末对Pb(II)和Ni(II)具有良好的吸附能力。锯末对Pb(II)和Ni(II)吸附过程均符合拟二级吸附动力学模型(R²≥0.997 7),锯末吸附Pb(II)和Ni(II)的活化能分别为9.808 7 kJ/mol和2.859 4 kJ/mol;锯末对Pb(II)和Ni(II)等温吸附符合Langmuir模型(R²≥0.999 2)。热力学研究表明,锯末对Pb(II)和Ni(II)的吸附是自发的放热过程。     

粉煤灰对砷吸附性能研究

利用粉煤灰除砷,考察碱洗和负载Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物等不同的改性方法对去除As(Ⅴ)效果的影响.结果表明,经碱洗和Fe(Ⅲ)改性的粉煤灰吸附效果(平衡吸附量Qc＞ 35 mg/g)明显强于未经改性的粉煤灰(平衡吸附量Qc＜1 mg/g),在初始砷浓度为1 mg/L,pH值为中性的条件下,投加量为0.5 mg/L,24 h后砷...     

Investigation on adsorption and regeneration performances of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by supercritical water technique

In this paper,adsorption and regeneration characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) used as adsorbent were investigated for the removal of 1,3-benzenediol (BDO) from water by the supercritical water (SCW) technique. FTIR,XPS,SEM and dispersion stability tests were used to characterize the structure and surface morphology of CNTs. The results showed that CNTs surfaces were slightly activated and strongly etched in supercritical water system. The adsorption capacity of SCW-treated CNTs was higher than that of raw CNTs. The adsorbed amounts for treated CNTs and raw CNTs samples at the same initial concentration of 60 mg/L were ca. 16.42 and 7.30 mg/g,respectively. The BDO adsorption of treated CNTs was due to the physical adsorption. The experimental data fit Freundlich isotherm model better than Langmuir one. The loaded adsorbent could be efficiently desorbed and regenerated by SCW technique. Therefore,SCW is a promising and environmentally friendly technique for the improvement of adsorption and regeneration of CNTs.     

GAC-BAF联合工艺处理高浓度含酚废水

采用活性炭（GAC）吸附-曝气生物滤池（BAF）降解联合工艺处理高浓度含酚废水,对GAC吸附、再生,BAF降解,GAC—BAF联合工艺运行工况进行了研究。结果表明：该联合工艺能有效降解含酚废水;GAC吸附容量与进水流量无关,吸附效果在原水进水pH=3．0、温度20±2℃下达到最佳;反冲进水碱性条件下对GAC解吸再生有利,反冲流量对再生有一定影响;BAF对含酚废水的容忍浓度为1100mg／L,GAC再生废水进入BAF之前需稀释至微生物适宜的pH值和苯酚浓度;GAC—BAF联合工艺中GAC柱进水流量的选择应确保BAF床有足够时间对已吸附饱和的另一平行GAC柱完成再生。该联合工艺将GAC吸附和BAF生物降解结合成连续运行的方式,使得苯酚废水处理过程不受GAC再生的影响,解决了传统GAC吸附和生物降解不适宜处理高浓度含酚废水的缺点。