基于高光线模型消除三角形网格局部不规则区域

高光线是检测自由曲面质量的有效工具.它提供一种直观且便利的手段,在交互设计中提高自由曲面质量.文中提出了在任意三角形网格曲面上生成高光线模型的一种方法.基于该高光线模型,文中给出了一种消除三角形网格上的局部不规则区域的方法.该方法通过求解一个目标函数,并迭代地移动网格顶点位置,来获得修改后的新网格.利用该方法能够同时优化三角形网格表面形状以及网格上的高光线形状.该方法直观易用,适合于三角形网格的局部形状优化.     

NURBS曲面形状修改的一种改进算法

提出一种修改NURBS曲面形状的新算法。该算法运用约束优化方法,通过改变控制顶点和权因子修改NURBS曲面的形状。实验证明,该算法可以获得令人满意的效果。     

基于3D曲面模型的数字水印算法

本文给出了一种NURBS曲面模型的三维数字水印算法.该算法不直接将水印信息嵌入到NURBS曲面的参数中,而是对原始NURBS曲面模型进行修改,通过映射成虚拟2D图像,利用已有的DCT域图像水印嵌入算法将信息嵌入到2D图像中,再对2D图像进行提取产生新的NURBS曲面水印模型.该算法对于控制顶点、节点向量的改变以及模型表面的近似等操作具有鲁棒性.     

基于能量优化的NURBS曲面几何特征修改

NURBS作为曲面造型技术中的重要方法之一,在计算机辅助几何设计和计算机图形学领域中有着广泛的应用。针对NURBS曲面的几何特征修改,提出了基于能量优化的修改方法。通过对NURBS曲面的控制顶点进行扰动,以曲面的应力能改变为目标函数并使之最小化,实现了NURBS曲面上给定多个点处的位置、一阶偏导矢、二阶偏导矢和法矢等几何特征的修改。数值实例表明该方法用于微调时,可实现对曲面局部形状的多种修改效果,便于交互设计。     

一种修改NURBS曲线形状的新方法

曲线曲面的形状修改是计算机几何造型过程中的重要部分．文章提出了一种修改NURBS曲线的新方法，使得修改后的曲线在多个参数点处满足用户给定的几何约束(如点约束、切矢约束)，首先引入了一些新的概念如：局部曲线、总曲线、多余约束和多余曲线等．对于每个参数点分别计算出一系列满足该点处几何约束的局部曲线，并由此构造了总曲线．接着插值一条满足多余约束的多余曲线．最后运用构造Coons曲面的思想，计算出最终的修改曲线，它等于总曲线减去多余曲线．同时我们发现两种现存的修改NURBS曲线的方法是一样的．实例表明此方法适用于CAD软件系统。     

等距曲面的NURBS放样插值方法

本文给出了等距曲面的一种NURBS放样插值生成方法，该方法主要是在原始NURBS曲面上取得一个能较好反映曲面特征的型值点阵，再交这个型值点阵按某种算法矢方向外推，从而得到原始曲面的等距曲面上的型值点阵，然后，再用NURBS放样插值曲面来逼近等距曲面，本文给出的算法几何意义明显，易于编程实现，且得到的等距曲面其u向和v向参数曲线仍是NURBS曲线，且具有C^2连续性，最后，给出了一个实例。     

NURBS的概念与使用

NURBS是英文Non－UniformRationalB－Spline（即非均匀有理B样条）的缩写。NURBS曲线和曲面造型方法是当今CAD／CAM领域研究热点之一。国际标准化组织ISO在其产品数据模型数据交换的国际标准STEP（STandardfortheEx－changeofProductmodeldata）中把NURBS作为几何描述的主要方法，这因为NURBS对标准的解析曲面，如圆锥曲面、二次曲面、旋转曲面，和自由曲面．提供了统一的、精确的数学表达式。通过调整控制顶点和权因子、可以灵活地改变曲面的形状，个别控制顶点和权因子的调整可对曲面做局部修改。越来越多的CAD／CAM…     

截面线数据的曲面蒙皮重构技术研究

为了保持曲面形状的平滑性，在曲面重构过程中经常会出现曲面形状的变异，针对带有精确截面信息的截面线数据的三维曲面重构问题，提出了一种NURBS曲面蒙皮重构方法。该方法产生一个连续的NURBS曲面，改进了传统曲面蒙皮重构方法在处理非均匀截面数据点时出现的一系列问题，通过实际系统验证了该方法的有效性。     

NURBS边界曲面直接生成法

由于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的复杂性,传统NURBS边界曲面的生成是先构造孔斯曲面,再由孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换得到,其操作过程比较烦琐。针对此问题,提出了NURBS边界曲面直接生成算法,该算法根据给定的四条NURBS边界曲线,结合孔斯曲面生成方法直接插值生成NURBS曲面,从而避免了通过孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换所带来的计算代价,因此同传统方法相比,具有较低的计算代价。实验结果表明:该算法简化了曲面生成步骤,减少了曲面转换过程的计算量,生成的曲面边界信息明确,且连续性好。     

反向工程中NURBS曲面CAD重构技术研究

CAD几何模型重构技术是反向工程RE(Reverse Engineering)技术的核心,NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines)方法因其表示法的形状控制灵活性,在曲面造型和曲面重构中具有重要作用.针对CAD曲面重构技术进行研究,并对NURBS曲面重构提出一种新的构建方法,将每个数据点相对应的有理基函数的参数值最大化,所得函数值作为数据点的参数值来构造NURBS参数曲面.最后通过实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

Dynamic highlight line generation for locally deforming NURBS surfaces

The highlight line model is a powerful tool in assessing the quality of a surface. Efficient highlight line generation is especially important for an interactive design environment. In this paper, a method for dynamic generation of highlight lines on a locally deforming NURBS surface is presented. The method generates frames of the deforming surface and the corresponding highlight lines by directly modifying the current highlight lines using a Taylor expansion technique, instead of going through a tracing process. The highlight lines computation process adopted here enables a unified distance surface to generate all highlight lines in the highlight line family. The computation process is facilitated by looking up pre-calculated information of the tessellation mesh and an indexing technique for the distance surface. The indexing technique is presented to determine when the highlight line model should be re-generated and, to facilitate the highlight line re-generation process. The new technique is suitable for interactive design environments and animation applications as the updating process takes only one subtraction and one vector inner product to get the new parameters for each new node.     

NURBS surface deformation design for complex products by transplanting the surface feature

This article addresses the problem of NURBS surface deformation design using surface feature transplantation. To represent the semantic surface feature, a new surface feature representation called normal feature membrane is proposed. In the proposed method, the base surfaces of the source surface with the feature that the designer is highly interested in and the target surface to be deformed are first constructed. This is followed by extracting the normal feature membrane of the source surface. The deformation design is then realized by transplanting the extracted normal feature membrane of the source surface to the base surface of the target surface through four main operations, which are normal feature membrane preprocessing, normal feature membrane transplanting, surface fairing, and boundary feature decaying, respectively. The proposed method provides an easy copy–paste operation of the semantic surface feature for surface deformation of complex product. The examples of the surface feature transplantation for the surface design of automobile bodies are given to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.     

Performing Efficient NURBS Modeling Operations on the GPU

We present algorithms for evaluating and performing modeling operations on NURBS surfaces using the programmable fragment processor on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We extend our GPU-based NURBS evaluator that evaluates NURBS surfaces to compute exact normals for either standard or rational B-spline surfaces for use in rendering and geometric modeling. We build on these calculations in our new GPU algorithms to perform standard modeling operations such as inverse evaluations, ray intersections, and surface-surface intersections on the GPU. Our modeling algorithms run in real time, enabling the user to sketch on the actual surface to create new features. In addition, the designer can edit the surface by interactively trimming it without the need for retessellation. Our GPU-accelerated algorithm to perform surface-surface intersection operations with NURBS surfaces can output intersection curves in the model space as well as in the parametric spaces of both the intersecting surfaces at interactive rates. We also extend our surface-surface intersection algorithm to evaluate self-intersections in NURBS surfaces.     

Direct manipulations of B-spline and NURBS curves

This paper presents a method for the direct manipulations of B-spline and non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) curves using geometric constraints. A deformable model is developed to define the deformation energy functional of B-spline and NURBS curves. The finite element method is used to minimize the deformation energy functional and solve for the deformed shape of curves subjected to constraints. This approach results in a set of linear equations for a B-spline curve and a set of non-linear equations for a NURBS curve. A perspective mapping is used to linearize the NURBS formulations. NURBS curves are first mapped from the 3D Cartesian coordinate space to the 4D homogeneous coordinate space, and transformed to 4D B-spline curves. After the manipulation in the 4D homogeneous coordinate space, the modified NURBS curves are then mapped back to the 3D Cartesian coordinate space. The approach is implemented by a prototype program, which is written in C, and runs under WINDOWS. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach.     

Interactive Sculpting with Deformable Nonuniform B-splines

This paper describes an efficient method for manipulating deformable B-spline surfaces, based on minimizing an energy functional. The major benefit of the proposed new fairness norm is that it preserves the natural representation of the B-spline surface control points (a two dimensional array) which has an efficiency advantage over other methods. The designer uses forces as a main sculpting tool and is free to specify a single force, a set of isolated forces, forces situated on a line or curve or area of the deformable surface. The user is allowed to modify several parameters and in this way to change the physical properties of the object.     

Direct boolean intersection between acquired and designed geometry

In this paper, a new shape modeling approach that can enable direct Boolean intersection between acquired and designed geometry without model conversion is presented. At its core is a new method that enables direct intersection and Boolean operations between designed geometry (objects bounded by NURBS and polygonal surfaces) and scanned geometry (objects represented by point cloud data).We use the moving least-squares (MLS) surface as the underlying surface representation for acquired point-sampled geometry. Based on the MLS surface definition, we derive closed formula for computing curvature of planar curves on the MLS surface. A set of intersection algorithms including line and MLS surface intersection, curvature-adaptive plane and MLS surface intersection, and polygonal mesh and MLS surface intersection are successively developed. Further, an algorithm for NURBS and MLS surface intersection is then developed. It first adaptively subdivides NURBS surfaces into polygonal mesh, and then intersects the mesh with the MLS surface. The intersection points are mapped to the NURBS surface through the Gauss-Newton method.Based on the above algorithms, a prototype system has been implemented. Through various examples from the system, we demonstrate that direct Boolean intersection between designed geometry and acquired geometry offers a useful and effective means for the shape modeling applications where point-cloud data is involved.     

NURBS曲面上积分曲率线的B样条表示

对NURBS曲面的曲率线的积分进行了系统的公式推导,并利用NURBS曲面的离散法向量有效地简化了曲面第二基本量的计算,加速了Euler法迭代求解曲率线微分方程的过程;在求得曲率线上的离散点集以后,应用奇异混合插值技术,在可控精度内把曲率线用显式直接表示为位于NURBS曲面上的B样条曲线．文中的思想与算法有助于曲率线技术在计算机辅助几何设计及曲面造型中的使用与推广．     

NURBS曲线自动光顺的一种有效算法

提出了一种局部光顺NURBS曲线的算法。算法建立在重复删除和插入节点的过程中，这个重复删除和插入的节点通过一个光顺准则自动选择。此算法自动找出NURBS曲线需要修改的那一点，局部修改控制多边形，使生成的新曲线更加光顺。     

NURBS曲面的等距曲面算法

本文将ＮＵＲＢＳ曲线的有理ｄｅＢｏｏｒ算法推广到ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面点的计算，由此可以得到ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面上点的单位法矢量，供其应用于ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面等曲面的生成。该算法几何意义明显，算法简洁，易于编程实现。     

Accurate GPU-accelerated surface integrals for moment computation

We present algorithms for computing accurate moments of solid models that are represented using multiple trimmed NURBS surfaces and triangles. Our algorithms make use of programmable Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate the moment computations. For NURBS surfaces, we evaluate the surface coordinates and normals accurately, with theoretical bounds, using our GPU NURBS evaluator. We have developed a framework that makes use of this data to evaluate surface integrals of trimmed NURBS surfaces in real time. Since typical solid models also contain flat planes that are usually tessellated into triangles, our framework also includes GPU acceleration of the moment contributions of such flat faces. Using our framework, we can compute volume and moments of solid models with theoretical guarantees. Our algorithms support local geometry changes, which is useful for providing interactive feedback to the designer while the solid model is being designed. We can compute the center of mass and check for stability of the solid model interactively. Other applications of such real-time moment computation include deformation modeling, animation, and physically based simulations.