粉末冶金法制备金属基复合材料的研究及应用

粉末冶金工艺(P/M)具有工艺灵活、可设计性强的特征,是制备高性能金属基复合材料的重要手段之一。简述了P/M法制备金属基复合材料的工艺特点及加工、成型特点,以若干较成功的应用实例为重点总结了粉末冶金金属基复合材料的性能特点,以及国内外的研究与应用现状,提出了该类材料未来的发展方向。     

挤压铸造短纤维增强金属基复合材料浸渗过程分析

在分析挤压铸造金属基复合材料浸渗条件的基础上，建立了液态金属在短纤维预制件中的浸渗和压力分布模型，计算结果表明：（１）当外加压力不足以使短纤维预制件产生变形之前，其浸渗距离和浸渍前端的压力分别为：Ｘｆ＝１－Ｆ／１－Ｖ＇ｆ∫＾ｔ０ｕｄｔ和Ｐｓ＝μｕ／Ｋ＇０·１－Ｆ／１－Ｖ＇ｆ∫＾ｔ０ｕｄｔ－４Ｖｆ０γｃｏｓθ／ｄｆ（１－Ｖｆ１０）（２）当外加压力使短纤维预制件产生变形之后，其浸渗距离和浸渗前端的压力     

碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷复合材料的研究

使用ＣＶＤ技术提高纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的密度是很困难的,因为它很难使反应气体完全渗入到基体里面,这是由于“瓶颈”效应所致,即ＣＶＤ过程阻塞了基体表面的小气孔,进而封闭了通向大气孔的入口,为此提出了一种新的方法位控ＣＶＤ（ＰＣＣＶＤ）,来克服上述通过控制反应气体通道位置试样的加热位置,从而达到控制沉积位置,使沉积界面始终处于开孔状态,使用ＰＣＣＶＤ技术制造的Ｃ／ＳｉＣ复合材料,实际密度可达到其理论     

Creep Behavior of Powder Metallurgy SiC‐Al Composites

The creep properties of powder metallurgy (PM) discontinuous SiC‐Al alloys (whisker and particulate) and their Al matrices have been the subject of many studies recently that have aimed not only at assessing the potential of the PM SiC‐Al alloys for use as high temperature materials but also at identifying the origin creep strengthening in such materials. As a result of these studies, several sets of experimental results are now available. This paper reviews some of the results. Emphasis is placed on the identification of issues related to early work and on efforts made recently to clarify them. In addition, recent developments regarding the roles played by SiC particulates and the Al alloy matrix during the creep of a PM SiC‐Al composite are discussed.     

液态金属铸造法制备金属基复合材料的研究现状

在金属基复合材料的制备方法中,液态铸造法具有广泛的应用和发展前景.较系统地论述了颗粒、晶须和短纤维增强的金属基复合材料的液态铸造制备方法及其对材料性能的影响,探讨了液态铸造法制备金属基复合材料过程中仍然存在的问题和研究进展,展望了制备金属基复合材料的发展方向.     

Fabrication of Woven Metal Fibre Reinforced Glass Matrix Composites

A processing route has been developed for the fabrication of metallic fibre mat reinforced glass matrix composites. For the model experiments reported here, a commercially available satin woven stainless steel 316L fibre mat was used as the reinforcement and soda-lime glass as the matrix. The process involves two steps: (1) the infiltration of the intra- and inter-tows regions of the fibre mats with silica sol using electrophoretic deposition and (2) the fabrication of a composite by cold uniaxial pressing and pressureless sintering of impregnated fibre mats sandwiched between layers of the matrix glass powder. The sintering took place in air at 670°C, and composite materials of sufficient integrity could be obtained without damaging the fibres. The deposited silica remained amorphous at the processing temperature providing a porous interface between the glass matrix and the metallic reinforcement. Obervation of fracture surfaces revealed that both fibre pull-out and fibre deformation occur, which should lead to a significant toughness enhancement. The presence of the interfacial silica layer, deposited using electrophoresis, is thought to be responsible for this behaviour.     

金属－PTC陶瓷复合材料制备工艺及机理的研究

金属－ＰＴＣ陶瓷复合材料是电子功能型的陶瓷基复合材料［１］．本文介绍了Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ－ＰＴＣ陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，测定了材料的阻温特性，讨论了样品的ＮＴＣ现象及阻温特性机理．     

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料导电性能的研究

采用粉末冶金法,制备了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料,研究了石墨烯含量及烧结温度对复合材料组织及力学性能、导电性能的影响.结果表明,当石墨烯添加量为0.3％(质量分数)、在580 ℃烧结1h时,所得复合材料晶粒较细小,分布较均匀,致密度最大,为90.14％,电导率最高,为25.54 MS/m,硬度最大,为HB23.35.     

SiC晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料及其分散研究

阐述了SiC晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料的进展，指出晶须增韧过程中遇到的难题；综述了近年来对SiC晶须分散摘要并认为化学键合理论在SiC晶须的分散中是主性的研究及其效果，主要介绍了硅烷偶联剂的化学键合理论和物理作用理论，要的。     

Machinability of Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by 3-D Network Structure

Metal matrix composites reinforced by three-dimensional (3-D) continuous network structure reinforcement (3DCNRMMC) are difficult to machine due to serious tool wear and poor surface roughness caused by the brittle and hard reinforcement which interpenetrate into ductile matrix. In order to achieve the approach of low cost of 3DCNRMMC, the machinability of it needs to be understood. The influences of three cutting parameters and volume fraction of reinforcement on cutting force were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that: (1) Due to the brittle phase(s) introduced into ductile matrix of composites, there is a large fluctuation of cutting force causing deterioration of machinability. The fluctuation ranges of cutting forces, initially increase rapidly with the increase of volume fraction of reinforcement and then decrease finally, are largest at the range of the volume fraction of 55–65%; (2) The influence of cutting parameters on cutting force is obvious. With the increases of cutting speed, cutting force decreases gradually unless cutting speed exceeds the value of 209 m/min. Cutting forces increase with increasing feed rate and depth of cut; (3) Owing to the large fluctuation of cutting force, there were some cratered surfaces caused by Si₃N₄ reinforcement pulling-out and flaking-off. Some brittle phase protruding from the machined surface caused the deterioration of machined surface.     

先驱体转化法制备连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究

综述了先驱体转化法制备连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料在先驱体、致密化工艺、微观结构、性能等方面的国内外研究情况 ,最后提出了今后进一步研究的方向     

金属基复合材料的现状与发展趋势

在过去的二十多年里,金属基复合材料凭借其结构轻量化和优异的耐磨、热学和电学性能,逐渐在陆上运输(汽车和火车)、热管理、民航、工业和体育休闲产业等诸多领域实现商业化的应用,确立了作为新材料和新技术的地位。但是,金属基复合材料的未来发展仍然面临不确定性,既有可能持续扩大应用领域和市场规模,也有可能在其它材料和技术的竞争下停滞甚至萎缩。在综述金属基复合材料的研究与应用现状的基础上,对其可预期的增长点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

预氧化Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料及其构件的抗疲劳特性研究

采用在线销钉集成技术实现了二维C_f/SiC复杂构件的近尺寸成型,并考察预氧化C_f/SiC销钉集成构件的高周疲劳寿命及破坏模式。实验结果表明:C_f/SiC构件在不同激振加速度条件下均表现为由销钉断裂所引起的整体分层破坏,层板连接处为C_f/SiC构件的振动疲劳薄弱部位。通过ANSYS振动应力分析和微观组织分析可以推论出,疲劳试验时,裂纹容易沿着层板间的基体扩展,在基体开裂失效后,全部应力施加于销钉处,最终在疲劳应力作用下销钉发生断裂,导致构件整体分层破坏。     

Mechanical Properties and Strain Hardening Behavior of Few-Layered Graphene Nanosheets-Reinforced Powder Metallurgy Nickel-Based Superalloy Metal Matrix Composites

Herein, few-layered graphene nanosheets (GNS) with approximately 3, 6, or 9 layers are used to reinforce high-performance nickel-based superalloy metal matrix composite. A powder metallurgy method comprising solution-mixing, hot isostatic pressing, and thermal processing is used to prepare GNS-FGH96 composites with different numbers of GNS layers as well as referential FGH96 matrix materials. Compared with those of unreinforced FGH96, the mechanical properties of the GNS-FGH96 composites are enhanced, specifically, the ≈6 layers GNS-FGH96 composite exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 1660 MPa and a yield strength of 1229 MPa, which are 9.79% and 6.87% higher, respectively, than those without the addition of GNS. Furthermore, the ≈6 layers GNS-FGH96 composite exhibits the highest elongation-at-fracture of 29.9%. The as-prepared GNS-FGH96 composites show a good balance of strength and ductility owing to the increased dislocation density between the FGH96 matrix and GNS reinforcement interface area, as well as the high structural integrity of the GNS. Thus, this study provides a novel approach for designing and creating high-performance graphene-reinforced FGH96 metal matrix composites that exhibit exceptional strength and toughness.     

金属基复合材料蠕变性能的研究现状和展望

综述了国内外金属基复合材料的抗高温蠕变性能的研究进展。重点分析了蠕变理论研究中的3种理论模型的特点,指出理论研究的核心问题是位错越过第二相的机制以及门槛应力的来源。详述了目前蠕变实验研究的各种实验方法与特点。讨论了利用计算机有限元分析来进行蠕变研究的优点。针对目前我国金属基复合材料的抗高温蠕变性能的研究方法提出了一些看法和展望。     

连续碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的氧化行为和氧化防护研究

通过叙述C/C和C/SiC两种复合材料的氧化特点分析了碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(CFRCMCs)的氧化行为,分别从纤维、基体、界面层及外表面4个方面综述了碳纤维改性、基体抗氧化技术、界面层抗氧化技术和表面涂层技术4种CFRCMCs的抗氧化技术,分析了4类抗氧化技术的原理和特点。     

液态法制备金属基复合材料浸渗动力学模型的研究进展

液态制备法因具有成本低、工艺简单和可操作性强等特点而广泛应用于金属基复合材料的工业化生产。其中,液态浸渗法制备复合材料的关键在于浸渗过程,因此如何控制浸渗过程中的工艺参数来制造高质量的复合材料是人们一直关注的课题。综述了液态法制备金属基复合材料的浸渗动力学模型研究现状,分析了当前研究中存在的问题,提出了相关建议,展望了复合材料浸渗动力学模型的发展趋势。