空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈头下型骨折

目的评价空心加压螺钉内固定手术治疗青壮年股骨颈头下型骨折的临床疗效。方法 2005年1月至2010年10月,采用空心螺钉内固定治疗青壮年头下型股骨颈骨折28例。Garden分类,Ⅲ型16例,Ⅳ型12例。损伤至手术时间6～48h。随访观察其骨折愈合情况。结果本组28例患者术后均获得随访,21例手术后5～8个月获得骨性愈合,5例患者10个月后骨性愈合,3例股骨头缺血坏死。髋关节功能Brumback评价标准评分,其中优13例(46.4%),良12例(42.9%),差3例(10.7%),总优良率89.3%。结论空心加压螺钉内固定手术是治疗青壮年股骨颈头下型骨折的一种有效方法,使骨折获得较高的愈合率,减少股骨头坏死。     

68例股骨颈骨折经皮空心加压钛合金螺钉治疗分析

本文主要对我院从2005年至今采用经皮空心加压钛合金螺钉治疗股骨颈骨骨折病例进行了分析,无内固定失效的发生,骨折均达到骨性愈合,总优良率100%。无一例发生股骨头坏死。     

小切口双肌蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折

目的探讨小切口下行带缝匠肌阔筋膜张肌双肌蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折的治疗方法。方法采用小切口暴露,直视下复位、带缝匠肌阔筋膜张肌双肌蒂髂骨瓣移植,X线透视引导下闭合打入空心加压螺钉固定以治疗股骨颈骨折。共治疗头下型骨折14例,经颈型9例。结果按Harris评分标准,优良率91.3%。结论手术创伤小,血运破坏少,是治疗股骨颈骨折的有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

100例早期闭合复位内固定治疗单纯股骨颈骨折

目的探讨股骨颈骨折的治疗方法,根据不同的骨折类型,选择最佳的手术方式。方法本组100例,平均36岁(10～55)岁。其中头下型20例,经颈型48例,基底型32例。均采取早期闭合复位有限切开,3根空心加压螺纹钉内固定,术后制动12周,平均随访2年。结果其中2例复位不理想,2周后经切开复位固定并植骨后骨折愈合,3例骨折不愈合,5例股骨头坏死。结论新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则应早期复位牢固固定,力求解剖复位。根据不同类型的骨折,在达到治疗原则的同时,尽量选择损伤小的手术方法,手术后不要过早负重,有利于降低骨折不愈合和股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率。     

小切口解剖复位、空心钉内固定结合低分子肝素应用治疗头下型股骨颈骨折

目的探讨采用小切口解剖复位、空心钉内固定结合低分子肝素应用治疗头下型股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法自2003年6月至2006年6月采用小切口解剖复位、空心钉内固定结合低分子肝素治疗头下型股骨颈骨折20例,对这些病例进行回顾性分析,按Garden分型:Ⅲ型17例,Ⅳ型3例。结果所有患者平均随访13.2个月,18例患者骨折愈合良好,1例出现螺钉松动、髋内翻畸形,1例出现骨折不愈合股骨头坏死、塌陷。结论采用小切口解剖复位、空心钉内固定结合低分子肝素治疗头下型股骨颈骨折,具有创伤小、愈合率高、经济等优点,能取得满意疗效。     

单侧支撑钢板结合空心加压螺钉治疗Schatzker Ⅴ型胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨单侧支撑钢板结合空心加压螺钉治疗SchatzkerⅤ型胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法对21例SchatzkerⅤ型胫骨平台骨折切开复位单侧支撑钢板结合空心加压螺钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗SchatzkerⅤ型胫骨平台骨折,通过对手术损伤情况内固定疗效及恢复情况探讨内固定方法的治疗效果。结果所有病例随访,骨折复位良好内固定效果佳,均未发生软组织并发症,关节恢复良好。结论单侧支撑钢板结合空心加压螺钉治疗SchatzkerⅤ型胫骨平台骨折具有创伤小、内固定牢固、关节恢复良好、疗效满意的一种内固定方法 。     

早期闭合复位内固定治疗单纯股骨颈骨折

目的探讨股骨颈骨折的治疗方法,根据不同的骨折类型,选择最佳的手术方式。方法本组40例,平均35.2岁(16～55岁)。其中头下型11例,经颈型14例,基底型15例。均采取早期闭合复位有限切开,3根空心加压螺纹钉内固定,术后制动12周,平均随访2年8个月。结果其中1例复位不理想,2周后经切开复位固定并植骨后骨折愈合,1例骨折不愈合,2例股骨头坏死。结论新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则应早期复位牢固固定,力求解剖复位。根据不同类型的骨折,在达到治疗原则的同时,尽量选择损伤小的手术方法,手术后不要过早负重,有利于降低骨折不愈合和股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率。     

老年股骨颈骨折微创手术新进展

股骨骨折为老年人常见的骨折,股骨颈骨折是股骨骨折中占比例最大的骨折,应用经皮空心加压螺钉内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折有较好疗效。     

“C”臂引导下经皮空心加压钛合金螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的分析在"C"臂引导下经皮空心加压钛合金螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折疗效。方法回顾性分析1995年6月-2006年6月,对130例股骨颈骨折患者在"C"型臂X线机透视下,经皮空心加压钛合金螺钉治疗效果。结果130例患者术后随访6个月至2年,平均11个月。其中优76例,良42例,优良高达率90.8%。且术后均未出现感染、断钉。结论经皮空心加压钛合金螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折,手术创伤小,疗效可靠,值得临床推广使用。     

带锁髓内针内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折28例报道

目的探讨带锁髓内针内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床疗效。方法完善术前准备,评价和证实神经血管情况,胫骨全长正侧X线片。采用小腿前外侧切口,暴露骨折端,骨折端尽可能少剥离骨膜,骨折端直视下复位,取髌韧带正中长约4cm切口,经髂骨平台前1cm左右开口扩髓,成功后打入髓内针,远端锁2枚锁钉,倒打。结果26例患者3～7个月骨痂通过骨折线并可完全负重,1例由静力固定改为动力骨折愈合,1例10个月无生长趋势,行Ⅱ期植骨;1例软组织感染皮肤坏死,经扩创引流Ⅱ期植皮手术愈合。结论采用小切口切开复位立行带髓内针治疗胫腓骨开放粉碎骨折,具有固定牢固、骨折愈合率高、感染率低、下肢功能恢复快等优点,应作为胫腓骨折首选治疗方法。     

球囊损伤加高脂喂养建立大鼠髂动脉粥样硬化模型

目的探索建立髂动脉粥样硬化动物模型的有效方法。方法将Wistar大鼠18只,雌雄各半,随机分为三组:高脂(加VD3) 球囊损伤组、高脂组、正常喂养组。在实验第90天检测血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯,分别处死各组动物,并分离各组髂动脉,置于10%中性福尔马林中固定,作HE染色。结果模型组TC、TG水平均明显升高(P<0.05),髂动脉管壁明显增厚,中膜平滑肌细胞增生,管腔内有较典型的动脉粥样斑块。结论球囊损伤及高脂喂养 VD3可成功建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型。     

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Derived Microvesicles Ameliorate Detrusor Overactivity Secondary to Bilateral Partial Iliac Arterial Occlusion-Induced Bladder Ischemia

(1) Background: We established a new bladder ischemia rat model through bilateral partial iliac arterial occlusion (BPAO) and investigated the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and ADSC-derived microvesicles (MVs); (2) Methods: The study included four groups: (1) sham, (2) BPAO, (3) BPAO + ADSCs, and (4) BPAO + ADSC-derived MVs. Female Wistar rats with BPAO were injected with ADSCs or ADSC-derived MVs through the femoral artery. Doppler flowmetry and real-time laser speckle contrast imaging were performed to quantify blood flow in the common iliac arteries and bladder microcirculation. A 24-h behavior study and transcystometrogram were conducted after 2 weeks. Bladder histology, immunostaining, and lipid peroxidation assay were performed. The expressions of P2X2, P2X3, M2, and M3 receptors and nerve growth factor (NGF) were evaluated; (3) Results: BPAO significantly reduced bladder microcirculation, intercontraction interval (ICI), and bladder volume and increased the amplitude of nonvoiding contraction, neutrophil infiltration, and malondialdehyde and NGF levels. ADSCs and ADSC-derived MVs significantly ameliorated these effects. The results of Western blot showed that the BPAO group exhibited the highest expression of M3 and P2X2 receptors. ADSCs significantly attenuated the expressions of M2 and P2X2 receptors. ADSC-derived MVs significantly attenuated the expressions of M3 and P2X2 receptors; (4) Conclusions: ADSCs and ADSC-derived MVs ameliorated the adverse effects of BPAO including bladder overactivity, bladder ischemia, and oxidative stress. Inflammation, muscarinic signaling, purinergic signaling, and NGF might be involved in the therapeutic mechanism.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.